Building Principles Research Articles

Analisis Konservasi Energi Pada Dinding Kaca Ruang Tunggu Bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang

The implementation of green building principles in building structures in Indonesia has a positive impact on reducing the effects of global climate change. In this regard, several airports in Indonesia have adopted the green building concept. One example of an airport that has been implemented this approach is Ahmad Yani International Airport, located in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. In this study, an exploratory quantitative approach was used to analyze thermal comfort in buildings using the overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) formula according to SNI 03-6389-2020 guidelines, and utilizing data collected in the field. Furthermore, this study only focuses on the type of glass wall material and certain orientations. Based on the analysis result, it was found that the OTTV value for glass walls reached 54,98 W/m². However, it should be remembered that these result actually exceeds the set standard. However, these result do not actually cover the entire context of OTTV values as a whole, because this study considers one type of material and a certain orientation.

Characterization of diatom silica exoskeletons using atomic force microscopy: Topography and mechanical properties

Hierarchically structured natural objects provide a promising base for developing advanced hybrid materials and devices for a wide range of applications. Particularly high level of interest has recently been placed on diatom algae, eukaryotic unicellular microorganisms that represent a potential solution to the fundamental problems of bionics, specifically, the effective application of exoskeleton building principles to high efficiency engineering device fabrication. Developing hull engineering structures, in particular, requires a thorough understanding of the structural and mechanical characteristics of diatom frustules. The present study investigated the morphology, topography and mechanical properties of Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis diatom frustules using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The Young’s modulus showed a decrease from the side to the center of the frustule, with the variance up to fivefold, demonstrating the deformation of the structure. Nanostructured siliceous exoskeletons (frustules) offer unique guidance for developing a new generation of nano- and microdevices for electronic, electromechanical, photonic, and other uses by revealing the underlying relationship in the structure-properties-function chain.

A Civil Aviation Customer Service Ontology and Its Applications

ABSTRACT In the process of developing the C919 large aircraft customer service intelligence system, we find that heterogeneous and incomplete data cause the inefficient and inaccurate decision making. Thus, to solve this problem, we propose to introduce the idea of ontology modeling and reasoning into competitive intelligence system building in this paper. We first present the building principles and methods of the civil aviation customer service ontology. We then define the classes and properties to contribute a real-world civil aviation customer service ontology, which is published on the Web (http://www.openkg.cn/dataset/cacso). We finally design SWRL rules corresponding to different intelligence analysis targets to support reasoning in our designed competitive intelligence system.

Understanding the complex systems of climate change and NCDs: A Causal Loop Diagram

Abstract Background WHO has identified climate change as one of the greatest health threats of the 21st century. At the same time, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease and cancer, are the leading cause of death globally and in the WHO European Region, are responsible for around 90% of deaths and 84% of years lived with disability each year. However, the complex relationships between climate change and NCDs are not well understood. Methods The aim of this research was to identify, discuss and map the linkages between factors and policy actions designed to prevent NCDs and address climate change. Objectives included to: discuss and clarify the pathways of how NCDs and climate change relate to each other and the co-benefits to addressing both using Group Model Building methods; to identify key multi-sectoral actors and priority actions for international collaboration and national responses to NCDs and climate change. We co-designed and created a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) with local stakeholders, following the principles of Group Model Building. Results 29 participants were involved in the workshop included WHO staff and experts in NCD prevention and/or climate change and health and health emergencies. The CLD was meaningful to the stakeholders as a consensual and co-produced understanding of the problem, as well as forming the basis of a tool to explore the future impact on how sectoral and multi-sectoral public policies to address these complex challenges are shaped and implemented. Participants identified a range of priority actions that, in their view, could impact and help reshape the system and influence NCDs and climate change in Europe. Conclusions The CLD was reflective of the various stakeholders’ experience, knowledge, perceptions, and views about the factors, and the inter-relationships between these factors, by which climate change influences NCDs and NCD risk factors in Europe. Key messages • Climate change is one of the greatest threats of the 21st century. • Systems thinking approaches can help identify ‘win-win’ solutions to complex issues.

