АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ ВИДОВОГО СОСТАВА ФИТОФАГОВ И ФИТОПАТОГЕНОВ СМОРОДИНЫ ЧЕРНОЙ

Abstract

The article presents data on the phytosanitary state of black currant plantings grown in the Khabarovsk Territory for the period from 1960 to 2020. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the species composition of phytophages and phytopathogens of black currant. The objectives of the study were to conduct an analytical review of the species composition of pests and phytopathogens of black currant that developed on the plantings of the studied crop in the period from 1960 to 2020; and also to prepare a preliminary forecast of the dynamics of the species composition of pests of black currant culture. In the course of the work, it was revealed that in recent years, the phytosanitary background of plantings is made up of such crop pests as currant glassworm, common spider and currant bud mites, gooseberry shoot aphids. The degree of harmfulness of currant glass is especially high on old plantings and in some years the value of damaged shoots reaches 50-60%. Gooseberry shoot aphid is widespread everywhere and its harmfulness reaches up to 90%. The growth of the population of the currant kidney mite has been detected since the 1970s. and it continues to the present time, in some years this pest damages up to 80% of bushes. The common spider mite was in the stage of depression until the 90s of the last century. However, since the 2000s and up to the present time, its mass distribution has been revealed, which in some areas reaches 80%. Of the phytopathogens, the greatest danger to the culture is caused by such pathogens as American powdery mildew, anthracnose and septoria. Previously unknown as a pathogen of black currant, since the 1980s, American powdery mildew has been widespread everywhere. In the Khabarovsk Territory, in years with favorable conditions for the pathogen, the intensity of the development of the spherotheca reaches 60-75%. The increasing harmfulness of anthracnose and septoria was revealed. The intensity of their development on crop plantings reaches 50-60%. Such phytophages and phytopathogens as currant bud moth, leaf beetles, gooseberry fireworm, yellow blackcurrant sawfly, narrow-bodied green (currant) gold leaf, flanked and columnar rust were not detected during the research period on crop plantings. Although back in the 60-70s. the last century caused significant damage to black currant plants.