Bug River Valley Research Articles

THE IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE QUIT-RENT REFORM IN 1886 IN BUG HOLLÄNDERS’ COLONIES

The implementation of the quit-rent reform of 1886 in «maternal» (Neudorf and Neubrov) and «subsidiary» Bug Holländers’ colonies within the territory of the Brest-Litovsk county, Hrodna province in the second half of the 60s. XIX – the first half of the 10th. XX centuries is described in the article. Evidence about quit-tenants fighting for their land rights is provided. The implementation of the reform in Bug Holländers settlements is considered as an example of elimination of the quit-land law in the region of the West and Belarusian regions. It is proved, that the implementation of the reform changed the status of the Bug Holländers from eternal rural quit-tenants to the land owners. The impact of the reform implementation on maintaining the evidence about the conditions of the Bug Holländers’ settlement in the West Bug River valley and their legal status throughout the centuries is characterized.

Notes on the distribution, food plants and morphology of Chlorophanus C. R. Sahlberg, 1823 species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Turkey

Chlorophanus vittatus Schoenherr, 1832, known from the Caucasus and northern Iran, is here newly reported from eastern Turkey. Salix L., Populus L., Tamarix L. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. are revealed as host plants of adults in Turkey. Feeding and mating behavior of adults were observed on leaves of G. glabra during the summer period in the Aras River valley. The lectotype of Ch. vittatus is designated, description and digital photographs of the genitalia are presented based on newly collected material. Distributional data for Ch. vittatus, Ch. excisus (Fabricius, 1801) and Ch. pollinosus (Fabricius, 1792) in Turkey are reported, the latter species is also recorded from Turkey for the first time. Chlorophanus flavescens (Fabricius, 1787) is deleted from the list of the Iranian fauna, and Ch. excisus, from the list of the Russian fauna. Characteristic ecological and distributional features of the genus Chlorophanus C. R. Sahlberg, 1823 are discussed, and notes on the riparian habitats in Turkey are given to attract attention to the necessity of their preservation. As a fragile member of the riparian insect species complex, a weevil, Corimalia aliena (Faust, 1890), formerly known only from Central Palaearctic, is reported for the first time from Turkey where it was found on Myricaria sp. in Erzurum Province. Chlorophanus excisus co-occurs with Ch. vittatus in eastern Turkey and western Iran, or at least their ranges overlap there. These two species contribute to the maximum local Chlorophanus diversity in Erzincan and Erzurum provinces. Chlorophanus micans is recorded in Crimean Mountains and Southern Bug River valley indicating a potential current contact between Ch. micans and Ch. pollinosus in Podolian Upland.

Палеогеографічні та фізико-хімічні дослідження ґрунту в межах античного полісу Ольвія

The publication presents the results of the palaeosols study within the antic polis of Olvia, which was located within the Dnieper-Bug estuary near the modern village of Parutino (Mykolaiv region). Field palaeogeographic research was conducted here in 2007 (Zh. Matviishyna, O. Parkhomenko) and in 2021 (A. Kushnir). During the archaeological research, several soil profiles were investigated, their macromorphological analysis was made, and soil samples were taken. The micromorphological analysis and soil analysis were carried out for the content of biogenic elements along genetic horizons at the stage of laboratory research. The results of the palaeopedological analysis indicate that full-profile Chestnut soils salinized or Salinized soils were formed on the watersheds, and on the lower terraces in the South Bug River valley – dark Chestnut salinized soils or Southern chernozems salinized. The physical-chemical composition of the soil is demonstrated primarily its alkaline character and relatively homogeneous concentration of individual chemical elements. General palaeopedology research indicates that soil cover could be a favourable factor in urbanization processes in this area in Classical Antiquity.

