Building Construction Process Research Articles

Investigation of Vibration Characteristics during Various Building Construction Stages under Train Operations

In response to land use challenges, major urban centers have started implementing over-track building constructions above metro lines as a means of accommodating residents and workers. However, the continuous operation of trains can generate excessive vibrations that may negatively impact the overall living conditions for occupants residing in these structures. In this paper, vibration measurements were conducted on the soil and within a three-story frame structure building. Additionally, a three-dimensional finite element model of the track–soil–building was established. The wheel–rail contact force was incorporated as a dynamic load that varies with time to accurately simulate the vibration response induced by trains. According to the construction process of the over-track building, four construction stages were set up using the finite element model to study the impact of the construction stages on the vibration propagation from the soil to building structure. The results indicate that the presence of existing structures exerts a mitigating influence on soil vibrations. Pile foundation construction can effectively mitigate soil vibration to a significant extent. The findings provide references for the future development and design of over-track buildings.

A Computer Aided Wiring Scheme for Intelligent Building

To optimize the construction process of intelligent building, a new idea of computer-aided design of generic cabling system is proposed. In this paper, the design principle of generic cabling based on Auto CAD is studied. We expound the optimization theory of hierarchical star topology, and discuss the specific method to realize the shortest total length of the network. Then the overall process of computer-aided routing for intelligent buildings is provided, and the routing distribution algorithm of structured routing is also optimized. In the empirical analysis, it is tested by construction cases and the results show that this method can select the best scheme in the possible wiring route from the building group wiring subsystem. The building group wiring room to each building equipment room is optimized, which greatly improves the design efficiency of engineers and technicians and shortens the design cycle.

Pengaruh Clash Detection Pada Proses Perencanaan Biaya Pada Laboratorium PUT

One effort to avoid repetitive work due to errors in construction project planning can be detected from the start by implementing BIM (Building Information Modeling) which can carry out collision analysis (Clash detection) in each discipline of structural work, architecture, MEP and other disciplines. Before the existence of BIM, clashes that occurred in the building construction process were one of the factors causing work costs to increase. So implementing Building Information Modeling is one effort to avoid these problems. In this research, clash detection analysis will be carried out in the PUT Lab building in the structural, architectural and MEP work disciplines. The stages carried out in this research were first carrying out 3D Modeling using Autodesk Revit software on the PUT Lab building, then carrying out clash detection analysis using Autodesk Naviswork software and calculating the cost budget plan for each job affected by clash detection. After carrying out clash detection, clashes can be found that occur in the structural, architectural and MEP work disciplines which after calculating the budget plan can save work costs of up to 80 million rupiah.

Digital twin modeling method based on IFC standards for building construction processes

Intelligent construction is a necessary way to improve the traditional construction method, and digital twin can be a crucial technology to promote intelligent construction. However, the construction field currently needs a unified method to build a standardized and universally applicable digital twin model, which is incredibly challenging in construction. Therefore, this paper proposes a general method to construct a digital twin construction process model based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard, aiming to realize real-time monitoring, control, and visualization management of the construction site. The method constructs a digital twin fusion model from three levels: geometric model, resource model, and behavioral model by establishing an IFC semantic model of the construction process, storing the fusion model data and the construction site data into a database, and completing the dynamic interaction of the twin data in the database. At the same time, the digital twin platform is developed to realize the visualization and control of the construction site. Combined with practical cases and analysis, the implementation effect of the method is shown and verified. The results show that the method can adapt itself to different scenarios on the construction site, which is conducive to promoting application of the digital twin in the field of construction and provides a reference to the research of practicing digital twin theory and practice.