Financing Green Infrastructure in Schools: A Case Study in Austria

Despite the positive effects of green infrastructure on people and the environment, it is still rarely integrated in public facilities such as schools. The main reason for this is a lack of knowledge about financing options. To fill this gap, the research project MehrGrüneSchulen (Engl.: More Green Schools) develops financing scenarios for green infrastructure in Austrian schools. This case study describes these developed scenarios, which use the principles of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding as well as the newly named principle of chain building. The idea of chain building is to motivate schools that have already successfully financed and built a low-cost greening system to present this process to another school in such a way that they are able to do the same themselves and eventually explain the process to a further school to continue this chain reaction. For the proposed funding scenarios to be effective, there is a need for innovation in education, with a focus on inter-school participation and networking. For this reason, the possible synergies of an online networking platform are discussed, which would help to connect schools and thus further improve the impact of the proposed fundraising processes.

The Public Performativity of Trust.

Building trust between academic medical centers and certain communities they depend on in the research process is hard, particularly when those communities consist of minoritized or historically marginalized populations. Some believe that engagement activities like the creation of advisory boards, town halls, or a research workforce that looks more like community members will establish or reestablish trust between academic medical centers and racialized communities. However, without systematic approaches to dismantle racism, those well-intended actions become public performativity, and trust building will fail. In this essay, we draw upon foundational ethical principles of trust, distrust, and trust building; apply the concept of bounded justice to performative trust acts; and center the works of Black and Indigenous feminist bioethicists to revisit some of the wisdom and valuable lessons they have contributed. Rebuilding trust is hard to do because people and institutions are often not honest about how hard it is and there is no simple box-checking task that can disentangle our society's injustices, but there are steps to take in this direction. Individuals and institutions can recognize valuable relevant work that has already been written, partake in critical reflection, and then apply insights gained to take both small and sustainable steps toward transformational change and deeper trust.

Can Green Finance Drive the Development of the Green Building Industry?—Based on the Evolutionary Game Theory

The construction industry has a significant impact on the environment, and green buildings provide an effective means of reducing environmental impact. Green finance can facilitate industrial transformation and upgrading, reduce construction costs, attract investment, and promote green industry development. However, traditional financing models still dominate the financing of green building projects, even if they are not in line with the core principles of green building. To solve this problem, this paper establishes a three-party evolutionary game model, which, based on the assumption of finite rationality, considers three core stakeholders: bank and financial institutions, developers, and consumers. The conditions for evolutionary stable equilibrium are identified through an equilibrium analysis of the strategic behavior of each subject, followed by a replication dynamic analysis. Simulation analysis was used to study the effects of key parameters on cooperative behavior and evolution. The results of the study show that (1) The high initial willingness of bank and financial institutions and consumers has a significant driving effect on the market. (2) When the market willingness is high, the government can steer the market towards the desired goal at relatively low policy costs. (3) With the support of green finance, green buildings can still flourish even if the return is slightly lower than traditional building projects. The results of the study reveal cooperative behavior and its evolutionary patterns, which help stakeholders coordinate their goals and promote the development of the green building industry.

Identifying opportunities for collective action around community nutrition programming through participatory systems science.

