Building Style Research Articles

Physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete with incorporation of ceramic mold casting waste

In the lost-wax foundry industry large amounts of ceramic mold casting waste (CMCW) are disposed of in landfills, which not only pollutes the environment but also leads to the loss of secondary resources. On the other hand, with the improvement of building style and performance, the demand for lightweight concrete is also increasing. Therefore, we recycle CMCW into lightweight concrete for environmental and economic reasons. In this study, two types of expanded clay with different sizes (2–10 mm and 10–20 mm) were used as reference aggregates. From the results, it can be seen that the density of CMCW is about four times higher than that of expanded clay, and the water absorption in 24 h is 1/4 of expanded clay. Then, expanded clay was replaced with three different weight percentages (30%, 60%, and 80%) of CMCW to prepare new lightweight concrete, which was tested for workability. After curing for 28 days at 90% humidity, four compositions were tested for their physical and mechanical properties. Finally, the results showed that with increasing CMCW content, mechanical performance also increased. With 80% CMCW in the lightweight concrete, a density of 1998 kg/m3 and compressive strength of 36 MPa were achieved.

Thermal and sound performance of new PVC prefabricated wall panel with log home style

This prefabricated wall panel is utilized and assembled from PVC pipe 3” for facilitating transportation and assembling into a log home style building. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the thermal and acoustic performance of 4 types of wall composite materials as follows: 1) 3” PVC pipes panel, 2) Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) block 3) Single fiber cement panel 4) Double fiber cement panel with air cavitation core. Physical property testing is by means of measurements, weighing, observations from operations. Evaluation is done of the heat transfer (hot box) and sound acoustic performance (sound box) inside the manufactured test boxes. The test results show that the PVC pipes panel has great potential being lightweight and having long service life. It is easy and fast to work with, install and decorate. This wall panel has a heat insulating performance as good as an AAC block. It can insulate more sound than test materials except for AAC block.
 Therefore, the use of PVC pipe as a prefabricated wall panel is an extremely attractive option in the building industry.

Hausa vernacular architectural style of early Mosque buildings: A case stuy of Yandoka Street Moswue, JOS

This paper investigates the impact of modern and contemporary trends on an eighty-seven years’ old mosque in Jos built in the typical Hausa Vernacular Architectural style, as well as the extent to which its vernacular features have been lost and/or retained. The study focused on selected architectural features which do not essentially affects the performance of the primary mosque's functions. A qualitative survey was adopted using case study approach and complemented with content analysis of related literature reviewed to extract information on the challenges of restoration and preservation or conservation of the key features of traditional Hausa Architecture on the Mosque buildings in the study area of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria from the randomly selected traditional/indigenous builders and practicing architects. The Yandoka Street Mosque was purposively selected as a case study, because of its historical antecedence, religious and communal attachment, as well as its socio-political and cultural relevance in the study area. Information was collected using the unobtrusive observation method and were descriptively presented in the form of layout plan, material deduction, construction techniques and technology adopted for the mosque’s construction. Findings shows that, the influence of the identified key factors have become a threatening phenomenon to the survival of the preservation and conservation historical values and heritages of Hausa mosque architectural style. The paper advocates preservation and conservation of the original mosque architectural style from the point of view of sustainability and made recommendations towards the preservation, development and execution of strategies for branding, national identity and protection of value systems for the public good

An ethno-archaeological approach to the study of log: An ancient circular domestic installation in bent, the Iranian Baluchistan

This study reports on the preliminary results of an ethnoarchaeological project and presents direct evidence for the use of log, that is, circular domestic installations. It, therefore, helps to better identify, understand and interpret such archaeological evidence. This study is based on ethnoarchaeological research in rural households in the Iranian Sistanian highlands. The conceptual framework of this research is based on ethnography and archaeology, which includes theoretical and methodological aspects of comparing ethnographic and archaeological data. The work is based in Bent; a small region located about 20 km northwest of Nikshahr in southcentral Sistan, Iran. Research focuses on various aspects of traditional building styles to identify and interpret the nature and development of the architecture of the ancient sedentary community in this part of Iran. Fieldwork includes archaeological surveys, interviews and direct ethnographic observations to document the log, utilizing circular domestic architecture to examine these activities in archaeological assemblages in the area.

