Building Integration Research Articles

Devices for trimming trees in urban areas

In an urban area, the care of large trees is problematic. When they age, branches, peaks should be trimmed. The use of logging machines is hampered by their large size and also significantly pollutes the urban environment, due to significant emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. In addition, the felling and delimbing process itself is not safe, and its use in an urban environment poses a threat to human life, the integrity of buildings and infrastructure. In most cases, to solve such problems, special workers (arborists) are used, who either climb onto the tree trunk, or are in the crane basket and cut the tree piece by piece. Such technologies are costly, unsafe and, at times, can cause inconvenience to others. The design and a detailed algorithm for the operation of a device are presented, which allows you to cut branches and trunks of trees and ensure their controlled descent to the ground without a threat to people and infrastructure. In this case, the operator controls the installation remotely. The device consists of movement and delimbing mechanisms, a chain saw for pruning large branches and tree tops, and a system for lowering the cut parts to the ground. The analysis showed that the proposed device is more effective than its counterparts and tree pruning by arborists.

Introduction

Introduction Sarah Teo (bio) The Mekong River's importance is difficult to overstate. Originating from the Tibetan Plateau, the 4,350-kilometer river flows through China's Yunnan Province and onward through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam before draining into the South China Sea. At least 60 million people depend on the river for their lives and livelihoods. As the world's largest inland fishery as well as a vital source for rice production and hydroelectricity to the riparian countries, the Mekong subregion has been progressively regarded as an area of strategic importance. This view has emerged alongside several trends. First, dam-building activities on the Mekong, intertwined with the worsening impact of climate change, pose an existential threat to the river's ecosystem. Downstream communities that rely on the Mekong for survival have been particularly vulnerable to the river's fluctuating water levels. Second, the effects of Sino-U.S. rivalry have seeped into the subregion, with Beijing and Washington stepping up their engagement with the riparian countries. The Mekong subregion is a crucial area for China's Belt and Road Initiative and a key element of the United States' "free and open Indo-Pacific" strategy. Since the early 1990s, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam have been variously involved in more than ten cooperative arrangements—including several with partners such as China, Japan, and the United States—targeted at managing challenges related to the Mekong River. Overlapping in membership and scope, these arrangements have generally been concerned with the management of shared water resources, sustainable development, infrastructure building, and regional economic integration. Over the past few years, cooperation has intensified with newer initiatives led by the major powers. These include the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) forum involving China, which officially launched in 2016, and the Mekong-U.S. Partnership (MUSP) involving the United States, which was established in 2020 and builds on the Lower Mekong Initiative (LMI). Other regional countries, such as India, Japan, and South Korea, have similarly enhanced their engagement with the Southeast Asian riparian countries. Some of these external partners have moreover [End Page 2] collaborated in providing assistance and support to the subregion, such as the Japan-U.S.-Mekong Power Partnership (JUMPP) inaugurated in 2019. Meanwhile, Thailand has sought to revive the Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy (ACMECS)—involving only the five Southeast Asian Mekong countries—which has made slow progress since its launch in 2003. In light of these initiatives, it is clear that cooperative activities in the Mekong are increasing to address the challenges faced by the subregional countries. At the same time, such cooperation also carries a competitive aspect amid ongoing geopolitical undercurrents. Despite all five riparian countries being members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since the late 1990s and the establishment of the ASEAN Mekong Basin Development Cooperation platform in 1996, ASEAN has mostly remained a "bystander" to Mekong-related activities.1 Although Vietnam attempted to include Mekong issues on ASEAN's agenda during its term as chair in 2020, its efforts were reportedly met with reservations from its fellow member states.2 For all its claims of regional centrality and apprehension over potential regional instability caused by major-power rivalry, ASEAN has not appeared as active or high-profile as some of the external partners in Mekong initiatives. This hands-off approach has led some observers to deem the Mekong subregion a test for ASEAN centrality to which the association should respond decisively and urgently.3 Given the Mekong's increasing importance to regional geopolitics and vice versa, the Regional Security Architecture Programme at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) convened a workshop in November 2021 for analysts and scholars from around the region to examine the contestation over interests, initiatives, and influence in the subregion.4 This roundtable features the essays presented at the workshop. The first three essays, by Brian Eyler, Zhang Li, and Xue Gong, delve into the intricacies of U.S. and Chinese approaches toward the Mekong and explore the dynamics of major-power competition that have emerged toward [End Page 3] the subregion. Eyler outlines how China and the United States have engaged with the...