To apply principles of group model building (GMB), a participatory systems science approach, to identify barriers and opportunities for collective impact around nutrition programming to reduce cancer risk for immigrant communities in an urban environment. We convened four in-person workshops applying GMB with nine community partners to generate causal loop diagrams (CLDs)-a visual representation of hypothesized causal relationships between variables and feedback structures within a system. GMB workshops prompted participants to collaboratively identify programmatic goals and challenges related to (1) community gardening, (2) nutrition education, (3) food assistance programs, and (4) community-supported agriculture. Participants then attended a plenary session to integrate findings from all workshops and identify cross-cutting ideas for collective action. Several multilevel barriers to nutrition programming emerged: (1) food policies center the diets and practices of White Americans and inhibit culturally tailored food guidelines and funding for culturally appropriate nutrition education; (2) the lack of culturally tailored nutrition education in communities is a missed opportunity for fostering pride in immigrant food culture and sustainment of traditional food practices; and (3) the limited availability of traditional ethnic produce in food assistance programs serving historically marginalized immigrant communities increases food waste and worsens food insecurity. Emergent themes coalesced around the need to embed cultural tailoring into all levels of the food system, while also considering other characteristics of communities being reached (e.g., language needs). These efforts require coordinated actions related to food policy and advocacy, to better institutionalize these practices within the nutrition space.

Factors influencing adoption of green buildings in Tanzania: a qualitative case study

PurposeGreen buildings have proven to be essential contributors to the sustainability of buildings in the construction industry. However, in developing economies, the rate of green building adoption is slow. Moreover, the factors linked to a relatively slow adoption rarely feature in the literature. This study seeks to bridge the gap by first exploring factors influencing the adoption of green buildings. Second, analysing strategies and preferences determining the adoption of green building principles and lastly, exploring case-based opportunities for their adoption in Tanzania.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data from twelve key informants. The qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate that the most influential factors in green building adoption are related to key organizational decisions. Moreover, social and environmental factors are more related to green building adoption than economic factors. In addition, energy and water efficiency are the most commonly adopted sustainability features, while certified materials, recycling and reusing are rarely implemented.Practical implicationsSince green building adoption is still in its infancy, this study informs policymakers, professional bodies, developers, and researchers of the empirically supported factors for green building adoption. The conclusions can be amplified within the sustainability movement.Originality/valueThis study provides an in-depth understanding of the precursors of green building adoption, which is increasingly becoming a paradigm shift in the construction sector. The study is the first to present an in-depth analysis of the real-life factors influencing the adoption of green buildings in Tanzania.

Structural Health Monitoring and Management of Cultural Heritage Structures: A State-of-the-Art Review

In recent decades, the urgency to protect and upgrade cultural heritage structures (CHS) has become of primary importance due to their unique value and potential areas of impact (economic, social, cultural, and environmental). Structural health monitoring (SHM) and the management of CHS are emerging as decisive safeguard measures aimed at assessing the actual state of the conservation and integrity of the structure. Moreover, the data collected from SHM are essential to plan cost-effective and sustainable maintenance solutions, in compliance with the basic preservation principles for historic buildings, such as minimum intervention. It is evident that, compared to new buildings, the application of SHM to CHS is even more challenging because of the uniqueness of each monitored structure and the need to respect its architectural and historical value. This paper aims to present a state-of-the-art evaluation of the current traditional and innovative SHM techniques adopted for CHS and to identify future research trends. First, a general introduction regarding the use of monitoring strategies and technologies for CHS is presented. Next, various traditional SHM techniques currently used in CHS are described. Then, attention is focused on the most recent technologies, such as fibre optic sensors and smart-sensing materials. Finally, an overview of innovative methods and tools for managing and analysing SHM data, including IoT-SHM systems and the integration of BIM in heritage structures, is provided.

Building a Community-Academic Partnership to Expand Workforce Development in Underserved, High-Need/High-Demand Areas.