Digital twinning of building construction processes. Case study: A reinforced concrete cast-in structure

This paper summarizes the findings obtained during the development of information pipelines between a construction site and its corresponding digital twin. The case study is the construction of an office building in which independent information pipelines can track different aspects of the construction process and the aggregate result can assist managers in decision making in the form of a vaster entity: its digital twin. The digital twin prototype is designed as a recipient of information that mirror its physical building and its systems. The paper contributes with a real case in which these pipelines enable continuous monitoring and analysis of various basic parameters during construction. With a varied array of sensors installed, data was collected, organized and transmitted through a knowledge graph-based system to the digital twin dashboard. A dashboard is able to allocate many sources of data (from sensors, images or point clouds) but also, it helps visualizing data analysis that could help making informed decisions about the building during construction. The paper emphasizes the varied nature of data in construction sites as well as the importance of proper data channeling to enable multi-purpose, effective decision-making using the digital twin. Overall, the paper provides a real life insight that challenges massive implementation of digital twins within the existing construction sites for an office building. It also highlights its potential to improve productivity, resource efficiency, health and safety in construction environments. For this purpose, faced bottlenecks and challenges require refinements, more development and further research.

Construction Site Hazard Identification and Worker Adverse Reaction Monitoring Using Electroencephalograms: A Review

The construction process is a dynamic one, and the complexity of the working conditions and the high level of uncertainty make the construction industry the third most dangerous industry after mining and agriculture. And since the construction industry is vital to the development of a country, safety during construction is of particular importance. A great deal of research, studies and practices have been conducted to reduce potential risks and improve worker efficiency during the construction process. In recent years, with the rapid development of cognitive neuroscience and the integration of medical technology, various wearable monitoring devices have been widely used in the field of building construction for real-time monitoring of workers’ physical and mental conditions. Among them, the application of EEG (electroencephalogram) in the building construction process enables researchers to gain insight into the physical and mental state of construction workers while performing construction tasks. This paper introduces EEG technology and portable EEG monitoring equipment and summarizes its application in monitoring workers’ adverse reactions (emotion, fatigue, psychological burden, and vigilance) and construction hazard identification during the process of construction in recent years, which provides future EEG research in the field of building construction and construction site safety management.

Manini Connect: IoT for integrated building monitoring

Constructions are conceived today following multi-risk scenarios encompassing natural and anthropic hazards, in the context of a rapid climate change. Nevertheless, currently the monitoring of local demand and/or performance on specific buildings is very poor due to the absence of a praxis towards the installation and the management of sensors, dedicated to the performance of the whole building. This makes the post-event field surveys and damage mapping extremely difficult, and retrofit intervention timespans very long, with negative reflection over the resilience of the whole built heritage. Manini Connect is an innovative patented system providing a response to this issue through integrated monitoring of precast structures. Through a set of interconnected sensors, the system monitors the static and dynamic behavior of the structures during critical events (earthquakes, strong winds, heavy rainfalls, collisions, blasts, etc.) and thermo-hygrometric parameters inside/outside the building. Moreover, it can be coupled with sensors devoted to the monitoring of the air quality inside the building, the local production of energy from renewable sources, and the consumptions in terms of electricity, water, gas, waste, etc. Taking advantage of the production of precast structures in offsite permanent plants, some sensors and utilities are easily inserted in the columns and cast within them during the production phase, whilst other typologies are collected into an external box installed on the roof throughout the building construction process. The data are received in real-time by the dedicated internal control center of Manini Prefabbricati SpA, and, after the occurrence of an exceptional event is revealed by the overcoming of predetermined thresholds of demand parameters, the system sends alerts for check. The user has himself constant access to the data through a dedicated platform accessible from PC and other devices. This allows to set predictive retrofit/maintenance works in response to anomalies or damages detected by the system, as a function of the parameters archived from the structural design of each specific building.

Model Establishment and Detailed Design of Prefabricated Construction Using GSRevit

At present, the construction industry is changing the traditional architectural design mode and construction method, in order to ensure the quality of the project, save resources and reduce costs while building green buildings, energy saving and emission reduction. As a result, assembly building is becoming the mainstream of the current development of the construction industry. This paper takes an assembly residential building as an object to conduct an example study, discusses the assembly building construction process and its difficulties, and the results are favorable to provide reference for assembly building construction and related construction difficulties.

