HHO Gas Research Articles

Influence of HHO Gas Addition on Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of a CI Engine Fuelled with Used Cooking Oil Bio Fuel Blends

The present study is to investigate the influence of used cooking oil (UCO) bio diesel blend and HHO gas on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio multi fuel engine. Bio fuel is extracted from UCO through transesterification process. Blends of diesel and UCO bio fuel is used as primary fuel and hydroxyl (HHO) gas which was generated from the electrolysis of water is used as supplementary fuel. Engine was tested for three different fuels such as diesel, B20 blend and B20 +HHO blends by varying four different loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) at the constant speed of 1500 rpm. HHO gas was injected in to the intake manifold with constant flow rate of 0.5 lpm for all engine loads. Engine fuelled with B20+HHO blends showed better brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption and emitted less CO and HC emissions over the B20 blends and diesel.

Experimental studies on the effect of TBC piston in a dual-fueled diesel engine

Oxy-hydrogen gas (HHO) is a carbon-clean alternative fuel like hydrogen and is composed of hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2:1. The significant properties of hydrogen (which is present in HHO) such as high octane rating, better mixing characteristics, high diffusivity, high flame speed also ensure its possible use to run a compression ignition (CI) engine in dual fuel mode. On the other hand, the application of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to engine components may reduce thermal fatigue, and the heat loss to the surroundings. In this experimental study, the combined effect of HHO gas on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel engine fitted with two different thermal barrier coated (TBC) pistons was experimentally investigated. Commercially available D2 quality petro-diesel (D100) and a blend composing 20% Jatropha and 80% D100 named as JME20 were used as pilot fuels, while the HHO gas was used as inducted fuel in dual-fuel operation. The experiments were carried out in a single cylinder, four storke, air-cooled, stationary type direct injection (DI) diesel engine fitted with the uncoated and coated pistons were operated in two different dual operations viz., D100 + HHO and Opt.JME20 + HHO. Two separate pistons were used to coat its top crown surface with Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and YSZ + CeO2. The results obtained for the combustion, performance, and emission parameters of the dual fuel diesel engine fitted with the TBC piston and run in dual fuel operation of D100 + HHO and Opt.JME20 + HHO were evaluated, analyzed, and compared with those of the baseline data. The results revealed thatthe brake thermal efficiency of Opt.JME20 + HHO run in dual-fuel operation was found to be higher by about 5.9% compared to that of the baseline data at full load, for the YSZ + Cerium-oxide (CeO2) coated piston-fitted engine by minimizing the heat loss to the surroundings. Similarly, the maximum carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke emissions with the YSZ + CeO2 coated piston fitted engine operation in dual fuel mode with Opt.JME20 + HHO was found to be lesser by about 44.1%, 46.7%, and 21.5%, respectively compared to that of the baseline data at full load.

Experimental Investigation of the Hydroxy Gas Generation as a Clean Energy Source for Spark Ignition Engine Operation Using Different Electrolytes

The main objective of this research is to generate the hydrogen gas as a fuel and part of hydroxy gas (HHO) from the drinking water (H2O) using electrolyzing method with a different electrolytes such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and Vinegar in HHO generator for best results, the practical examinations were done by a generator that designed and built for this purpose using plate electrodes, with a rechargeable 12-volt battery and the produced gas was measured at each case and used as a fuel for operating a small single-cylinder spark-ignition engine (Honda G 200) with taking into account the safety precautions. The results show that increasing the ratio of (NaOH) grams/liter of H2O increases the gas production, while the other two electrolytes (Na2CO3 and vinegar) are not effecting too much, and using the mixing procedure (%) of the electrolytes (NaOH with Na2CO3) and (Na2CO3 with Vinegar), it is observed that the HHO generation noticeable increases with increasing the mixing ratio of the first mixture and not too much with the second.