Estimating the Potential of Building Integration and Regional Synergies to Improve the Environmental Performance of Urban Vertical Farming

Vertical farms have expanded rapidly in urban areas to support food system resilience. However, many of these systems source a substantial share of their material and energy requirements outside their urban environments. As urban areas produce significant shares of residual material and energy streams, there is considerable potential to explore the utilization of these streams for urban agriculture in addition to the possibility of employing underutilized urban spaces in residential and commercial buildings. This study aims to explore and assess the potential for developing more circular vertical farming systems which integrate with buildings and utilize residual material and energy streams. We focus on the symbiotic development of a hypothetical urban farm located in the basement of a residential building in Stockholm. Life cycle assessment is used to quantify the environmental performance of synergies related to energy integration and circular material use. Energy-related scenarios include the integration of the farm's waste heat with the host building's heating system and the utilization of solar PV. Circular material synergies include growing media and fertilizers based on residual materials from a local brewery and biogas plant. Finally, a local pick-up system is studied to reduce transportation. The results point to large benefits from integrating the urban farm with the building energy system, reducing the vertical farm's GHG emissions up to 40%. Synergies with the brewery also result in GHG emissions reductions of roughly 20%. No significant change in the environmental impacts was found from the use of solar energy, while the local pick-up system reduces environmental impacts from logistics, although this does not substantially lower the overall environmental impacts. However, there are some trade-offs where scenarios with added infrastructure can also increase material and water resource depletion. The results from the synergies reviewed suggest that proximity and host-building synergies can improve the material and energy efficiency of urban vertical farms. The results provide insights to residential building owners on the benefits of employing residual space for urban food provisioning and knowledge to expand the use of vertical farming and circular economy principles in an urban context.

Specifics of Political and Legal Documents on Cooperation between the EAEU and third Countries (part 2)

This study examines the transregional interaction of the EAEU with third countries within the framework of the concept of “soft power” on the basis of concluded cooperation agreements bearing international legal obligations. Aim. The study aims to identify the features of the bilateral interaction of the EAEU with Vietnam, Singapore, China, Serbia and Iran within the framework of the concept of “soft power” based on a comparative analysis of political and legal documents on cooperation.Tasks. The author defines the conceptual foundations of the economic dimension of “soft power”; considers political and legal documents on cooperation concluded between the EAEU and Vietnam, Singapore, China, Serbia, Iran, and identifies the components of “soft power” on the basis of the concluded documents.Methods. The study uses methods of content analysis and comparative analysis of political and legal documents on cooperation based on criteria such as legal form, institutional mechanism, areas of cooperation to identify the features of bilateral cooperation between the EAEU and Vietnam, Singapore, China, Serbia, Iran and the components of “soft power”.Results. The study shows that the “soft power” components of political and legal documents on cooperation are more presented in the relationship between the EAEU and Vietnam and Singapore. It is the provisions of these agreements that most often mention scientific and technical cooperation and the implementation of joint research projects, scientific and educational exchange, and education issues. Nevertheless, there are risks in the field of integration interaction between the EAEU and the aforementioned countries, due to both the geographical factor and their specifics in building integration relations with third countries.Conclusions. Transregional interaction between the EAEU and the above-mentioned countries is aimed at the exchange of information, liberalization and transparency in trade, support for the mechanisms of the World Trade Organization (WTO). An analysis of political and legal documents on cooperation between the EAEU using the example of Vietnam and Singapore demonstrates the opportunities for the EAEU not only to integrate into the global economy and strengthen competitiveness, but also to increase the attractiveness of the EAEU states in terms of promoting the “soft power” strategy.