Research on the application mode of information technology in the course of deepening design of assembled concrete structures using OBE-CDIO as a framework

Abstract Assembly concrete deepening design, as an important part of the assembly building construction process, is an important direction for cultivating applied undergraduate talents. After studying the OBE-CDIO education model for a brief introduction, based on the course of deepening the design of assembly concrete structures, civil engineering students in an institution are investigated to carry out the degree of course identification, and the recovered data are analyzed for overall description and variability. The important teaching elements of information technology applications are then screened, and the ability of the sample students to match the teaching elements is measured. The OBE-CDIO framework-based teaching model was strengthened and the students’ level of course identity and competency match with teaching elements were assessed again after it was implemented. After the teaching practice was put into place, the overall level of student understanding of the course on improving the design of assembled concrete structures rose by 5.15 percent, and the matching level of skill for teaching elements based on the use of technology rose from 84.81% to 93.60%. The analysis shows that the teaching mode based on OBE-CDIO can promote the student’s ability to apply information technology while deepening their design of assembled concrete structures.

Технологии информационного моделирования для обеспечения производственной безопасности и снижения уровня травматизма в строительстве

Abstract. The construction industry has one of the highest levels of occupational injuries. Despite the fact that most of the incidents occur due to systematic violations of occupational health and safety, many of them could have been prevented by assessing the risks of such traumatic situations at the design stage. Given the multifactorial nature of the building construction process, it is impossible to solve the problem without the use of information modeling technologies — to fundamentally reduce the risk of industrial injuries in the construction industry at the design stage. Currently, BIM technologies have become the most widespread. However, the proposed software solutions do not always include blocks for assessing the consequences of work from the point of view of safety, taking into account occupational injuries when making certain design decisions. This article discusses the issues of occupational safety at construction sites, conducted a statistical analysis of occupational injuries in the construction industry and developed recommendations for the use of modern information modeling technologies to increase the level of personnel protection and assess the risks of traumatic situations at the stages of construction of buildings.

Application of BIM technology on the design and construction of prefabricated buildings

As the population and urbanization have continued to grow all over the world, the construction industry demands more efficient, and greener ways of building. In recent years, prefabricated buildings have attracted widespread attention as a new construction method. BIM technology is a crucial element in the realm of digital architectural design and construction. Its implementation can effectively enhance the support and optimization of the prefabricated building's design and construction process. This paper aims to explore the application of BIM technology in the design and construction stages of prefabricated buildings. Firstly, the utilization of BIM technology in prefabricated building design is expounded from three aspects of digital model construction, architectural collaborative design and architectural design optimization. Then, the implementation of BIM technology in prefabricated building construction is analyzed with regard to three aspects: development of construction plans, on-site management, and quality control. Subsequently, the application of BIM technology in the design of high-rise prefabricated buildings and the construction of prefabricated buildings is introduced in detail through case studies. The results show that the application of BIM technology can improve the design efficiency and construction quality of prefabricated buildings, and has a good application prospect.

A case study of quality control application with BIM-laser scanning collaboration in building construction process

Housing accounts for the largest share of the volume of the construction sector. Housing is the living space that people use on a permanent or temporary basis. Living space is also expected to have the desired quality. Quality requires construction in accordance with specified conditions and rules. In order to minimize possible errors in the design and construction process and to achieve the desired level of quality, continuous, scientific and instrumental controls are required. In recent years, with the rapid development of technology, methods have been developed that have achieved good results using integrated technology, which has begun to replace the quality controls performed by traditional methods. This new technology partnership called Building Information Modelling and Laser Scanning is described in this study. The aim of the study is to show that human error in building inspection can be minimized with the help of technology. In the study, a building was selected from a sample public housing project. Two dimensional projects of the building were converted into three dimensions using Building Information Modelling. In the current state of construction, point clouds were captured using laser scanning. The point clouds were converted to three dimensions. The construction defects were calculated by overlaying the BIM model with the real point cloud data. After checking, it was found that 2.2 % of the productions were defective productions. It was found that 97.8 % of the productions were within acceptable tolerance limits. The results obtained on a sample residential building demonstrate the importance of these new solutions for quality control and error-free production

Superplasticizing admixtures to control the heat of hydration of conventional concrete in urban buildings

