Bud Mite Research Articles

Cecidophyopsis ribis . [Distribution map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cecidophyopsis ribis (Westwood). Acarina: Eriophyidae (black currant gall mite, black currant big bud mite, currant bud mite). Attacks Ribes spp. especially black currant. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, CIS (formerly USSR), Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Russia, Altai area, Karelia, Kursk, Leningrad region, Moscow, Murmansk, Primorskiy Kray, Sakhalin, Siberia, Asia, China, Heilongjiang, Australasia, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, North America, Canada, British Columbia.

Cecidophyopsismites (Acari: Eriophyidae) onRibesspp. (Grossulariaceae)

Abstract The authors present a review and morphological study of the eriophyid mites in the genus Cecidophyopsis occurring on gooseberries and currants of the genus Ribes (Grossulariaceae). Three species are redescribed and illustrated: Cecidophyopsis ribis (Westwood 1869) causing galling on black currants, Ribes nigrum; C. selachodon Eyndhoven 1967 causing galling on red currants, R. rubrum; and C. grossulariae (Collinge 1907), a foliar and bud mite on gooseberries, R. grossularia, and red and black currants. Two new species are described: C. aurea n. sp., causing bud galls on golden currants, R. aureum; and C. alpina n. sp. causing bud galls on alpine currants, R. alpinum. Biological notes, character tables and a key are presented for separating the five species.

Infection of European Hazelnut byAnisogramma anomala:Site of Infection and Effect of Host Developmental Stage

The concentration of ascospores of Anisogramma anomala required to infect 50% of spray-inoculated shoots of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) was 7 × 10 4 and 2 × 10 5 spores per milliliter for seedlings of cvs. Ennis and Royal, respectively. Placement of A. anomala ascospores (5 × 10 6 per milliliter) on the shoot internode immediately below the apical meristem resulted in 79% infection of inoculated seedlings. In contrast, ascospores applied onto the second, third, or fourth shoot internode below the meristem resulted in 32, 9, and 6% infection of seedlings, respectively. Similarly, incidence of infection after inoculation of the expanding leaf nearest the apical meristem averaged 64%, but only 19, 7, and 2% when ascospores were applied onto the second, third, or fourth leaf from the meristem, respectively. Ascospores spray-inoculated (1 × 10 5 spores per milliliter) onto vegetative buds and shoots at various stages of development resulted in infection of 0% of dormant buds, 63% of buds with leaf tips emerged, 79% of buds with a full leaf emerged, 88% of elongating shoots with two to four nodes, 29% of elongating shoots with eight to ten nodes, and 0% of shoots that had stopped adding new growth late in the season. Hazelnut buds infested with an eriophyid bud mite, Phytoptus avellanae, were not more susceptible to infection by A. anomala than noninfested buds as had been reported previously

イチジクモンサビダニの発生消長と殺ダニ剤による防除効果

イチジクモンサビダニの発生消長と殺ダニ剤による防除効果

Distribution of Citrus Bud Mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) within Lemon Trees

The percentage of lemon axillary buds infested by citrus bud mite, Aceria Sheldoni (Ewing), varied with the age of twigs. Infestation declined sharply between buds on twigs that were mostly green and just beginning to develop bark (twig age 3) and buds on twigs where bark formation was more advanced and less than half of the surface was still green (twig age 4). The relative infestation of buds on young twigs (ages 0-3) varied between two groves that were studied, but, generally, green twigs that were angular in cross section rather than round (twig age 1) were as heavily infested or more so than any other twig age. New, elongating twigs (twig age 0) were infested almost as soon as they developed regardless of the time of year. Feeding damage increased as twigs aged, and accumulated feeding damage may have been largely responsible for the relatively low levels of infestation of buds from older twigs. The southern halves of the trees were significantly more infested than the northern halves. Within quadrants, the variation in infestation among buds on different twigs usually was greater than variation among buds on the same twig, suggesting a clumped distribution. The percentage of infested axillary buds was correlated with the percentage of fruit that was infested with bud mites under the calyx.