This case study highlights the partnership development between a large, urban, public, community-based behavioral health system and an academic program. Using principles of partnership building and facilitators that enhance partnership building, we describe the process of initiating, building, and sustaining the partnership. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) workforce development initiative was the primary catalyst for the partnership development. The public, community-based behavioral health system is located in an urban, medically underserved area and health care professional shortage area. The academic partner is a master in social work (MSW) program in Michigan. We assessed partnership development by using process and outcome measures that captured changes in the partnerships and in implementation of the HRSA workforce development grant. The goals of this partnership were to develop the infrastructure to support the training of MSW students, expand workforce skills in integrated behavioral health, and increase the number of MSW graduates who work with medically underserved populations. During 2018-2020, the partnership trained 70 field instructors, engaged 114 MSW students in HRSA field placements, and developed 35 community-based field sites (including 4 federally qualified health centers). The partnership provided training for field supervisors and for HRSA MSW students and developed new courses/trainings focusing on integrated behavioral health assessment/intervention practices, trauma-informed care, cultural awareness, and telebehavioral health practices. Of 57 HRSA MSW graduates who responded to a postgraduation survey, 38 (66.7%) were employed in medically underserved, high-need/high-demand urban areas. Partnership sustainability was helped by formal agreements, regular communication, and a collaborative decision-making approach.

Enhancing Market Readiness for nZEB Implementation

Despite transposing the 2010/31/EU Directive’s requirements creates legal responsibilities at the national level, the nearly Zero energy building (nZEB) principle does not appear to be widely adopted just yet in many nations. Previous studies have shown that the most significant barriers include determining the cost-effective ideal integration of the technologies appropriate for nZEB and the skills constraints faced by the construction industry. In order to meet the challenge of an efficient nZEB implementation, existing certification courses and training programs are still insufficient and inadequate, and hiring experienced specialists for building retrofit and new construction is not common practice. The traditionally conservative real estate industry is nevertheless hesitant to adopt the new building standards and practices, notably in the residential sector, despite a significant movement towards nZEB and extensive energy renovation. In this specific situation, this paper provides a preliminary analysis of the European project nZEB Ready Enhancing Market Readiness for nZEB Implementation, which aims to address the issue of the effective implementation of the nZEB and make use of new possibilities to act at the market level in order to boost the market’s readiness for a successful implementation of the nZEB and to encourage demand for energy-related skills among construction workers and specialists in the countries involved and beyond.

Comparison of the features of the harmonization of volume and spatial architecture of modern public and residential buildings in the historical building of cities

The scientific article examines the harmonization of modern residential and public buildings in a historical environment. The article defines public buildings and their classification by level of service, and how it affects harmonization in a historical context. Service classification is divided into daily, periodic and episodic levels. Problems related to the design of public and residential buildings in historical areas of cities, where it is important to find a harmonious balance between the preservation of the historical context and the inclusion of modern design, are analyzed and discussed. The importance of respecting the modern architectural style and scale of the surrounding development is emphasized, especially when it comes to public buildings of episodic service. The important features of contrasting harmonization of this level of public buildings are determined, and how they should differ from ordinary buildings. Seven basic harmonizing principles are outlined that are used to design public and residential buildings that complement their historic surroundings, including preservation of the facade fabric, repetition of dominant elements, and the method of silhouette repetition. Finally, the text gives an example of how the destructive method was used in the design of the Kunsthaus in the Austrian city of Graz. An example is also given of how London business centers are combined with historical buildings thanks to the principle of background building. After the analysis of examples of public buildings, examples of the architectural formation of modern housing in a historical environment are given. In general, the text contains an analysis of the principles of harmonization of modern buildings in the historical environment, and how this harmonization differs between residential and public buildings.

Cryptographic protocol conformance testing based on domain-specific state machine

We present a method of conformance testing of the cryptographic protocol implementations that ensures a high degree of automation of the testing process and provides criteria for the quality assessment of the generated test suites. Our method is based on a kind of extended (non-finite) state machine which is specifically designed for the domain of cryptographic protocols. The key concept of the proposed machine is a built-in mechanism of sequences, which, firstly, sets an effective way to deal with the nondeterminism inherent in cryptographic protocols and, secondly, provides the means to express "inconvenient" (for the high-level declarative languages) requirements, such as e.g. "take the concatenation of the specified parts of all the previous messages which meet specified condition". Basing on this machine, we propose a high-level declarative language (embedded in Haskell) intended for development of interoperable protocol specifications used as input data for our testing tool. The protocol specification consists of two parts: a description of the structure of the protocol messages (this part, by virtue of its conciseness and declarativeness, can be directly incorporated in the primary specifications such as RFC) and a set of state machine transition functions binded to the sequences. In the paper, we present the principles of building of our machine and introduce the notion of sequences fuzzing. The proposed approach was successfully approved for the industrial cryptographic protocol TLS.