Fragility analysis and inelastic seismic performance of steel braced-core-tube frame outrigger tall buildings with passive adaptive negative stiffness damped outrigger

This paper investigated the fragility and inelastic performance of steel braced-core-tube frame outrigger (SBFO) tall buildings with passive adaptive negative stiffness damped outrigger (A-NSDO) systems. The proposed A-NSDO provided passive negative stiffness to achieve substantial damping effect for tall buildings at elastic stage. Once tall buildings was subjected to excessive earthquakes and yielded, the A-NSDO was capable of stiffening the connection between outrigger ends and perimeter columns passively and adaptively to guarantee the integrity of tall buildings. Passive configuration and working mechanism of the A-NSDO were introduced and then its adaptive behavior was validated through experiments. Based on the results of incremental dynamic analysis, fragility analysis of two SBFO structures with different outrigger systems including conventional outrigger, conventional damped outrigger, and A-NSDO, was provided to evaluate structural vulnerability for different limit states like serviceable state, elastic state, plastic state, and collapse state. The inelastic performances SBFO tall buildings with different outrigger systems were discussed in detail, including seismic envelopes, time history results, response spectra, and hysteretic responses of columns, braces, and the A-NSDO. Numerical results validated that the proposed A-NSDO not only took its advantage at elastic states for SBFO tall buildings but was also beneficial during the inelastic states.

Building integration of active solar energy systems for façades renovation in the urban fabric: Effects on the thermal comfort in outdoor public spaces in Naples and Thessaloniki

In 2030, 80% of the world's population will live in cities, when cities are responsible for over 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions. As the built environment accounts for 40% of the global primary energy consumption, changes need to take place towards the energy sustainable transition. The above, combined with Europe's aging building stock, bring the energy renovation and the building integration of active solar systems on existing buildings to the forefront of discussions.The research performed herein, investigates the effects on thermal comfort in public spaces caused by the building integration of active solar energy systems on existing facades in two coastal cities, Naples, Italy and Thessaloniki, Greece, using the Physiological Equivalent Temperature. A typical example of the urban system of each city is chosen, and active solar systems are integrated on the buildings’ facades. The thermal conditions on the street level are then simulated by the means of Envi-MET software.The aim is to compare the thermal conditions in the public space, before and after the integration, evaluated through different filters of solar urban planning/building integration of active solar systems, and subsequently focusing to propose the most viable combination of urban practice and building integration strategy.

Paths towards greater consensus building in experimental biology.

In a recent editorial, the Editors-in-Chief of Journal of Experimental Biology argued that consensus building, data sharing, and better integration across disciplines are needed to address the urgent scientific challenges posed by climate change. We agree and expand on the importance of cross-disciplinary integration and transparency to improve consensus building and advance climate change research in experimental biology. We investigated reproducible research practices in experimental biology through a review of open data and analysis code associated with empirical studies on three debated paradigms and for unrelated studies published in leading journals in comparative physiology and behavioural ecology over the last 10 years. Nineteen per cent of studies on the three paradigms had open data, and 3.2% had open code. Similarly, 12.1% of studies in the journals we examined had open data, and 3.1% had open code. Previous research indicates that only 50% of shared datasets are complete and re-usable, suggesting that fewer than 10% of studies in experimental biology have usable open data. Encouragingly, our results indicate that reproducible research practices are increasing over time, with data sharing rates in some journals reaching 75% in recent years. Rigorous empirical research in experimental biology is key to understanding the mechanisms by which climate change affects organisms, and ultimately promotes evidence-based conservation policy and practice. We argue that a greater adoption of open science practices, with a particular focus on FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Re-usable) data and code, represents a much-needed paradigm shift towards improved transparency, cross-disciplinary integration, and consensus building to maximize the contributions of experimental biologists in addressing the impacts of environmental change on living organisms.

Energy targeting approach for optimum solar assisted ground source heat pump integration in buildings

Application of solar assisted ground source heat pumps (SAGSHP) in buildings have been increased in recent years. However, a systematic approach for integrating the optimum SAGSHP system in buildings in order to meet the space heating/cooling and the domestic hot water loads is still missing. A novel dynamic targeting approach is proposed. It can predict and guarantee the maximum possible direct and indirect heat recovery in a given building by introducing an interconnected network of heat exchangers (including ground heat exchanger) + energy storage (both electric and thermal energies) + heat pump (HP) + solar photovoltaic (PV) panels based on the real-time hot and cold composite curves (CCs). The main novelty of this approach consists in the fact that the dynamic building's loads and the time variation of renewable and waste sources of energies are included into the targeting procedure. The approach is applied to a multifamily test building, where the solar irradiance and building's heating and cooling demands are taken into account. In addition to the maximum heat recovery, the proposed approach computes the minimum area of the solar photovoltaic panels, the minimum volume of TES, and the minimum capacity of the electric energy storage for each representative day.

