Buffer-soluble Protein Research Articles

Epidermal proteins of cultured human and bovine keratinocytes

Bovine and human epidermal cells were cultured on mitomycin C treated fibroblasts. The cells were carried through four passages and found to synthesize fibrous proteins and insoluble cell envelopes. Acid buffer soluble fibrous protein, prekeratin, and urea soluble fibrous protein were both identified and the latter was the major component in older cultures. Some of the prekeratin polypeptides of intact tissue were not found in cultured cells, but the ones that were present corresponded to those of whole tissue. X-ray diffraction, amino acid analysis and immunological techniques were used to establish that the polypeptides were keratins. The insoluble cell envelopes had a higher proline and 1 2 cystine content than the fibrous protein, similar to what is found in whole epidermis. Histidase, a characteristic enzyme marker of whole epidermis, was not observed in cultured cells. These studies indicate that differentiation occurs in cultured cells but it may not be as complete as in intact tissue.

Protein and DNA levels in the submandibular salivary glands of isoproterenol stimulated mice.

The DNA and soluble and sedimental protein levels were studied in isoproterenol stimulated mouse submandibular salivary glands over a period of 200 h. Hypertrophy, the predominant cellular phenomenon following chronic isoproterenol treatment, was associated with a marked elevation of 14C-leucine incorporation into the buffer soluble protein fraction and a less pronounced isotope incorporation into the sedimental sub-cellular fraction as well as continued DNA synthesis. These findings are contrary to the accepted definitions of hypertrophy which preclude continued DNA synthesis. A suggestion is made, therefore, that in the system used the polyploidy associated with the hypertrophy involves.

Effects of dietary sucrose levels on extracellular polysaccharide metabolism of human dental plaque.

The effects of increased and low dietary sucrose levels on the biochemical activities and composition of 4- and 12-day plaque were investigated in eight young men. The subjects were fed supervised, nutritionally adequate diets. Dextran hydrolase, levan hydrolase, and total carbohydrate content were increased during a sucrose-rich diet while invertase activity was decreased. Base-extractable carbohydrate was decreased in four-day plaque during the sucrose-rich diet. Glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase activity, buffer-soluble carbohydrate, and buffer-soluble protein were also determined.

The effects of gibberella zeae on RNA, protein and dry weight in maize seedlings

NaCl-soluble RNA, tris-glycine buffer soluble protein and dry weight of Gibberella zeae infected maize seedling shoots were altered quantitatively from that observed daily (days 5–9) for the corresponding healthy tissues.

Peroxidase activity in healthy and leaf-rust-infected wheat leaves

Peroxidase activity was determined in primary leaves of healthy and inoculated, near-isogenic wheat lines differing in susceptibility to the leaf rust pathogen, Puccinia recondita (isolate UN1-68B). Inoculated LR10(TC), which developed a low (X) infection type, had peroxidase activity 109% greater than healthy controls by 9 days post-infection. Thatcher, which developed a high (4) infection type, had peroxidase activities only 20–48% greater than healthy controls during the 2–9-day period after infection. Activity, similar in healthy leaves of both lines, increased with leaf age. Total buffer-soluble protein (trichloroacetic acid-precipitable) did not change as the disease developed in either line. Peroxidases from both healthy and inoculated LR10(TC) separated on a gel filtration column into two distinct molecular weight groupos. The ratio of activities in these two groups did not differ between 9-day-rusted LR10(TC) and healthy tissue, although total peroxidase was considerably greater in infected tissues. This suggests that the two forms may be related. The low molecular-weight peroxidase fraction had an average molecular weight of near 35,000 (as determined by gel filtration), while the molecular weight of the other fraction was near 160,000. The physiological significance of the two molecular sizes is unknown.

養殖アマノリの疾病に関する研究-IV

Pathophysiological studies were made on canceraffected Porphyra and the carcinogenic effect of some chemicals was studied. The results are as follows: 1) The cancerous tissue showed altered nitrogen metabolism; the total nitrogen and the water-soluble protein content per cell decreased but NaCl- and Tris buffersoluble protein contents increased slightly. There was no difference in the electrophoretic pattern of the soluble proteins among both the healthy and canceraffected tissues. 2) The DNA content in the canceraffected tissue, expressed on a dry weight basis, was greater than that of normal tissues. However, when plotted on a fresh weight basis, no such difference was noted. 3) The concentrations of chlorophyll, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were markedly decreased in the cancered tissue. 4) Respiration rate in the canceraffected tissue was greater than that of normal tissues. Respiration rate was however decreased when glucose was added as a substrate. This result indicates that the CRABTREE effect was induced by infection and fermentation occured in the cancered tissue. 5) It was possible to produce abnormally swollen cells or cancerous cells on Porphyra fronds by cultivating them in media containing KCN, As2O3 and phenyluretane respectively. 6) These results suggest the possibility that an irreversible damage to the respiratory system of the tissues could play an important role in the induction of cancer cells in Porphyra species.