Research on the residential buildings forms of kaiping diaolou and villages in guangdong province

Looking at the residential buildings of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages in Guangdong province, they show a strong cultural exchange between Western and Chinese architectural styles. In order to understand the characteristics of the residential buildings of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages in Guangdong province in the forms and decorative patterns, to explore the characteristics of the spatial layouts and decorative patterns, this study takes the residential buildings of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages in Guangdong province as the objects of study, respectively, to explore the architectural style, spatial layouts and patterns of the residential buildings of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages in Guangdong province. This research process uses documentary analysis, rooting theory, 10 traditional residential buildings as samples, including the analysis of the building facade and internal furniture and other decorative patterns, the extraction of the key words of the architectural features of the residential buildings of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages in Guangdong province, such as architectural elements, decorative patterns, architectural style, auspicious meaning and other terms, so as to derive "patterns integration" of the shape features, and analyze the patterns and decorative arts of the composition of the characteristics, and finally draws to the conclusion that the forms and patterns of the residential buildings of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages in Guangdong province are interrelated, complementary to each other as a whole relationship.

Life cycle assessment of stone buildings in the Taihang mountains of Hebei province: Evolution towards cleaner production and operation

The building sector has gained significant attention due to its remarkably high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In China's rural areas, stone is a popular building material, but there are unprecedented demands to improve the life-cycle performance of stone buildings. It is essential to preserve the original architectural features while evolving towards a cleaner production and operation. This study implements a field survey in the Taihang Mountains of Hebei province. The improvement of stone extraction methods and the evolution of three stone wall styles are collected and developed. Thermal transmittances of three stone walls are measured and modeled. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment is conducted, and the results are compared to show their environmental performance in the embodiment and operation phases. Their life cycle inventories, including stone extraction, are developed. One representative building style sample is developed for the cooling and heating energy requirement simulation in the DesignBuilder. Based on the inventories, conducting life cycle impact assessment shows various environmental profiles in their whole life cycles. From the outcomes, the stone cladding wall (SCW) outperforms the other stone walls in both the embodiment and operation phases. However, its relatively high cost is a challenge for an individual house owner. This study proves the SCW is more sustainable, providing a basis for the choice of stone wall style in the future construction.

Sustainable Architectural Pluralism Through Contemporary Architectural Design

Architectural pluralism is an architecture that would adopt the ‘localcharacter’, which is not only concerned with the geographical aspects but also theoblique way of life (the historical and cultural forces). While contemporaryarchitecture is a term used to describe the current architectural styles present intoday’s architecture; it is usually a form of construction that represents a wide rangeof building styles and designs originated or inherited from various influences.Considering the previous, this research aim is to investigate how pluralisticarchitecture could be found in contemporary architecture through implementingsustainability and its relation to the design morphology adopted by othercontemporary architectural themes. It is intended to discuss different themes ofcontemporary architecture and highlight their design characteristics throughanalysis of 3-case studies that were presented to discuss in depth the features ofthese two themes. The study special focused on their contribution to providing asustainable environment. The findings of this study indicated that pluralism inarchitecture is highly present in contemporary architecture, toward coping withcommunity changes.

NEGATIVE IMPACT OF ACOUSTICS ON THE EXTERNAL BARRIER STRUCTURES OF THE ARK FORTRESS

This article provides a broad understanding of the fact that architectural monuments remain under man-made influences, different from natural ones, and measures to simulate these influences. Each architectural monument has a specific building style of its time. It was observed that the outer barrier structures of the Ark fortress fell under the influence of man-made, leading to the destruction of their structures. Accordingly, it is illuminated that the objects of the architectural monument are not an optimal solution to the surroundings and protected areas for conducting cultural and educational events.