A holistic approach for assessing architectural integration quality of solar photovoltaic rooftops and shading devices

When used as building construction elements, photovoltaic (PV) systems can be multifunctional. Therefore, they can provide innovative envelope designs that impact energy consumption. PV integration can radically change the form of buildings and cities; thus, their architectural quality must be protected. This work evaluates the integration quality of PV systems, considering constructive, functional, and aesthetical (formal) aspects, contemplating performance criteria set by different stakeholders. The influences of PV integration on the energy performance of buildings, its energy generation, energy yield, Performance Ratio, economic viability, and aesthetical features are assessed. Widely used types of integration are contemplated: PV rooftops and PV shading devices. The approach is described in detail and uses the internationally adopted softwares EnergyPlus®, Rhino®, and PVsyst® to be broadly used by designers. Six case studies of a commercial building in low-latitude sites showed that PV building integration can be used as a strategy to reduce energy consumption, while keeping high energy generation performance, being economically viable, and respecting architecture. Results have emphasized the importance of assessing PV architectural integration quality, showing that a detailed analysis is essential to identify more advantageous situations.

Opportunities and challenges for integrating the development of sustainable polymer materials within an international circular (bio)economy concept

HighlightsThe production and consumption of commodity polymers have been an indispensable part of the development of our modern society. Owing to their adjustable properties and variety of functions, polymer-based materials will continue playing important roles in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)s, defined by the United Nations, in key areas such as healthcare, transport, food preservation, construction, electronics, and water management. Considering the serious environmental crisis, generated by increasing consumption of plastics, leading-edge polymers need to incorporate two types of functions: Those that directly arise from the demands of the application (e.g. selective gas and liquid permeation, actuation or charge transport) and those that enable minimization of environmental harm, e.g., through prolongation of the functional lifetime, minimization of material usage, or through predictable disintegration into non-toxic fragments. Here, we give examples of how the incorporation of a thoughtful combination of properties/functions can enhance the sustainability of plastics ranging from material design to waste management. We focus on tools to measure and reduce the negative impacts of plastics on the environment throughout their life cycle, the use of renewable sources for their synthesis, the design of biodegradable and/or recyclable materials, and the use of biotechnological strategies for enzymatic recycling of plastics that fits into a circular bioeconomy. Finally, we discuss future applications for sustainable plastics with the aim to achieve the SDGs through international cooperation.Leading-edge polymer-based materials for consumer and advanced applications are necessary to achieve sustainable development at a global scale. It is essential to understand how sustainability can be incorporated in these materials via green chemistry, the integration of bio-based building blocks from biorefineries, circular bioeconomy strategies, and combined smart and functional capabilities.Graphic abstract

A Simple Method for Optimal DNA Extraction from Different Filamentous Fungi Species Growing on Earthen Walls of ‘Vale Histórico Paulista’, São Paulo, Brazil

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe a new simple and efficient method of extracting DNA from filamentous fungi isolated from historical earthen walls. This method involves growing the mycelium on overlapping cellophane discs on solid medium and the disruption of the fungal cell wall by a combined action of liquid nitrogen and a lytic enzyme. The extraction is performed with the PureLink ™ Genomic DNA Mini Kit protocol from Pure Genomic. The full procedure can be completed in two hours. The new genomic DNA extraction protocol provided good quality and quantity of fungal DNA, from fungal mycelium, with an average yield of 27 ng/µL of DNA per sample. Purified DNA samples yielded 25 ng of DNA ready for sequencing. PCR amplifications of the DNA extracted using the new method were more successful than those extracted using the CTAB method. Thus this new extraction protocol is demonstrated to be an effective method for the identification of a wide range of filamentous fungal species that affect the integrity of buildings with earthen architecture.