Response Surface Methodology Routed Optimization of Performance of Hydroxy Gas Enriched Diesel Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines

In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) optimization technique was employed for investigating the impact of hydroxy gas (HHO) enriched diesel on performance, acoustics, smoke and exhaust gas emissions of the compression ignition (CI) engine. The engine was operated within the HHO flow rate range of 0–10 L/min and engine loads of 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%. The results disclosed that HHO concentration and engine load had a substantial influence on the response variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results of developed quadratic models indicated the appropriate fit for all models. Moreover, the optimization of the user-defined historical design of an experiment identified an optimum HHO flow rate of 8 L/min and 41% engine load, with composite desirability of 0.733. The responses corresponding to optimal study factors were 25.44%, 0.315 kg/kWh, 117.73 ppm, 140.87 ppm, 99.37 dB, and 1.97% for brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), CO, HC, noise, and smoke, respectively. The absolute percentage errors (APEs) of RSM were predicted and experimental results were below 5%, which vouched for the reliable use of RSM for the prediction and optimization of acoustics and smoke and exhaust emission characteristics along with the performance of a CI engine.

Energy, exergy and environmental assessment of partial fuel substitution with hydroxy powered by a thermoelectric generator in low displacement diesel engines

This study evaluates the effect of partial fuel substitution with HHO (hydroxy) gas on a Jatropha oil biodiesel. For the experimental analysis, a stationary single-cylinder diesel engine was used, in which different conditions of load and rotational speed were established. Additionally, a thermoelectric generator (TEG) was installed in the engine exhaust system to power a HHO gas generator. The study tested two types of fuels, commercial diesel and a biodiesel blend (JB10). In the case of the JB10, the addition of a volumetric flow of 0.075, 0.15, and 0.30 LPM of HHO gas were studied. The results indicated that for a 28 W production in the TEG, a minimum volumetric flow of 0.32 LPM is achieved. The implementation of the TEG in the system avoids the extraction of energy from the engine to power the HHO generator while increasing up to 1.5% energy efficiency. The addition of HHO gas enables a maximum increase of 9.71%, 7.39%, and 10% in the power output, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency, respectively, compared to commercial diesel. Also, HHO gas addition minimized HC, CO2, CO emissions, and opacity by 15.81%, 9.23%, 14.89%, and 20.56%, respectively, compared to JB10 biodiesel. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that partial fuel substitution with HHO in the Jatropha oil biodiesel compensates for the adverse effects caused by the lower calorific value of the biofuel while reducing greenhouse emissions.

Research on the effect of SS316L electrode plate treatment on HHO gas production performance

The working principle of an internal combustion engine, in general, is to convert chemical energy from liquid fuels to mechanical energy. The type of fuel commonly used by internal combustion engines is fossil fuel, which until now has been increasing in use while its supply is running low. The presentstudy is to conduct research in the field of new and renewable energy as an alternative fuel to replace fossil fuels. Hydrogen is a new form of energy carrier that could be obtained through the process of water electrolysis and is a promising fuel supplement in the future. Hydrogen production through the electrolysis process continues to be develop to help use environmentally friendly fuels and can have a positive impact on engine performance and exhaust emissions. However, to produce consistent and quality HHO gas output, the current HHO gas generator still needs tobe improved especially for the production volume. The purpose of this research will be directed to the development of the effective electrode plate system in producing HHO gas. In order to improve the quality and volume of HHO gas production, it was found that the level of surface roughness and the contact angle of the material should be increased through grinding and polishing processes. In this research, various SS316L electrode plates with different surface roughness were made for the analysis of HHO gas production to match the expected volume of HHO gas production. Various conditions of surface roughness of the electrode plate are carrying out by grinding and polishing the surfaces of both sides of the electrode plate to a uniform roughness level.

Design, Development & Testing of Hydroxyl (HHO) Gas Generator by using Dry Cell

Brown's Gas (HHO) has been introduced to the auto industry as a new source of energy. The motive of this project is to design and construct a simple HHO generation system and test it on suitable IC engine by introducing it with the conventional fuel. The effect of hydroxyl gas (HHO) addition into gasoline fuel will be evaluated on engine performance and emissions. The HHO cell should be designed, constructed and optimised for maximum productivity of the cell in producing HHO gas per input power. Literature studies show that the parameters on which the productivity of the cell depends are number of neutral plates, distance between them and type and quantity of solutes that is Potassium Hydroxide (KOH). The results are estimated as increment in power, reduction in fuel consumption, reduction in CO, reduction in HC and reduction in NOx. The addition of HHO gas into gasoline is an effective way of improving the engine performance and maintaining the exhaust emissions to an environment friendly limit compared to neat gasoline operations.