U-Pb isotopic geochronology of the monazite gneisses of the «zelenolevadivska suite» of the Middle Bug region

On the right bank of the South Bug river valley, opposite the village of Zelena Levada crystalline rocks are observed in separate scattered rock outcrops, more than 1 km long along the river bed. A bundle of hypersthene-biotite and biotite plagiogneisses is exposed here, which in some areas has undergone calishpatization, manifested in the form of unevenly placed porphyroblasts of potassium feldspar, thin veins of quartz-feldspar composition and migmatization. Gneisses are dissected by single veined and lenticular bodies of granites. The gneiss pack is assigned to the Zelenolevada stratum of the Dniester- Bug series. The section is considered to be a stratotype for the Zelenolevada Formation. So far, the following values of isotopic ages have been obtained for monazites from microclinized plagiogneiss and from a lenticular body of granite exposed in this area — 2031.5 ± 6.7 million years and 2030.3 ± 1.7 million years, respectively. This publication presents the dating results of monazites from calishpatized plagiogneiss. microclination is manifested in the formation of thin veins composed of quartz+microcline+plagioclase+ biotite and porphyroblasts of microcline. Optical studies of polished sections of zircon crystals revealed that the crystals of this mineral have a complex structure, they are formed by heterogeneous, often with rounded contours, light pink (brownish pink) cores and shells of milky white zircon. The presence of heterogeneous, including cores with rounded (rolled) cores indicates the primary-sedimentary (volcanogenic-sedimentary) nature of plagiogneiss. According to the results of uranium-lead isotope dating of multigrain samples of monazite, the age of monazite (weighted aver- age value based on the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ratio) is 2031.5 ± 2.7 million years.

The reasons for choosing a leisure destination in the rural areas of the Bug river valley as per tourists` opinion

The aim of the study was to identify factors that may determine the choice of leisure destination as a form of tourism in the rural areas of the Bug River Valley. The analysis of these factors also considered the nationality of the people surveyed. A total of 148 people took part in the study: 73 of Polish nationality (45 women and 18 men) and 75 foreigners, mainly Belarusians (51 women and 24 men). It was found that Polish tourists most often chose to spend leisure time in guesthouses/hotels or the houses of friends and family, while international tourists rest mainly in the houses of friends and family. Regardless of their nationality, the majority of tourists were satisfied with their stay in selected facilities, highly rating the communication, accommodation, catering and cycling routes and trails. The factors determining the choice of their place of stay, irrespective of nationality, were peace and quiet, attractive surroundings and convenient location. Respondents rested most frequently with family or friends. Polish tourists preferably used catering from the owners of holiday facilities, while foreigners cooked their own meals.

Trifolium vesiculosum (Fabaceae) in Ukraine: a new find and historical overview

Trifolium vesiculosum is listed in the current floristic inventories as a species native to Ukraine. In order to clarify the native versus alien status of this taxon, we studied historical and recent literature and herbarium data.We also report here our new record of the species. We found T. vesiculosum in 2020 in Mykolayiv Region (Mykolayiv District, Andriivka village, on the alluvial terrace of the Southern Bug River valley), in a disturbed habitat with predominantly synanthropic and alien species. Previous finds of T. vesiculosum in Ukraine were reported mainly in publications of the 19th century and were based on a few herbarium specimens from the present-day territory of Odesa Region. Due to characteristics of these records, dates and localities of the finds of T. vesiculosum in Ukraine, we have traced its probable introductions during the 19th century in the port of Odesa, on the sand deposits of the Danube River, in the German settlements, and therefore we can confirm the conclusion of Paczoski (1921) who assumed the alien status of the species in Ukraine. Thus, T. vesiculosum is classified as a kenophyte (introduced before 1808). Taking into account the current climatic changes in Ukraine, we emphasize the need for further monitoring of the species, changes in its dispersal strategy, and for registration of its introduction and dispersal pathways.

The effect of geological channel structures on floodplain morphodynamics of lowland rivers: A case study from the Bug River, Poland