Central Asia in modern integration economic processes

Subject. This article discusses the issues of cooperation between Russia and the countries of Central Asia in the field of investment. Objectives. The article aims to identify the most effective economic investment partner for building integration processes in Central Asia and identify the reasons for the strengthening of China's role in the economic development of the region. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis and the expert assessment method. Results. Based on the analysis of investment flows in the region, the article finds that the countries of the region are tending more to bilateral relation arrangement with China. Conclusions. The countries of Central Asia need to develop a unified strategy that takes into account their own national interests and the most acute problems, as well as determine the form of partnership both among themselves and with integration associations and other countries, especially with China.

Perovskite Solar Cells on Polymer‐Coated Smooth and Rough Steel Substrates

Fabricating efficient perovskite solar cells on steel substrates could enable easy building integration of this photovoltaic technology. Herein, an n–i–p perovskite solar cell is developed on steel substrates for top illumination. The optimized stack uses a Ti bottom electrode, covered with an indium tin oxide (ITO) interlayer and a SnO2 electron transport layer passivated by [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid. The active layer is a triple‐cation perovskite. A thermally evaporated tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine)/MoO3 bilayer acts as hole transport layer. The transparent top contact consists of ITO with a MgF2 antireflective coating. Optical analysis shows small parasitic absorption and reflectance losses for this stack, which provides 15.9% power conversion efficiency when fabricated on glass. On steel, covered with a polyamide imide planarization coating to moderate the surface roughness (R p), the highest efficiency is 15.2% for high‐gloss steel (R p ≈ 200 nm), 14.9% for battery steel (R p ≈ 500 nm), 14.2% for packaging steel (R p ≈ 1500 nm), and 13.8% for construction steel (R p ≈ 2500 nm). While the short‐circuit current density and open‐circuit voltage are invariant, the fill factor decreases with increasing R p due to increasing series resistance and decreasing shunt resistance. The yield of working devices remain high, also for the roughest substrates.

Thermal management analysis of PCM integration in building using a novel performance parameter - PCM effectiveness index

Integration of phase change material (PCM) in walls and roof of a building is done to augment human comfort at places where variation of local diurnal temperature of ambient air is extensive. An exhaustive tool to study on year-round thermal effect due to solar radiation falling on a building is generally required to identify the correct PCM and the portion of a year that warrants better thermal management. The transient behavior associated with PCM heat transfer through building roof and walls vary in accordance with location and orientation of the building and the prevailing seasons. Hence, it becomes necessary to carry out a detailed analysis with the integration of PCM layers and to collect information with suitable theoretical approach as experimental study on energy performance of a building is time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, a 3-D building model has been developed and analyzed using ANSYS FLUENT for performing CFD analysis for comparing two identical buildings with and without PCM located at Chennai. The PCM was integrated in roof and walls of the building and analysis was carried out for different days of the year. A novel concept of PCM effectiveness index is introduced to measure the thermal performance due to PCM integration in building. This novel concept is useful for building engineers to measure the effectiveness of PCM integration and to select the correct PCM for thermal management in buildings at any location and time of the year.

Empower Private Schools with High-quality Party Building to Promote High-quality Development

High quality party building is the political premise, fundamental guarantee and important driving force to achieve its high-quality development of colleges and universities; High quality development is the value goal, practical pursuit and key orientation of high-quality party building. Promoting the profound integration of party building and career development at colleges and universities is an inevitable requirement for running a socialist university with Chinese characteristics, and an important weapon for the integrated development of party building and business. Private colleges and universities are an important part of higher education. Thus, efforts should be made to actively explore an effective path for the profound integration of party building and career development, integrate party building into the development of colleges and universities, guide, serve and promote development with party building, and constantly create a new situation in which party building and career development in schools promote each other.

Grid Integration of DC Buildings: Standards, Requirements and Power Converter Topologies

Residential dc microgrids and nanogrids are the emerging technology that is aimed to promote the transition to energy-efficient buildings and provide simple, highly flexible integration of renewables, storages, and loads. At the same time, the mass acceptance of dc buildings is slowed down by the relative immaturity of the dc technology, lack of standardization and general awareness about its potential. Additional efforts from multiple directions are necessary to promote this technology and increase its market attractiveness. In the near-term, it is highly likely that the dc buildings will be connected to the conventional ac distribution grid by a front-end ac-dc converter that provides all the necessary protection and desired functionality. At the same time, the corresponding requirements for this converter have not been yet consolidated. To address this, present paper focuses on various aspects of the integration of dc buildings and includes analysis of related standards, directives, operational and compatibility requirements as well as classification of voltage levels. In addition, power converter configurations and modulation methods are analyzed and compared. A classification of topologies that can provide the required functionality for the application is proposed. Finally, future trends and remaining challenges pointed out to motivate new contributions to this topic.