Learning from Tradition for Future: Green Building in Kano State, Nigeria

Green building can be considered as a building design through a method that is environmentally friendly in both construction, usage and energy consumption. Culture is yet to be included into the sustainable development pillars making it the fourth pillar of sustainability after social, economic and environmental aspects. Traditional Architecture can be regarded as beliefs, customs, or ways of life (culture) in building construction that have existed for a long period and involve the art of designing, planning, and traditional building style. These traditional buildings were copied and used in contemporary buildings in Kano state, Nigeria. Therefore, most of the contemporary building design and structure has their roots in a traditional building. Nigeria’s traditional buildings across the country were affected by climate and landform all over the geographical zones, which were recognised to demonstrate a detailed solution to the building’s culture, socio-economic, local technology and climatic condition of the environment. This study compares the past and the current building style based on the façade or floor-plan pictures, and green or sustainable building using relevant kinds of literature of Hausa traditional building around Kano state. It is concluded that Hausa traditional architecture should not be forgotten, rather it should be encouraged and improved based on green sustainable features, traditions and enhance the durability of the building materials. It is recommended that culture should be include into the pillars of sustainability so as to make sustainability complete especially in the field of building construction. Lastly, further research is recommended in order to explore ways of improving the quality of the local building materials and the methods used during the construction process.

Architecture of the workers' settlement of the Kuibyshev metallurgical plant in the 1950s

The history of construction and features of the architectural and planning organization of the workers' settlement Metallurg, which was formed near the industrial district of Bezymyanka on the basis of the largest metallurgical plant in the 1950s, are considered. Its architecture reflected the features of Stalinist architecture and corresponded to the prevailing guidelines of that time for the development of the classical heritage. As a result, another version of the socialist city was implemented, based on attaching workers to production. The planning organization of the working settlement was based on the identification of the main highway with social and consumer services, the quarterly principle of residential development with courtyard spaces, and a single style of buildings.

Multiscale structural analysis of an Epiligurian wedge-top basin: insights into the syn- to post-orogenic evolution of the Northern Apennines accretionary wedge (Italy)

Wedge-top basins represent useful tectonic elements for the characterisation of the evolution of their underlying accretionary wedge in space and time, as their final state of deformation sums up the bulk shortening and structural instability conditions of the wedge. Here, we present the geometric and kinematic patterns of deformation structures deforming the wedge-top Epiligurian basins of the Northern Apennines (Italy). Our main goals are to generate an evolutionary model to account for the syn- to post-orogenic evolution of the Epiligurian basins and to infer the building style of the Northern Apennines wedge during continental collision. Mesoscale structural analysis shows that common and widely distributed thrust and normal fault arrays deform the entire Epiligurian stratigraphic succession infilling the broadly E-vergent wedge-top basins. Thrusts are invariably cut by later NW–SE and NE-SW-striking normal and oblique fault systems characterised by fault planes that mutually intersect at all scales to form polygonal patterns. Remote sensing analysis of the tectonic structures affecting the Epiligurian formations confirms the variable orientation of both thrusts and normal faults within the different studied stratigraphic successions. As a whole, results suggest a polyphase tectonic evolution of the Epiligurian wedge-top basins during the widening of the Northern Apennines accretionary wedge towards the foreland by frontal accretion. The recognised main phases are: (i) syn-orogenic compression accommodating overall tectonic transport towards the eastern quadrants; (ii) post-orogenic extension genetically related to the extension of the inner zone of the Northern Apennines; (iii) more recent extension forming collapse-induced normal faults spatially arranged in polygonal patterns.

Effect of Load and Prospect on High-Rise Buildings

With the acceleration of urbanization, high-rise buildings have become the most familiar buildings in the city because of many advantages such as a small footprint and good lighting. However, due to the height of high-rise buildings, they are particularly affected by transverse loads, such as wind load and earthquake load. To have a better understanding of high-rise buildings, this paper discusses the central structural systems of high-rise buildings. And explains the influence of wind load and earthquake load on high-rise buildings. The main structural styles of high-rise buildings include frame structure, shear wall structure, frame-shear wall structure, and tube structure. Frame structure weight of small but large displacement, shear wall structure integrity but less space, frame - shear wall structure is the advantage of the two, and frame tube structure has strong ability to resist lateral but considerable weight. The randomness of wind load leads to unstable vibration of high-rise buildings. The weakest link of high-rise buildings under seismic load appears at the beam-column joints. Future high-rise buildings will pay more attention to humanistic significance while considering safety. This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of several primary forms of high-rise buildings at present, and analyzes the influence of wind load and earthquake load on high-rise buildings, which has specific guiding significance for the safety research of high-rise buildings.