In this paper, we analyse the significance of alluvial substrates in shaping the morphodynamics of the bottom of a lowland river valley. The research focus was a 20-km reach of the Bug River valley, an example of a large river in the Polish Lowlands. There are no anthropogenic elements in the valley that can disturb the course of natural river processes. The Bug River channel has not been engineered in the section analysed.Eighty-one geological drillings performed in the channel allowed identification of 11 zones of sub-alluvial bedrock protrusions built up from erosion-resistant deposits. The determination of the valley bottom surface morphology was based on high-resolution multispectral satellite images in natural and near-infrared colours. Geological and geomorphological mapping of the valley bottom surface were also carried out.The obtained results showed that the key factors controlling the morphodynamics of this floodplain are protrusions of sub-alluvial bedrock. Under medium- and low-flow conditions, these are hidden under a layer of channel deposits. However, during high flows, the surface of the protrusions is exposed, affecting the pattern of flood flows and forcing them to enter the floodplain in certain, recurrent zones. The result of such phenomenon is the creation of characteristic sets of accumulative and erosive landforms. Thirteen types of such forms have been identified. The presence of sub-alluvial bedrock protrusions in this river channel has promoted formation and persistence of ice jams (confirmed by analysis of hydrograms from 1969 to 2018).The case presented in this paper shows that the certain arrangement of landforms indicate morphodynamic specificity of valley bottom whose alluvial substratum exerts an influence on flood flows. Since protrusions of alluvial substrate is associated with glacial genesis of the area cut by the Bug River, the described phenomenon may also occur in other postglacial areas.

Morphological and geochemical record of historical erosion on the example of small alluvial and deluvial fans accumulated on the Bug River terraces in the Neple area (Podlasie Lowland, eastern Poland)

The gullies in the vicinity of Neple (Podlaska Lowland, eastern Poland) are relatively young and were created due to the land use and climate changes. The aim of the research was to determine the variability of selected alluvial-diluvial fans occurring in the Bug River valley and their age using interdisciplinary methods (e.g. absolute dating, geochemical analyzes, cartographic data). Geological mapping and several drillings (both within the fans, valleys or gullies bottoms and glacial or fluvioglacial plateaus) were done. Historical data dealing with the human economic activity in the region were analyzed. The obtained radiocarbon dating and geochemical features of sediments building the alluvial and diluvial fans proved that these forms are not older than some 500 years. Due to the lateral movement of the Bug River channel only some of the forms are preserved in the area under study. The rest of them disappeared due to the fluvial erosion.

Environmental implications of potamophases duration and concentration period in the floodplain lakes of the Bug River valley

The Bug River, in the section between Dorohusk and Włodawa (part of the eastern UE border), is one of the last remaining natural rivers in Europe. Thus, its abundance of floodplain lakes (FPL) in that part constitutes an area which preserves biodiversity. This study presents an analysis of potamophases duration and the Potamophases Concentration Index (PCI) in 20 floodplain lakes in the multi-year period 1952–2014. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, Tukey test), as well as a correlogram approach were used to perform statistical analyses. Among the lakes, few differed significantly from the others; more often, differences between years, in terms of both potamophase duration and PCI, were found. This proved that time is more important than space in shaping river valley hydrology. Cumulative values of the study indices, presented in a correlogram, showed that both potamophase duration and the period of potamophase concentration determine the water quality of a floodplain lake, expressed as the hydro-chemical type. In floodplain lakes with short potamophases concentrated at the beginning of a hydrologic year, water quality typical for interzonal lakes was observed; in floodplain lakes with the longest potamophases with their concentration at the end of a hydrologic year, ionic concentrations typical of extrazonal lakes occurred, whereas in lakes with a potamophase duration close to the average value and a spring concentration of floods, intermediate water quality was observed, typical of mixozonal lakes. A sound knowledge of floodplain lake functioning is crucial to maintaining the biodiversity of river valleys due to the lake's natural water and nutrient storage capacity.

Characteristics of selected aspects of activities of agritourism farms in the Bug valley in the province of Lubelskie

The article presents characteristics of selected aspects of activities undertaken by agritourism farms, including forms of recreation in rural communes situated along the Bug River in the province of Lubelskie, with special emphasis on what farm owners regard as barriers to and enablers of agritourism and eco-tourism. Information used in the study was collected in a survey carried out in 2018 in communes located in the Bug River valley in three provinces: Lubelskie, Podlaskie and Mazowieckie, which involved 99 owners of agritourism farms, classified either as conventional or organic, or undergoing conversion from conventional to organic production. It was found that hiking, cycling and walking were the most frequently chosen forms of leisure activities. According to the respondents, the development of agritourism in the Bug River Valley is most enabled by the region’s natural values, especially the peace and quiet provided by the area, while the fear of investing and the lack of financial resources are the biggest barriers to such development. The results of the study reveal differences and similarities in the perception of agritourism and ecotourism by owners of farms in the Bug valley in Lubelskie Province compared to the whole sample including two other provinces .The development of rural tourism in Lubelskie Province is hampered by the seasonality of the offering, no habit of weekend recreation and, generally, the low popularity of this form of recreation.