A systematic review was carried out on the influence of superplasticizing admixtures for the control of the hydration heat of conventional concrete, focused on decision making in construction processes of urban buildings during the period 2012-2022, through the identification of research papers published in high impact indexed journals such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Tylor & Francis, Ebsco and Proquest. The study was carried out by applying certain search parameters that allowed the analysis of a total of 10 026 publications, which were organized according to their distribution by year of publication, country of origin, area of knowledge and type of publication. In this way, a bibliometric analysis was carried out, obtaining that, with 615 publications, China is the Asian country with the highest number of records during the period indicated, with the year 2021 being the period with the highest number of publications, 236 articles published. The area of knowledge with the highest number of bibliographic contributions was Engineering, with 44 % of the contributions. Once the information was organized through the necessary figures and tables, a bibliographic analysis was carried out taking into account some examples as contributions in the bibliography of some authors in each of the aspects studied, with the purpose of knowing their position on the proposed topic, concluding that: Through the use of superplasticizing admixtures it is possible to control the hydration heat of the concrete mix, reduce the amount of cement per m3, as well as, speed up the construction process on site.

Dust dispersion patterns during building construction processes: A multi-process simulation study

Dust, an inevitable by-product of the building construction process, poses significant hazards to both the residential environment and the health of construction workers. This study investigates the dispersion pattern of dust during core construction operations such as cutting, grinding, and drilling inside the building. A residential construction project on Chaoyang West Road in Huangdao District served as a model, and Ansys Fluent simulation software was used to predict dust transportation from multiple sources under varying wind directions and speeds. The results reveal that dust dispersion is most pronounced in the southeast wind direction, with concentration levels ranging from 9 to 15 mg/m3 and dispersion time extending up to 40 s. This finding indicates that the southeast wind direction significantly influences dust dispersion within the building structure. Examination of dust dispersion under different wind conditions shows that dust concentration at different heights in an open environment decreases markedly with increasing height. An in-depth analysis of the concentration curves at different heights and wind speeds within the primary pollution area, where the southeast wind is dominant, shows fluctuations in dust concentration at three heights under wind speeds of 5 m/s and 15 m/s; the dust concentration at these heights under a wind speed of 10 m/s exhibited a more pronounced downward trend. Compared with similar simulations studying construction dust dispersion, this study analyses the dust dispersion patterns in a variety of environments and accurately restores the transport patterns of dust from construction sites. The dust dispersion patterns deduced from the simulation provide crucial theoretical insights for effective dust management in the construction industry.

Research on Energy Efficiency and Carbon Reduction in the Construction Industry under the "Dual Carbon" Goal

This article focuses on the issue of building carbon emissions reduction in Jiangsu Province. Based on the building energy balance equation and the mathematical model of air conditioning work, weighted evaluation and principal component analysis methods are used to evaluate the energy efficiency of buildings, and the carbon emissions of the entire construction process in Jiangsu Province in 2023 are predicted. To achieve the "dual carbon" strategic goal, it is recommended that Jiangsu Province pay attention to the use of green and environmentally friendly materials and equipment in the design and construction process of low-carbon buildings, strengthen energy management and monitoring, encourage the use of renewable energy, improve building energy efficiency, and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. At the same time, the government should increase financial subsidies to support innovation in environmental protection technology and the development of low-carbon industries, promote the formation of a good atmosphere for society to participate in low-carbon energy conservation, and thus promote the sustainable development of the construction industry in Jiangsu Province.

A new integrated agent-based framework for designing building emergency evacuation: A BIM approach

Today, safety control is considered one of the most important pillars of building construction processes due to maintaining security in major incidents such as fire, earthquake, and flood, and placing a basis of mutual trust between builders and residents for building design and construction. The evacuation process is a key aspect of safety control in case of an emergency such as a fire. This study develops a new integrated agent-based framework for designing building emergency evacuation by using Building Information Model (BIM). Three main steps of the framework include data collection, building model development, and evacuation simulation with a combination of Revit-MassMotion. The methodology is demonstrated through its application to a real case of a multi-story commercial building located in Iran. The building model is simulated through three scenarios with a different number of floors (i.e., one, two, and three floors). In each scenario, the safety of evacuation is evaluated for three designs of stairs in the building. The results show the best performance of the building evacuation in all scenarios can be achieved when two individual stairs are designed for each floor. Other influential factors including the maximum density, vision time, and agent count are more acceptable compared to other design factors. These parameters can also be used to design a control system by using smart conceptual models based on both decision tree and auto-work break structure methods.