Effect of Citrus Bud Mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Lemon Yields

The effect of high population densities of citrus bud mite, Aceria sheldoni (Ewing), on the quantity and quality of lemon yields was studied for 4 yr in four commercial groves in coastal southern California. There were two treatments in each grove: treated plots where bud mite was suppressed with acaricide treatments whenever infestation levels increased markedly, and untreated plots where bud mite was not controlled. Average percentage of axillary buds infested with citrus bud mite was 7-15% in treated plots and 45-70% in untreated plots over the 4-yr period. Citrus bud mite feeding results in distortion of fruit shape which can result in commercial downgrading. Citrus bud mite control significantly reduced fruit distortion in all four groves and significantly improved commercial packout in three of the four groves. However, significantly less distortion in fruit was not detected in treated trees until harvests ≥10-13 mo after the initial acaricide treatment (lemons in coastal California are harvested three or four times per year). This supports the hypothesis that distortion in fruit is caused by citrus bud mite feeding on embryonic fruit tissue in the buds; once fruit set, they are unaffected by further citrus bud mite feeding. Up to 21 mo after the first acaricide treatments, the cumulative yield did not differ significantly between treated and untreated plots. In two of the four groves, in the eight harvests between 24 and 48 mo after the first acaricide treatments, the cumulative yield was often significantly greater (9-13% greater) from treated than from untreated trees. The other two groves showed no significant differences in cumulative yield between treated and untreated trees up to the time of the last harvest (28 and 49 mo after the first acaricide treatment). In two groves, economic loss justified the cost of bud mite suppression, and in two groves, the cost of suppression exceeded the economic benefit of suppression.

A pruning technique for saving vineyards severely infested by the grape vine bud mite Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Eriophyidae)

The highest proportions of large populations of the grape vine bud mite Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) were found in the basal ten buds on canes of Chenin Blanc throughout a year of study. The distribution of mites along the canes is explained in terms of their distribution within the mature overwintering buds in which the basal 7–10 nodes are already present and infested by C. vitis. Although the basal ten buds all maintained high bud-mite populations, the damage inflicted to the buds was greatest in buds at the basal two nodes, and declined significantly in buds located at nodes 4 and 6, and 8 and 10, on mature overwintering canes, respectively. A comparison of various pruning techniques shows that vines severely infested and damaged by C. vitis should be pruned back to six buds for one season. This uses the healthier buds at nodes 5 and 6 to produce the next season's growth, while reducing yield lost to C. vitis from 56% to 35%. It is recommended during the subsequent year (a) that the basal four canes be removed to reduce bud-mite populations in the vineyard; (b) that the usual pruning technique of leaving only two buds per bearer be reverted to, and (c) that the effective chemical control programme against C. vitis be regularly applied during spring. In this way vineyards that are severely damaged by C. vitis can be saved while yield can be increased during the year that corrective measures are applied.

Cecidophyopsis ribis . [Distribution map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cecidophyopsis ribis (Westwood) Acarina: Eriophyidae Black currant gall mite, black currant big bud mite, currant bud mite. Attacks Ribes spp., notably black currant. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, East Germany, West Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, USSR, Georgian SSR, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, Russian SFSR, Altai region, Karelia, Krasnodar, Kursk, Leningrad region, Moscow region, Murmansk, Sakhalin, Siberia, AUSTRALASIA, Australia, New Zealand, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia.

An ecological basis for timing control measures against the grape vine bud mite Eriophyes vitis Pgst.

Examination of bud mite distribution on shoots for 10 weeks after bud burst showed that the new season's overwintering buds were colonized one week after bud burst. It is recommended that acaricide be applied immediately after bud burst when the mites are not protected inside the buds. Colonization of the new overwintering buds coincided with an annual peak in bud mite reproduction. Three predacious mite species occurred wherever bud mites were exposed between bud burst and penetration of the new season's overwintering buds.