THE PRECONDITIONS OF MODERN LANDSCAPES FORMING BETWEEN WESTERN BUG, RATA AND SOLOKIA RIVERS (Part 2)

Actual problems of origin, formation, anthropogenic transformation and disappearance modern geosystems between Western Bug, Rata and Solokiya rivers are considered. Special attention devoted to formation conditions research of Yastrubetska Delta as uncharacteristic for region of the Western Bug river valley. Based on retrospective-geographic analysis of literature and cartographic sources of the XVIII–XX centuries are traced stages of the Yastrubetska delta geosystems development and surrounding landscapes of between-river basin. In the second part of article analyzes the large-scale (1 : 25,000) cartographic works, in particular, the Austrian maps of the Third Topographic Survey (1869–1887), the Polish maps of the Military Geographical Institute (1929–1939) and the USSR Soviet General Staff maps (1968–1989). An overview of last three of five historical and geographical stages topographic maps made it possible to investigate and interpret conditions of Small-Polissya landscapes functioning and development in second half of XIX-th – second half of XX-th centuries. Maps of scale 1 : 50,000 – 1 : 300,000 used for clarifying geographical and landscape-ecological situation. The main tendencies of Western Bug, Rata and Solokiya rivers interfluve landscapes transformation for the last 240 years was analyzed. The best indicator for natural conditions transformation are changes in river network, forestation and territory bogging. The analysis of cartographic materials shows that the majority of channels and distributaries of Western Bug and its tributaries, especially within limits of Yastrubetska Delta and a significant reduction of forested areas and wetlands. Key words: landscape; geosystem; river valley; channel; delta; rivers interfluve.

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ЛАНДШАФТІВ МЕЖИРІЧЧЯ ЗАХІДНОГО БУГУ, РАТИ І СОЛОКІЇ (Частина 1)

Actual problems of origin, formation, anthropogenic transformation and disappearance modern geosystems between Western Bug, Rata and Solokiya rivers are considered. Special attention devoted to formation conditions research of Yastrubetska Delta as uncharacteristic for region of the Western Bug river valley. Even a hundred years ago in the delta numbering over 80 separate branches and ducts that meandering in unstable sandy sediments, wetlands overgrown by willow and alder areas, not typical for Polissya rivers. Based on retrospective-geographic analysis of literature and cartographic sources of the XVIII–XX centuries are traced stages of the Yastrubetska delta geosystems development and surrounding landscapes of between-river basin. In the first part of the article processed and commented the works of famous Polish scientists A. Reman and M. A. Lomnytskyi that focus on detailed analysis of that time environmental conditions of the study area, functioning, dynamics and Yastrubetska delta river valley geosystems development. The Austrian maps of the First (1779–1783) and Second (1819–1820) topographical snapshots, compiled during the realization of the Josephine and Franciscan metrics, were analyzed. Topographic maps processing of the first two of the five historical and geographical sections made it possible to consider the conditions of small-Polissya landscapes development in the second half of the XVIII – the first half of the ХІХ century. Also interpret the probable directions of surface waters runoff and dominant air flows in the post-glacial period and in the process of formation of river valleys. Key words: landscape, river valley, delta, between rivers areas.