Structural assessment of the stalled building in Department of Industrial Engineering, Andalas University, Indonesia

The construction of the Industrial Engineering Department building is an effort to support the educational infrastructure at Andalas University. However, the building construction process was stopped because the contractor had terminated the contract (breach of contract) and it took a long time to continue the construction. Before that, a structural evaluation of the building structure should be conducted due to the update of the building standards. In this study, the structural evaluation was carried out by analyzing and modelling the building using ETABS v.18 software, as well as loading analysis on the building regarding current Indonesian building standards such as SNI 1726-2019 for earthquake resistance building design, SNI 2847-2019 for requirements of the structural concrete building and SNI 1727-2020 for building minimum design loads. The results of the analysis show that several structural beams did not have a strong enough capacity to withstand the working loads, where the ultimate moment and shear values due to the influence of acting loads were more than the nominal moments and shear values. Retrofitting of the weak structural beams using the CFRP wrapping method was recommended to improve the structural capacity of the building.

LCA of the NZEB El Salvador building, a model to estimate the carbon footprint in a tropical country

Life cycle assessment (LCA) in buildings is an objective process that evaluates the environmental burdens generated by their entire life cycle. In this way, it works as feedback to the building design and construction process, highlighting better choices of materials and construction systems, when evaluating decarbonization strategies. This article summarizes the findings from the implementation of an LCA in a net zero energy building (NZEB) located in El Salvador, Central America, on the campus of the Central American University. The assessment determined the carbon and energy impacts generated by the building, with an emphasis on its construction systems, throughout the life cycle. Two LCA methodologies were applied. The first one was a simulation by means of the SimaPro 9 software faculty version and the Ecoinvent database, under the cradle-to-grave approach. The second one was a calculation aided by an interactive table created by Bath University, United Kingdom, which is based upon the Carbon and Energy Inventory (ICE) utilized for calculating buildings' built-in impacts under the cradle-to-gate approach.The main results highlight the importance of using renewable energy as a building's energy source, to avoid and compensate for impacts generated by other stages of the life cycle, for instance, the stage of raw materials extraction and final materials production, which generate the most significant impacts, from both the energy and carbon equivalent perspectives. Therefore, materials selection becomes crucial for reducing or avoiding impacts within a building's structure throughout its useful life. Also, applying circular economy principles through the reuse and recycling of materials is fundamental to minimizing the life cycle impact of a building in this context.

:Architecture in Ancient Central Italy: Connections in Etruscan and Early Roman Building

:<i>Architecture in Ancient Central Italy: Connections in Etruscan and Early Roman Building</i>

SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF PREFABRICATED CORE STEEL TUBE REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS

AbstractPrefabricated assembly accelerates the building construction process. A primary concern related to prefabricated assembly is the increased fragility of the connection between precast members compared to cast‐in‐situ members. On the other hand, core steel tube reinforced concrete (CSTRC) columns are increasingly being used in high‐rise structures to provide effective axial and lateral force resistance. This study proposes a prefabricated core steel tube reinforced concrete (PCSTRC) column which capitalizes on both the strength of the CSTRC column and the advantages of precast manufacturing, as shown in Fig. 1. The connection is designed to guarantee the integrity of the whole column. Two full‐scale PCSTRC columns with varying axial loads and two controlled specimens, namely a monolithic CSTRC column and a conventional reinforced concrete (RC) column, were fabricated and tested under quasi‐static cyclic loading in order to investigate their seismic performance. The test results demonstrate that all the columns experienced typical flexure‐controlled failure, while the PCSTRC columns suffered less visual damage than the monolithic controlled specimens. The PCSTRC column performed satisfactorily in terms of strength, stiffness, ductility, and general hysteretic behavior and had significantly greater load‐carrying and energy dissipation capacities than the conventional RC column. In addition, there were no apparent differences between the capacities of the CSTRC and PCSTRC columns. As axial load increased, the deformation capacity of the PCSTRC column decreased. Overall, the proposed prefabricated composite column demonstrates good seismic performance and can be considered for use in building construction.