“That Is Still our Tradition but in a Modern Form, but it Still Tells our Story”: Transitions in Buildings in Northern Ghana

ABSTRACT Traditional building practices, which are typically regarded as repositories of heritage and material culture, are undergoing significant transitions in northern Ghana. This transition is evident in the use of building materials other than locally accessible traditional materials. These transitions are driving creativity and innovation as households strive for continuity of tradition, while at the same time ensuring the sustainability of their buildings. This article analyses the architectural traditions and building practices in northern Ghana using the building work and commentaries of the people of Gbabshe in peri-urban Tamale as a case study. The results show that building practices are transitioning because of environmental changes, migration, wealth accumulation and access to modern building materials and technology. As the peri-urban community becomes urbanised, the people encounter “modern” building styles which are appropriated into their traditional architecture, resulting in a hybridisation of architecture. The innovative tendencies and philosophical continuities of these builders, and the desire to achieve sustainable buildings and the hybridisation of architecture, has implications for the future of earth buildings’ relevance, resilience, sustainability, and sociocultural significance in people’s everyday lives.

Retraction Note: Research on the mechanism and influence factors of urban style building based on cloud computing logistics information

Retraction Note: Research on the mechanism and influence factors of urban style building based on cloud computing logistics information

Experiencing art in city space on the example of the environment of the Galeria Labirynt in Lublin

Art in public space is still untapped potential. The garden at ‘Labirynt’ Gallery is an opportunity to publish a work of art and a place for a wide range of artistic activities. Here, access to works will be free and universal, and the art exhibited in public space will enter into a dialogue with the viewer. The design concept was influenced by the terrain, the existing vegetation, and the gallery building style. A new communication system, elements of small architecture, plantings, and illuminations were designed. The design of the Gallery’s surroundings was to make the facility recognizable and friendly.

Penerapan Elemen Menara Pada Bangunan Bergaya Art Deco Di Medan

The characteristics of a building style and its character are shaped by some of its architectural elements. One of these architectural styles is an Art Deco-style building that has its own character. This style first appeared in 1925 and developed until 1940. This European architectural style was adopted in various American buildings due to their condition in the time of the industrial revolution. The modern architectural movement that developed at that time also influenced the art deco style and gave it a modern touch. The Art Deco style in graphic design restores again decorativism but not necessarily in the form of ornaments. Decorative impressions can be achieved through the play of elements geometric, typographic blocks, textures and shades of color. Art Deco style has characteristics that are very distinctive and easily distinguished from other architectural styles. Art deco still exists in the spirit of medan city development as place of research evidenced by the many old buildings that are repurposed as well as new buildings that take the characteristics of Art Deco. One of them is the use of tower elements or one part of the building that rises slightly upwards and gives a magnificent impression.

Brand Awareness Kampung Bali Di Kota Bekasi

The Kampung Bali in Bekasi City has now begun to be known for its characteristics and ornaments as well as a building style that is very thick with Balinese nuances. That is why, now Kampung Bali has begun to be visited by many local officials and journalists from online media and television to see firsthand the sustainable Balinese culture in Kampung Bali. This study suggests how the brand awareness efforts of Kampung Bali in Bekasi City are. This study uses a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive method. As the informants of this research are the residents who manage from the village of Bali. The results in this study suggest three things, namely where in an effort to establish brand awareness of Kampung Bali in Bekasi City through the preservation of Balinese culture which is carried out in daily activities. Furthermore, Kampung Bali also received support from the government in the form of a statement and also legality that explained that Kampung Bali was a tourist destination. The next thing to do is to use digital media in building brand awareness of Kampung Bali in Bekasi City.