Evolution of Early and Middle Pleistocene river valley systems in Polish-Ukraine-Belarus cross-border areas based on geological and malacological proxies

The geological setting of the Bug–Pripyat interfluve and the close proximity of the source of the Pripyat River to the well-developed Middle Bug River valley suggest that these rivers may have been connected in the past. Analysis of geological cross-sections around the Polish-Ukraine-Belarus cross-border areas together with study of associated Pleistocene palaeoflora shows that buried alluvial deposits of the proto-Bug and proto-Pripyat clearly represent the Preglacial (MIS 103-23), Podlasian/Turskian-Donian/Brest Interglacial (Cromerian I-II; MIS 21-17) and the Mazovian/Likhvinian/Alexandrian Interglacial (Holsteinian; MIS 11c). Their elevated position in mid-eastern Poland suggests the possibility of accumulation by proto-Bug waters flowing eastwards, which determined the formation and development of the lower-lying proto-Pripyat valley system in northwestern Ukraine at those times. The occurrence of the Ponto-Caspian species Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer, 1828), Borysthenia naticina (Menke, 1845) and Corbicula fluminalis (O.F. Muller, 1774) in the mollusc assemblages of the Mazovian/Likhvinian/Alexandrian Interglacial implies that the main watershed between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea drainage basins might have been situated in the northern part of the area studied. Presumably its main part was drained by the waters of the proto-Bug catchment connected with the proto-Pripyat and flowing farther to the east towards the Dnieper River entering the Black Sea.

Hydrologiczne uwarunkowania morfogenezy wybranych erozyjnych form rzeźby równi zalewowej na przykładzie doliny Bugu

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between hydrological conditions and morphogenesis of erosional landforms on the floodplain of the Bug river valley. It was found that forms such as side arms and oxbow lakes as a result of cyclical floods are subject to secondary erosion. The main reason for this phenomenon is the fact that they combine strings of overbank flow direction. In the case of ice storms, these forms take on the role of the main channel limiting the effects of floods.

Historical Changes of Hydrological Connectivity of Selected Polish Floodplain Lakes

The main ecological and hydrological features of floodplain lakes (FPL) depend on the flood pulse. Temporal variations of connectivity result from natural fluctuations in a parent river water levels. The study area was a fragment of left fraction of the Bug River valley, within a gorge-like section between Dorohusk and Wlodawa. The aim of the study was to define a duration and frequency of potamophases and limnophases of 20 FPLs, during the period 1952–2013. A large variation of limnophase frequency was observed. The most frequently occurs short (8–30 days) and medium-length (183–365 days) limnophases. In case of potamophases the most frequent were short episodes (8–30 days). In most water bodies, a general similarity of the duration of functional periods was observed. The average ratio of the duration of both phases showed prevalence of limnophases. Generally, two factors were observed that shape variability of functional periods in the study area: quantity of water input and FPL morphometry. The lower lake volume and less stable water input, the higher variability of hydrological connectivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Zarys historii oraz stan obecny założenia pałacowo-parkowego w Różance i Adampolu – ocalonego od zapomnienia świadectwa linii włodawskiej Ordynacji Zamoyskich

Brak streszczenia w języku polskim.

Allometric relations between fluvial impulse and morphometric parameters of floodplain lakes

AbstractThe general role of river water input in shaping the basic morphometric parameters of floodplain lakes has been previously investigated. However, the process has not been quantitatively described in detail. This study is the first attempt in the literature to determine the allometric relation between fluvial impulse, expressed as Fluvial Connectivity Quotient, and morphometric parameters of six floodplain lakes of Bug River valley in the period 1952–2014. This relationship is given by Y = aXb, from which the value of b exponent was analysed to determine the strength of the allometric relation. Extreme values of allometric compounds during the time period under study ranged from 5.99 to −4.91. Volume was the morphometric parameter showing the highest variability in all the lakes. General similarity in allometric relations was observed in the lakes under study. During analysis, no long‐term trends were observed in the relationship between the Fluvial Connectivity Quotient and morphometric parameters. The results obtained show that fluvial impulse was the factor determining the variability of morphometric parameters of the lakes. Direct catchments topography of lake has periodically (during limnophase periods) played a significant role in shaping the morphometry of floodplain lakes. The most stable allometric relations occurred in a confluent lake, with a low limnological effective rise value and consequently, relatively long potamophase periods.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Centipede (Chilopoda) richness and diversity in the Bug River valley (Eastern Poland).