Shoot development and bud mite infestation in hazelnut (Corylus avellana)*

SUMMARYThe interaction of environmental and genetic variation in hazelnut (Corylus avellana) shoot development and the behaviour, survival, and colonisation of eriophyid bud mites (Phytoptus avellanae and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis) were studied. The distribution of galled buds on shoots indicated that mites colonised only those buds formed during the mite migration period. The point of entry is probably the growing shoot tip. Once within this structure, as the shoot develops the mites have access to a succession of newly‐formed, bud primordia that are unprotected by bud scales. The relative accessibility of the apical meristem and bud primordia may affect host susceptibility.

A leaf-blotch disorder of tayberry associated with the leaf and bud mite (Phyllocoptes gracilis) and some effects of three aphid-borne viruses

SummaryTayberry plants showing conspicuous chlorotic blotches, ringspots, leaf distortion and lacking vigour were found at two sites in Scotland. The severity of the symptoms and the number of plants affected increased annually and reached 100% incidence at one site. No mechanically transmissible virus was detected in affected plants, but many such plants and some symptomless ones contained viruses indistinguishable in Rubus indicator plants from black raspberry necrosis, raspberry leaf mottle and raspberry leaf spot viruses. Propagants from healthy tayberry plants graft-inoculated either with these three viruses, singly and in combinations, or with scions from symptom-bearing tayberry, showed a faint chlorotic mottle when grown outdoors or in an unheated glasshouse but none developed the severe symptoms observed in the field. Leaves and buds of field-affected plants were found to be infested with large numbers of eriophyid mites at both sites. A single application of vamidothion to affected plants at one site resulted in significantly fewer mites and less severe symptoms on fruiting canes and primocanes than on unsprayed plants in the year of spraying and a further decrease in symptoms in the following year. The symptomatology, occurrence in Scotland and the decrease in symptoms following the application of vamidothion indicate that the disorder is caused by infestations by the leaf and bud mite (Phyllocoptes gracilis).

Citrus Bud Mite Control in Orange County, 1982

Abstract Materials were tested for efficacy against the citrus bud mite in a 23-year-old lemon grove (NW-SE rows, 24 ft × 19 ft spacing) in Field 7 of the U.C. South Coast field Station near Irvine, CA. Treatments were applied May 26 using a Kinkilder low-volume mist sprayer with attached 10-foot citrus tower at approximately 100 gal per acre. Each material was applied to 2 adjacent 16-tree rows with 4 trees randomly chosen for each material as permanent data trees. Four young terminals were chosen from each sample date from the inner row side of each data tree. On each terminal, 5 buds were dissected and the percent infested buds was calculated.

Saturation Spraying of Blueberries with Partial Spray Recovery

ABSTRACT Ahigh-pressure high-volume sprayer with provision for recapturing and recycling undeposited spray was mounted on a high-clearance tractor and used to apply wetting sprays to blueberry bushes for blueberry bud mite (Acalitus vaccinii, Keifer) control. Approximately 40% of the nozzle output was recycled when nozzle discharge was providing nominal application rates of 306 L/ha at pressures of 690 to 2758 kPa and a ground speed of 4.22 km/h. The spray zone is partially enclosed, resulting in more complete coverage of the bushes. Airborne drift is substantially decreased.

Control of Citrus Bud Mite and Citrus Red Mite in Orange Co., 1981

Abstract Materials were tested for efficacy against citrus bud mite in a lemon grove near Irvin, California. Treatments were applied on Sep 16 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1500 gal per acre. There were four two-tree replicates and pre-treatment levels varied from 48.8 to 71.3 percent buds infested. Five buds on each of four terminals were dissected for each of the replicates, and the percent buds infested was calculated. At the time of treatment, there was only a trace of citrus red mite; the population was monitored on a few trees and at 100 days post-spray a rating of all trees was made.