A THINKER AHEAD OF TIME: THE PRINCIPLES OF PERSONALITY EDUCATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COLLECTIVE SOCIETY BY BRONISLAW FERDINAND TRENTOVSKY

The article analyzes the biography, the stages B. Trentovsky’s formation as a scientist under the influence of the academic courses of Victor Cousin, Francois Pierre Guillaume Guizot, Abel-Francois Villemain and others, listened to during his studies at Warsaw, Berlin, Heidelberg and Paris universities. From the general list of scientific works, those dedicated to pedagogical issues were singled out, which made it possible to highlight the foundations of the pedagogical views of the outstanding Polish philosopher of the XIX century. The specifics of the historical processes that took place in the history of Poland in the first half of the 19th century have been clarified as well as the circumstances that shaped the peculiarities of the philosophical and pedagogical preferences of the Polish thinker-pedagogue. Attention is focused on the formation of the Polish variant of messianism as an attempt of Polish intellectuals to return the lost greatness of the Polish people, and the affiliation of B. Trentowski to this philosophical trend is emphasized. His interpretation of the principles of personality education, features of studentsʼ assimilation of knowledge, abilities and skills is highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the authorʼs vision of the general principles of team building, the peculiarities of human behavior in the collective, the necessary prerequisites for its harmonious functioning, the expediency of taking into account the existing objective and subjective contradictions of the personal value priorities of individuals. The role of the leader in the team management, the need for him to make unpopular managerial decisions, the mandatory executive discipline of subordinates, the system of incentives and punishments for personnel are emphasized. At the same time, possible risks associated with power abuse are formulated. The philosopherʼs personal contribution to the formation of cybernetics and the importance of his scientific heritage for the further development of philosophy and pedagogy of the 19th and 20th centuries are highlighted.
 Keywords: philosophy; freedom; romanticism; messianism; pedagogy; didactics; cybernetics; personality; сollective; manager; management.

Control Methods for Levitation System of EMS-Type Maglev Vehicles: An Overview

As new advanced vehicles, electromagnetic suspension (EMS)-type maglev trains have received wide attention because of their advantages such as high speed, no mechanical friction, low noise, low cost and energy consumption, strong climbing ability, and green environmental protection. The open-loop instability is one of the key points and difficulties for the levitation control systems of maglev trains. The closed-loop feedback control method must be applied to realize stable levitation. However, there are currently many levitation control methods just in theory. Considering their advantages and disadvantages, it is a major demand for maglev trains to select efficient, stable, applicable, and cost-saving methods to improve their dynamic performance and safety, which motivated this review. First, the current status of research on maglev trains is introduced in this paper, including types, system components, and research modes in various countries, followed by an analysis of the levitation control methods for EMS-type maglev trains. Then, the technical characteristics of the levitation control systems are described according to the basic principles of levitation systems, model building, mathematical derivation, and control objectives. Next, three kinds of typical levitation control methods are reviewed, namely, linear state feedback methods, nonlinear control methods, and intelligent control methods, according to their improvements and applications. Lastly, we summarize and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods, and future developments of levitation control are suggested.