The main aim of the survey was to describe the diversity and richness of Chilopoda in the selected area of the Bug River valley. The study sites were located in two regions differing in the shape of the valley, the presence of thermophilous habitats and the size of riparian forests. Pitfall traps were used as a sampling method. As a result, 444 specimens belonging to 12 centipede species of two orders – Geophilomorpha (four species) and Lithobiomorpha (eight species) were caught. Lithobius (Monotarsobius) curtipes C.L.Koch, 1847, Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L.Koch, 1835), Lamyctes (Lamyctes) emarginatus (Newport, 1844) and Lithobius (Monotarsobius) dudichi Loksa, 1947 were the most common and the most numerous species. Of particular note is Lithobius dudichi found in Poland for the first time and previously known based on a single specimen. Two to 10 Chilopoda species were found in each habitat under investigation. The greatest species richness was found in thermophilous thickets (10 species), sandy grasslands (eight), xerothermic grasslands (eight) and mesic meadows (six). The fewest number of species (two) was found in rushes at oxbows and in wet meadows. We found differences in the species composition and the number of Chilopoda between the lower (102 specimens, six species) and the middle (324 specimens, 11 species) section of the river valley. Our results confirm the need to protect xerothermic habitats, unique almost throughout entire Central Europe, which due to their distribution and their small area covered are fairly easily subject to the process of destruction.

Vegetation of the ‘Mierzwice’ nature reserve and its protection

Abstract The ‘Mierzwice’ nature reserve (forest district 206b, c and d of the Sarnaki Forest Inspectorate), situated in the area of the Podlaski Przełom Bug Landscape Park, is one of the most valuable natural assets of the central Bug river valley. The 12.98 ha reserve was established in 2010 to aid protection of the stand of xerothermic vegetation and its surrounding deciduous forest. In total, eight plant associations were identified within the reserve: Geranio-Peucedanetum cervariae, Geranio-Anemonetum sylvestris, Geranio-Trifolietum alpestris, Trifolio medii-Agrimonietum, Rubo fruticosi-Prunetum, Rhamno-Cornetum sanguinei, Potentillo albae-Quercetum and Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli. Furthermore, 23 protected and 31 endangered species were found in the reserve including the following examples: Cephalanthera rubra, Thesium ebracteatum, Cypripedium calceolus, Gentiana cruciata, Anemone sylvestris, Cimicifuga europaea, Viola rupestris, Crepis praemorsa, Asperula tinctoria, Stachys recta, Laserpitium latifolium. Over the last few years, a regression of the species diagnostic number for thermophilous oak forests and xerothermic grasslands has been observed as a result of succession and expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos. Active protection of xerothermic vegetation such as uprooting of trees and bushes, regular grazing or mowing has been suggested in order to prevent the expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos.

Water balance of selected floodplain lake basins in the Middle Bug River valley

Abstract. This study is the first attempt in the literature on the subject of comparing water balance components for floodplain lake basins, depending on the type of a lake connection to the parent river. Research was carried out in the Bug River valley in 2007–2011 water years. Four types of connections were distinguished in the area under study. Simple water balance equation could only be used with regard to the lakes connected to the main river via the upstream crevasses. Detailed and individual water balance equations were developed with reference to the other types of lakes. Water gains and losses varied significantly in the lakes under study. Values of horizontal water balance components (inflow and outflow) of the floodplain lake in Wola Uhruska considerably prevailed over the vertical ones (precipitation and evaporation). Inflow of the Bug River waters was diverse during the time period under study and amounted from 600 000 to 2 200 000 m3 yr−1. Volumes of precipitation and evaporation were rather stable and amounted to approx. 30 000 m3 yr−1. The lowest disparity between horizontal and vertical water balance components was observed in the inter-levee lake. Both upstream inflow of rivers water and outflow from the lake (ranged from 0 in 2008 to 35 000 m3 yr−1 in 2009) were usually an order of magnitude higher than precipitation and evaporation from the lake surface (700–800 m3 yr−1). Study showed that the values and the proportion between aforementioned vertical and horizontal water balance elements were determined by the type of a lake connection to the Bug River. Storage volume showed no relationship to the type of connection, but resulted from individual features of the lakes (location within the valley, precipitation and evaporation volume, difference between water inflow and outflow).