BIKE WORKING ON WATE

H2O otherwise known as hydroxy or Browns Gas is the gas produced from splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen from electrolysis and allowing the gas to stay in a premixed state for use on-demand without the need for storage. In 1918 Charles Frazer, a North American inventor, patented the first water electrolysis machine act as a hydrogen booster for internal combustion engines. Yull Brown, a Bulgarian born Australian inventor patented and attempted to popularize Browns Gas as a cutting gas and fuel additive during the 1970’s and 80’s. During the 2000’s there was a huge influx in Browns Gas devices coming to the mark, with many sensational claims of bringing dramatic reductions in fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in internal combustion engines.

Engine performance, emissions characteristics of the compression ignition engine using HHO gas (Brown’s gas)

HHO gas (Brown’s gas) has recently been used as a new source of energy. The study presents the experimental results at 50% of the accelerator pedal when installed hydroxy (HHO) gas generator on 490 QZL diesel engines. HHO gas was provided into the engine manifold. Comparing the experimental results found that: the economic, technical and exhaust emissions of the diesel engine was improved. The brake power index increased by 2.8% in average compared to pure diesel and 4.2% was the percentage of the maximum engine power increasing at 2200 rpm. Especially, the amount of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) in pure diesel was always higher than one in diesel with HHO gas, which was 13.7% in average. At 1800 rpm, the difference of the minimum value of BSFC in two cases was 12.6%. The HC and CO emissions value reduced by 7.7% and 19.8% in average, respectively, while NOx increased by 13.3% in average compared to pure diesel.

The pollutant discharge improvement by introducing HHO gas into biomass boiler

Biomass fuel has been widely concerned because its net CO2 emission is close to zero. Biomass boilers are known to have lower pollutant emissions than fossil fuel boilers, but in some applications, they also release high-level CO and NO. We developed a medium-sized hydrogen and oxygen (HHO) generator, with high energy conversion rate and adjustable output gas. The HHO gas was then introduced into a biomass hot air generator for mixed combustion. The experimental results showed that based on the electricity consumption of gas production and biomass fuel price, the total cost during preheating reduced. In addition, the average concentrations of CO, NO and smoke decreased by 93.0%, 22.5% and 80%, respectively. Integration of biomass fuel and HHO gas can effectively reduce pollutant emissions and save fuel, especially in areas rich in renewable energy.

Impact of HHO produced from dry and wet cell electrolyzers on diesel engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics

Water electrolysis produces HHO gas by using sodium hydroxide catalyst. Dry and wet cells designs are applied producing the gas flow rates at 0.5 and 0.75 LPM, respectively. Tests are done in a diesel engine at engine speed variation and full load. Performance, combustion characteristics and emissions investigations of diesel engines using HHO gas from dry and wet cells are performed. HHO gas addition enhances the brake thermal efficiency by 2 and 2.5% but the exhaust gas temperature highest decreases for dry and wet cells are 8 and 10%, respectively about diesel oil. The maximum decreases are evaluated as for CO (15, 22%), HC (31, 39%), NOx (35, 42%) and smoke emissions (25, 35%), respectively for dry and wet cells about diesel fuel. The improvements in cylinder pressures are 5 and 10%, respectively and the heat release rate enhancements are 4.5 and 6.5%, respectively about pure diesel for dry and wet configurations.

Effects of Hydroxy Gas Addition on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Powered Lean-Operated Spark-Ignition Engine

Effects of Hydroxy Gas Addition on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Powered Lean-Operated Spark-Ignition Engine

Impact of HHO gas enrichment and high purity biodiesel on the performance of a 315 cc diesel engine