Citrus Bud Mite Control in Orange Co., 1980

Abstract Several acaricides were tested for efficacy against citrus bud mite in a lemon grove near Irvine, California. Treatments were applied on May 6 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1350 gal per acre; four two-tree replicates per treatment. At one end of this plot four materials were applied with low volume equipment at 100 gal per acre; four four-tree replicates per treatment. Five buds on each of four terminals were dissected for each replicate, and the percent buds infested was calculated. Pretreatment infestation levels averaged close to 40% in each treatment.

Citrus Bud Mite Control in Orange Co., 1979

Abstract Acaricides were tested for efficacy against citrus bud mite in a lemon grove near Irvine, California. Treatments were applied on Sep 19 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1500 gal per acre. Five buds on each of four terminals were dissected for each of the three replicates, and the percent buds infested was calculated.

The influence of the lucerne bud mite (Eriophyes medicaginis Keifer) on the growth of lucerne

The influence of Eriophyes medicaginis on the growth of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) was studied at four temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 29�C) at an initial infestation level of 10 mites per seedling, and at two temperatures (20 and 29�C) with four initial levels of infestation (2, 5, 10 and 20 mites per seedling). At 25� and 29�C, infestation with 10 mites per seedling significantly reduced dry weight of tops, stem length and the development of axillary shoots within 22 days of infestation. In this period, the numbers of mites increased 16-fold at 29OC, ninefold at 25�C and sixfold at 20�C, but there was no increase at 15�C. The extent of damage caused by mites at 20�C appeared to vary with the differences in growth of the plants under different photoperiods. Under a short photoperiod (10.3 h) where no axillary shoots developed on either infested or control plants, the extent of damage due to mite infestation was much higher than under a longer photoperiod (13.2 h) where axillary shoots developed on all seedlings. Damage symptoms on leaves of infested plants included chlorotic patches (mainly at 20� and 25�C), agate-like banding (29�C) and a waxy mottle (15�C).

Aceria sheldoni . [Distribution map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aceria sheldoni (Ewing) Acarina: Eriophyidae (citrus bud mite). Attacks Citrus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Crete, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Sicily, Spain, Yugoslavia, Asia, Cyprus, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, South Yemen, Syria, Turkey, Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Australia and Pacific Islands, Hawaiian Islands, North America, USA, South America, Argentina, Brazil.

Influence of Alfalfa Bud Mite on Growth of Alfalfa under Different Temperatures1

The influence of four temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 29 C) on the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) seedlings, initially infested with 10 alfalfa bud mites (Eriophyes medicaginis Keifer) per seedling, was studied.Mite infestation caused significant reductions in dry weight of leaves and stems, petiole length, and leaf area of the seedlings at all temperatures. Dry weight reductions of infested seedlings were greatest at 25 and 29 C. The greatest reductions in stem and petiole length and leaf area occurred at 29 C. The reduction in total leaf area per plant due to mite infestation was similar at 15, 25 and 29 C but there was less reduction at 20 C.The influence of bud mite infestation on the growth of alfalfa seedlings appears to be expressed mainly as a reduction of extension growth. This results in reduced leaf expansion and reduced elongation of the stem and petiole.

Population Variability in the Reaction of Alfalfa to Alfalfa Bud Mite1

Variability in the reaction of alfalfa (Medicago sotiva L.) seedlings to infestation with alfalfa bud mite (Eriophyes medicaginis Keifer) was studied in the Australian cultivar ‘Hunter River.’ Plants were harvested 23 days after infestation and leaf symptoms classed as severe, moderate or mild. Severity was not related to the total mite population but rather to the distribution of the mites on the plant. The seedlings least affected by mite infestation were those that had the lowest number of axillary shoots and the highest rate of growth of the primary shoot. Selection for greater seedling vigour within this cultivar could increase tolerance to the mite. However, tolerance of seedlings to mite attack may not be related directly to tolerance in older plants.