A Robust Automatic Method to Extract Building Facade Maps from 3D Point Cloud Data

Extracting facade maps from 3D point clouds is a fast and economical way to describe a building’s surface structure. Existing methods lack efficiency, robustness, and accuracy, and depend on many additional features such as point cloud reflectivity and color. This paper proposes a robust and automatic method to extract building facade maps. First, an improved 3D Hough transform is proposed by adding shift vote and 3D convolution of the accumulator to improve computational efficiency and reduce peak fuzziness and dependence on the step selection. These modifications make the extraction of potential planes fast and accurate. Second, the coplane and vertical plane constraints are introduced to eliminate pseudoplanes and nonbuilding facades. Then, we propose a strategy to refine the potential facade and to achieve the accurate calibration and division of the adjacent facade boundaries by clustering the refined point clouds of the facade. This process solves the problem where adjoining surfaces are merged into the same surface in the traditional method. Finally, the extracted facade point clouds are converted into feature images. Doors, windows, and building edges are accurately extracted via deep learning and digital image processing techniques, which combine to achieve accurate extraction of building facades. The proposed method was tested on the MLS and TLS point cloud datasets, which were collected from different cities with different building styles. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method decreases computational burden, improves efficiency, and achieves the accurate differentiation of adjacent facade boundaries with higher accuracy compared with the traditional method, verifying the robustness of the method. Additionally, the proposed method uses only point cloud geometry information, effectively reducing data requirements and acquisition costs.

An integrating contextual approach using architectural procedural modeling and augmented reality in residential buildings: the case of Amman city

In architecture, context term refers to the surrounding area in which the building is situated. Context is crucial in architectural theory and practice when developing architectural vocabulary. Creating harmony with historic context amidst expanding development has been a primary concern and focus of designers since the mid-twentieth century. Contextualism theory refers to the interaction between new buildings and their surroundings, as well as the challenge of integrating new and existing structures to establish congruence and continuity. When using a contextual design method, an analysis of traditional architectural style has a considerable impact on a designer’s decision-making process (Lambe and Dongre, 2019). In this study, a general framework is proposed, which integrates shape grammar-based procedural modeling and augmented reality technology to create a harmonious environment through the generation of new designs based on the grammar of the existing architectural style of the residential buildings in Amman city without limiting the designer’s creativity of order to address the issue of Western architectural movements influencing the architectural style in Amman, which is incompatible with the city’s identity and it’s context. This approach was tested on a group of University of Jordan students, and the results were evaluated using a machine learning model. The effectiveness of this method was discovered, and it can be regarded as a step toward achieving spatial congruence.

The Effectivity of Revitalization of Sarinah Building with The New Functions as De Braga by Artotel Hotel

Braga street known as the old town historical area with colonial building style in Bandung. Braga was an abandon area with poor environment and historical degradation a cause for concern. Many buildings unused and most of this change its functions not as expected that increase the negative perception for Braga area. The effort have been made by the Government and concerned community organizations to restore the existence of the Braga area, accompaned with the legal of cultural heritage area. The Braga area began to be revitalized, in colaborate with many participant including the private sector. One of the revitalized is Sarinah Braga Building. The building was previously a bustling fashion store in the 1970s until finally closed in 1990, was abandoned for more than 10 (ten) years, and has been converted into a boutique hotel with an Art Deco concept. Hotel de Braga consisting of 2 (two) masses, the podium mass which is the ground floor to the 3rd floor, and the tower area 4th to 14th floor. As an adaptation of the regulations, the front building is maintained, with the 'sarinah' sign still being left attached to the wall. Using the mixed methods research, this research performed by analyzing phenomena, conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. From the results of the study, it has found that the physical aspect of the revitalization of the Sarinah building with the new function of Hotel de Braga has met the requirements and achieved a satisfactory level of success. In social, economic, and institutional aspects, the results are still things that need to be improved in terms of empowering the surrounding community, green planning, and the regulation that related of both in the Braga area.