Agroecological transitions in the mind

Agroecology has evolved and is promoted as an integrated pathway for the development of food and agriculture systems in ways that address the interacting social, economic, and environmental challenges of current dominant systems. Agroecology is usually described and defined by a set of principles that can be adapted and implemented in ways that are relevant to diverse contexts. Transition to wider use of agroecology depends on farmers and others who are not yet convinced deciding that agroecology provides the right pathway for them. We used 2 human behavioral models to highlight the influence of personal motivational factors such as attitudes and values in transitioning to agroecology. Current sets of agroecology principles generally do not refer to the values, beliefs, motivations, or attitudes that go along with, or are precursors to, change in practices. Insights from research on environmental education and pro-environmental behavior show that such values and attitudes, or mindsets, are built and nurtured through connection with nature, sense of place, group and individual identity, and self- and social efficacy. While recognizing the need for more comprehensive mindset principles for agroecology, we propose, based on our focus on achieving pro-environmental action, that a principle of deliberate building of ecological mindsets be added to the sets of agroecological principles. Transformational learning provides some practical ways of implementing that are well aligned with approaches to learning for agroecology that are already being used.

Modeling the transition from unicellular to multicellular life.

The emergence of multicellularity represents one of the major evolutionary transitions in biology. Multiple independent evolutions of multicellularity in different lineages have demonstrated its universality. However, the building principles of multicellularity remain poorly understood. Here we present and analyze biophysical models that can account for such a transition. We focus on the mechanical aspects of this transition, i.e., how external forces like fluid flow affect the growth and break-up of such multicellular systems, and how the regulation of cell-cell adhesion should evolve in order to eventually achieve robust behavior. We analyze the phase space of possible behaviors, and we identify parameter regimes that support such an evolutionary transition.

Appraisal of students' perceptions on green building concepts in a technical university

PurposeThe main goal of this study was to determine how students at Ho Technical University (HTU) viewed green construction approaches and the benefits green buildings may provide to Ghana's tertiary institutions to enhance quality of life.Design/methodology/approachThe institution's 350 participants were chosen using a random selection method. A standardised questionnaire was used to gather data, which was analysed using SPSS v.20 and presented in tables using descriptive statistics such as Likert scale analysis, weighted mean and relative importance index (RII).FindingsThe study revealed that awareness of the green building principle is comparatively low amongst the survey participants. Participants agree that the University's green building adoption is high. Students cited decreased utility expenses, improved occupant productivity and cheaper operational costs as important benefits of green construction. Students' thoughts on hurdles to implementing green construction ideas at the University were the enormous price tag of green building technology (RII = 0.89), ignorance of demonstration projects and ignorance of information on green building principles (RII = 0.81).Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers to study Ghanaian students' views on green buildings. This study adds to our understanding of students' thoughts on green building ideas. In addition, it sheds insight into their present awareness, which can help the university administration in Ghana design new paths for green building implementation.

Preparing students to form customized education programs for their future

Current trends including globalization, digitalization, informatization, computerization, etc., dictate new requirements for the forms, content and delivery methods of education. Education in the form of acquiring knowledge is replaced by the form of acquisition of competences. The actual principle of the quality and level of education is the competence approach, and in the field of providing educational services - the student-centered approach. The purpose of this work is to share the discussion regarding the trajectory of student's education with the necessary competencies for future professional activity, taking into account the student-centered approach to the educational process systems thinking required to solve complex problems, and dynamic optimization methods. The formation of the student's educational trajectory is based on the development of methodological, ontological and logical foundations of knowledge construction. Ontologies play a decisive role in the description model of the formation of such trajectories when a system of ontological descriptions of various training programs is created, which simultaneously becomes a means of methodology for the formation of new trajectories of knowledge. The use of the proposed principles of formation of the student's educational trajectories allows to make this process, on the one hand, more personalized, and on the other hand, transdisciplinary - which ensures the unification of students into study groups by courses, departments and faculties. The practical implementation of the step-by-step principles of building and installing educational programs takes place in the format of "Prism of Knowledge" based on the "Web-Software Complex – Editor of Learning Trajectory Scenarios". It provides the user with a toolkit with dynamic optimization methods for building various scenarios of the optimal learning trajectory taking into account innovations and future professional activities. Therefore, the given system of formation of knowledge trajectories allows building both personal knowledge bases and unification of groups of students, which in the future will contribute to the development of student-oriented education.