Biodiesel and oxyhydrogen (HHO) gas have shown promising results in improving engine performance and emissions. In this work, the effects of HHO gas and 5% biodiesel blends (B5) and their combined use in a 315 cc diesel engine have been analyzed. Biodiesel is produced by base catalyzed transesterification and cleaned by emulsification. Its calculated cetane index (CCI) was 61.4. HHO gas is produced from electrolysis of concentrated potassium hydroxide solution. The use of 5% biodiesel blend resulted in a significant rise of 9.4% in the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and a maximum reduction of 8.19% in the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). HHO enrichment of diesel and biodiesel at 2.81 L/min through the intake manifold improved the torque and power by an average of over 3%. HHO addition also improved the BTE of diesel by a maximum of 3.67%. The combination of high CCI biodiesel fuel and HHO creates a mixture that has shortened the ignition delay (ID) to the point that adverse effects were observed due to the premature combustion as shown by the average decrease in the BTE of 2.97% compared to B5. Thus, B5, on its own, is found to be the optimum fuel under these conditions.

Generation of brown gas from a dry cell HHO generator using chemical decomposition reaction

Pollution is a factor that makes humans lives worse; because of this pollution, so much of health hazards are uprising. This article mainly contributes to constructing a dry hydroxy cell generator that generates brown gas, which is usually known as hydroxy gas. The primary catalyst used is lye (NaOH) and caustic potash (KOH), which is to be incorporated with stainless steel and followed by supplying a unidirectional current. The reaction is accelerated since the catalyst offers a proxy pathway to expedite the response. The law of electrolysis of faraday governs this process. To lower the consumption of fossil fuel, which is the primary root cause of pollution. This dissertation provides detailed scrutiny on brown gas generators and its best harvest, which is known to be the highest production volume of HHO gas. This journal deals with how the change in the catalyst, power rating and concentration ratio affects the brown gas production and how NaOH differs from KOH in HHO gas production. The average time taken to produce 1 litre of HHO gas using NaOH is about 53 seconds, whereas it is about 80 seconds for KOH.

Design of Generator HHO Dry Cell Type and Application on 110 Cc Engined Vehicles Towards Gas Emissions

The HHO generator is a tool that works on the principle of water electrolysis to produce HHO gas, which is a gas consisting of 2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen molecule where the gas can be used as fuel. The number of holes on the plate electrodes affects the amount of discharge and the efficiency of the HHO generator. Therefore, a study was conducted regarding the number of holes on the electrode plate. The parameters measured were voltage, electric current, electrolyte temperature in the reservoir tank, electrolyte temperature in the HHO gas cylinder, and the HHO gas discharge. Whereas what is calculated is the power required for the HHO generator, the production rate, and the efficiency of the HHO generator. Furthermore, the HHO generator was applied to a 110cc vehicle to measure the level of exhaust emissions. Based on the results of the study, the best variation of HHO generators is found in the hole plate electrode 2 with the required power of 180.78 watts and an efficiency of 63.8%. The lowest CO emission levels were in the 2 holes variation, namely 4.01%, and the lowest HC emission levels were in the 4 holes variation, namely 892 ppm.

PV integrated on-demand water electrolysis system for HHO generation and it application as primary fuel in combustion

The brown’s gas also known as HHO gas has been produced using dye cell alkaline water electrolyser using 316L stainless plates. The electrolyzer has been integrated with solar panel using battery bank and charge controller to develop on-demand HHO generation system. The produced gas has been employed as primary fuel for combustion and its effectiveness has been investigated. Preliminary observations revealed that the photovoltaic (PV) integrated alkaline water electrolysis system exhibits smooth operation and provides proper control over the production process. On the other hand, the utilization of HHO gas as primary fuel displayed highly satisfying results. The developed system has the capacity to generate HHO on the order of 3L/min at 15Amps and it almost instantly burn paper and acrylic sheet.

Design of a small scale fluidized-bed incinerator for MSW with ability to utilize HHO as auxiliary fuel

Waste incineration has become a mature technology and widely accepted due to its environment friendliness, easy operation and ability to reduce more than 95% mass fraction. There are some inherent limitations associated with incinerators such as high fuel consumption and cite feasibility. In this study, we propose a novel design concept of small scale fluidized bed incinerator for household use, with the ability to consume brown’s gas (HHO) as primary fuel for incinerate waste. In principle, the HHO gas generated through photovoltaic (PV) integrated water electrolysis system would be feed from the bottom to provide heat energy to the waste. Theoretical design of fluidized bed type incinerator has been presented with water electrolyzer system. It was calculated that 150 lph of hydrogen is required for this proposed incinerator system which can handle 5 kg of waste.