Acoustic zoning for the safe use of explosives in the open pit

Rockfall in open pit mining using explosives is the most method of operation. Also, in addition to the technical and economic advantages, this method of extraction produces effects that can have a negative impact in the area near the quarry. The effects of the blasting are such as seismic waves that produce vibrations, air overpressure (noise), rock throws and toxic gases. If the intensity and extent of these effects are not properly anticipated and assessed, serious consequences can occur to people, civil / industrial buildings, the environment, thus affecting the health of the population and the stability / integrity of buildings / slopes in the vicinity of mining operations. The paper describes methods to assess the noise produced by the detonation of explosives for civilian use when removing rocks in the quarry, with the aim of ensuring a degree of disturbance acceptable to the population as well as for the protection of civil / industrial objectives in the area of mining. The obtained results are extracted from a research study carried out for the opening in operation of a new mining deposit, applying calculations and theoretical interpretations having as reference the conditions established for the development of the blasting works.

“Character Is the Most Important Thing in Soccer”—A Pilot Study on the Development and Effectiveness of a Character Building Program in High-Performance Youth Soccer

Background: Strength of character plays an important role in high-performance soccer. Yet little attention is paid to the character development of young athletes in most youth programs. Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the development of a new character building program and to evaluate its effectiveness on strength of character domains and implicit theories of intelligence and talent in a high-performance youth soccer club in Germany. Methods: A pre-post mixed-methods pilot study was conducted with 42 youth players. The intervention group (n = 14) was compared with a club-internal control group (n = 14) and one control group from an amateur soccer club setting (n = 14). The Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale was used to measure the player’s incremental beliefs about intelligence and talent and a new designed questionnaire was used to measure the strength of character. The quantitative analysis included Mann-Whitney-U and Wilcoxon tests. For the qualitative analysis, essays of the intervention group were thematically coded. Results: At baseline, the implicit theories of talent scores and the strength of character scores were higher in the intervention group compared with the amateur club players, whereas implicit theories of intelligence scores were non-significant. In the intervention group, scores on implicit theories of intelligence (p = 0.003) and strength of character (p = 0.004) were significantly higher at the end of the program compared with baseline. Conclusions: The character building intervention increased the incremental beliefs about intelligence and the strength of character in the young players of a high performance youth soccer club. These results are an important first contribution regarding the development and integration of character building in the context of professional youth soccer.

Research on "Double Leaders" Party Branch Cultivation Project to Promote the Double Integration

Taking private colleges and universities as the research object, this paper explores the key points of the construction of "double-belt branch" by digging and analysing the relevant documents of the first batch of national "double-belt branch" secretaries' studios, points out the problems existing in the cultivation of "double-leader" party branch in private colleges and universities, analyses the causes, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening party building and business promotion in private colleges and universities on the basis of summary and exploration. In order to better integrate the Party building work with teaching and scientific research work, do a good job in the "Head Goose Effect" project of Party branch secretaries, give full play to the fighting bastion of grass-roots Party organizations in colleges and universities, and promote the dual integration and promotion of grass-roots Party building and teaching and scientific research work in private colleges and universities.

An Eight-Core 1.44-GHz RISC-V Vector Processor in 16-nm FinFET

This work presents a RISC-V system-on-chip (SoC) with eight application cores containing programmable-precision vector accelerators. The SoC is built by using a generator-based design methodology, which enables the integration of open-source and project-specific building blocks to develop differentiated functionality. The digital component generators use Chisel, the analog component generators use the Berkeley Analog Generator (BAG), and the physical design flow is implemented with Hammer. The chip totals 125 M gates and is implemented in a 16-nm finFET process. The vector accelerator achieves peak energy efficiency per task of 209 half-precision, 92 single-precision, and 56 double-precision GFLOPs/W for a matrix multiplication kernel at 0.55 V and 339 MHz.