Experimental assessment of combustion performance in low-displacement stationary engines operating with biodiesel blends and hydroxy

The global energy demand has motivated the investigation of profitable and environmentally friendly fuels. In the present study, the effect of hydroxy gas in blends of Karanja biodiesel and microalgae biodiesel (Chlorella protothecoides) was investigated. Therefore, the combustion characteristics, fuel consumption, overall efficiency, and emissions of biodiesel blends are addressed. For the development of the experimental tests, a low-displacement stationary diesel engine (300 cc displaced volume) was used, in which three different volumetric flows of hydroxy gas are injected while variating the engine load between 1 and 9 Nm. The results showed that oxygen enrichment due to the presence of hydroxy gas improved the combustion process of the KOME5MCP5 biodiesel blend since it improves the pressure and the heat released rate by 6.98% and 9.73%, respectively. Also, the hydroxy gas addition to the KOME5MCP5 biodiesel blend leads to maximum efficiency of 35.98%. Moreover, CO2, HC emissions, and smoke opacity can be reduced by 9.10%, 10.21%, and 7.56%, respectively, with the addition of hydroxy gas. In general, hydroxy gas fuel substitution emerges as a promising solution to reduce greenhouse emissions while enhancing the overall efficiency of the engine.

Comparative experimental investigation of oxyhydrogen (HHO) production rate using dry and wet cells

Hydroxy gas was produced by water electrolysis from dry and wet cells using stainless steel 316L electrode of 136.5 cm2 surface area and 4 mm separation. Electrolytes as NaOH and KOH of different concentrations were used. This study investigates the effect of electrolyte concentration, cell connection, electric current, operating time, electrolyte temperature and voltage on HHO productivity of the cells. Different plate configurations were studied. Increases of applied current, electrolyte temperature, electrolyte concentration and voltage led to the increase of gas production. More gas was produced from wet cell as compared to dry cell for the same design. HHO production for the dry cell reaches its maximum values of 866, 985, 1040 and 1090 ml/min at 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/L of NaOH at currents of 14, 18, 20 and 21.3 A and attains stable after about 30 min but the temperatures were increased till 32, 38, 44 and 52 °C, respectively and remained constant after that. The production peak values for wet cell were 975, 1160, 1325 and 1375 ml/min at 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/L of NaOH and flow currents of 17.8, 23.5, 26 and 27 A and remains constant after 90 min. At 10, 15 and 20 g/L NaOH, the temperatures were increased till constant values of 35, 44, 50 and 58 °C, respectively. HHO productivities from dry and wet cells are 866 and 1160 ml/min with electrolyzer efficiency of 72.1 and 69.3% at 14 and 18 A and (5 and 10 gm NaOH/L), respectively.

Design of HHO generators as producers of water fuel (HHO generator product analysis based on electric current and catalyst)

One of the fossil fuels is petroleum fuel. Petroleum is a non-renewable natural resource. Various aspects of life have felt its effects, where fuel oil has begun to experience scarcity. The higher price of fuel oil should make us realize that the amount of oil reserves has begun to run low. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of electrodes, current strength, and concentration of NaHCO3 on the HHO gas generator output. HHO electrode generator material made of aluminum and brass. The electrode’s shape is rectangular with a size of 250 mm x 400 mm, with a gasket seal. The test begins with the HHO gas pressure test. The independent variable used is aluminum and brass electrode variations. The electric current given is 20A, 30A, 40A, and the amount of 5-25% NaHCO3 catalyst. Then proceed with analyzing the pressure obtained on the HHO gas flow rate. To test the HHO gas flow rate carried out with a duration of 1 to 3 minutes in each treatment, the measurement of the discharge using a gas regulator to determine the flow rate of H2 and O2 produced. The results showed that the lowest gas discharge value was on aluminum electrodes with a current of 20A, i.e., 0,00033554 m3/s, while the highest discharge value on brass electrodes with a current of 50A was 0,001657 m3/s. It shows that the better the metal element contained in the electrodes and the higher the current applied, the greater the flow of H2 and O2 gas flow.