Brown Conidia Research Articles

Tetraploa lignicola, a new freshwater fungal species from Yunnan Province, China

Two fungal strains were isolated from submerged decaying woods in the freshwater habitats, which are characterized by cylindrical, septate, verrucose, brown conidia, composed of four vertical columns of cells, 3-septate in each column, with four appendages at the base which are slightly tapering toward the apex and each with 5–10-septate. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, and SSU sequences data showed that the two isolates clustered into a separated clade in Tetraploa. Herein, we report it as a new hyphomycetous species, Tetraploa lignicola. The descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree show the placement of T. lignicola, the comparisons between the new species and other morphologically similar taxa in Tetraploa are also provided.

Hyphocapnodia sichuanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Capnodiaceae), a novel hyphomycete from Sichuan Province, China

A hyphomycetous sooty mould was collected on a dead bamboo (Bambusoideae, Gramineae) from a terrestrial habitat in Sichuan Province, China. To establish the phylogenetic position of newly collected sooty mould within the Capnodiales, we sequenced two rDNA regions, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and 28S, and two protein-coding genes tef1-α and rpb2. Based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a combined dataset and an examination of morphology, we describe and illustrate Hyphocapnodia gen. et sp. nov. Hyphocapnodia sichuanensis is characterized by subcylindrical, dark brown to black synnemata with monoblastic conidiogenous cells producing subcylindrical to fusiform, transversely septate, brown conidia with a truncate base.

Vesiculophora diversiseptata gen. & sp. nov. and Anapleurothecium clavatum & Podosporium simile spp. nov. from the Brazilian Amazon

Three asexual fungi are described and illustrated from the Brazilian Amazon:Vesiculophora diversiseptata as a new genus and species; and Anapleurothecium clavatum and Podosporium simile as new species. Vesiculophora diversiseptata is characterized by its conidiophores becoming scorpioid after successive subacroauxic extensions and monoblastic conidiogenous cells that produce heteroseptate, brown phragmoconidia; A. clavatum is distinguished by its ellipsoidal to clavate, 3-euseptate, brown conidia; and P. simile is characterized by its synnematous conidiomata with monotretic conidiogenous cells and brown, 3–11-eusepatate, mainly obclavate, verrucose conidia. Additionally, Pleurothecium leptospermi is transferred to Anapleurothecium.

Pleocatenatachiangraiensis gen. et. sp. nov. (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) from medicinal plants in northern Thailand.

Pleocatenata, a new genus, is introduced with its type species, Pleocatenatachiangraiensis, which was isolated from withered twigs of two medicinal plants, Clerodendrumquadriloculare (Blanco) Merr (Verbenaceae) and Tarennastellulata (Hook.f.) Ridl (Rubiaceae) in northern Thailand. The genus is characterized by mononematous, septate, brown or dark brown conidiophores, monotretic conidiogenous cells and catenate, obclavate, olivaceous to blackish brown conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, SSU, tef1-α, rpb2 and ITS sequence data showed Pleocatenata forms a distinct phylogenetic lineage in Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. Therefore, we treat Pleocatenata as Pleosporales genera incertae sedis based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa are provided, and it is compared with morphologically similar genera.

Sporidesmiellalignicola sp. nov., a new hyphomycetous fungus from freshwater habitats in China.

BackgroundFreshwater fungi, growing on submerged wood, can promote the degradation of organisms and the reuse of rotten wood energy and play key roles in freshwater ecosystems. Here, a new hyphomycetous fungus, Sporidesmiellalignicola, was isolated and identified from submerged wood samples collected in a small stream in Jiangxi Province, south-eastern China.New informationThe new taxon was studied, based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses combined with LSU, ITS, TEF1α and RPB2 sequences data. Sporidesmiellalignicola was morphologically characterised by its pink colonies on PDA medium in prophase, macronematous, mononematous, solitary, brown, septate, unbranched, straight or slightly flexuous conidiophores with holoblastic, polyblastic, integrated, terminal, pale brown conidiogenous cells and cylindrical, narrowly clavate, broadly obovoid to cuneiform, 3–4-distoseptate, olivaceous brown or brown conidia with rounded apex. A phylogenetic tree was constructed, based on the combination of LSU, ITS, TEF1α and RPB2 sequences data.

Major involvement of two laccase genes in conidial pigment biosynthesis in Aspergillus oryzae.

Wild-type strains of Aspergillus oryzae develop yellow, yellow-green, green, or brown conidia. Previous reports suggested that the conidiation initiates with the biosynthesis of a yellow pigment YWA1 from acetyl-CoA by a polyketide synthase encoded by wA (AO090102000545). This is followed by the conversion to other pigment by a laccase encoded by yA (AO090011000755). Based on orthologous pathways in other Aspergilli, it is reasonable to hypothesize that in addition to yA, AO090102000546 encoding laccase and AO090005000332 encoding Ayg1-like hydrolase play a role in A. oryzae conidial pigment biosynthesis. However, the involvement of these two genes in conidial pigmentation remains unclear. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by assessing the conidial colors of both disruption and overexpression mutants to verify whether AO090102000546 and AO090005000332 were associated with the conidial pigmentation. Observation of single, double, and triple disruptants of these three genes suggested that conidial pigments were synthesized by two laccase genes, AO090011000755 and AO090102000546, whereas Ayg1-like hydrolase gene AO090005000332 was proven to have no obvious association with the synthesis. This was corroborated by observing the phenotype of each overexpression mutant. Interestingly, AO090005000332 overexpression mutant produced smoky yellow-green conidia, different from the wild-type strain. Thus, the AO090005000332-encoded protein is likely to maintain the enzymatic activity. However, the expression level was observed to be one-third of that of AO090102000546 and one-seventh of that of AO090011000755. Consequently, apparent lack of obvious contribution of AO090005000332 to conidial pigmentation could be attributed to its low expression level. Expression analysis indicated similar profiles in several wild-type strains. KEY POINTS: • Conidial pigment biosynthesis after YWA1 mainly involves two laccases in A. oryzae. • Ayg1-like hydrolase in A. oryzae is not obviously involved in conidial pigmentation. • Conidial color is deemed dependent on expression level of two laccases and hydrolase.

First report of Alternaria longipes causing leaf spot on tea in China.

Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)] have been widely planted in Guizhou Province in recent years, and the cultivation area in the region ranks first among all the provinces or cities in China. Leaf spot disease was an important disease of tea in Kaiyang county, Guizhou Province, which mainly damaged young leaves and shoot of tea and led to a huge loss of the production of tea. The spots initially represented brown and round, and then the diameter of the spot was 4-6 mm during later period, with the color of the center in the spot changing white. Tea leaf spot disease always occurs in early spring and the region with 1300 m altitude. From 2016 to 2019, disease incidence of leaves was estimated at 84% to 92%, and the disease severity on a plant basis was determined to be 64% to 76%, depending on the field. To identify the causal agent of the foliar disease, pieces of the lesion margins were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s, followed by 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min, rinsed with sterile water three times, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated in the dark at 25C for 3 to 5 d. The hyphal tips from the margins of the growing colonies were successively picked and transferred to fresh PDA plates to purify the isolates. The result indicated that the isolates on PDA represented initially round form, and white mycelium. The reverse sides of the isolates firstly displayed light yellow on PDA. Conidiophores represent dark brown, geniculate. Brown conidia, narrow ovoid, length: 22.9 ± 4.5 μm, width: 11.1 ± 1.7 μm, with 4 to 8 transverse septa and with conspicuously ornamented walls. The gene of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (Berbee et al. 1999) and the Alternaria allergen 1 (Alt a1) (Hong et al. 2005) of three strains were amplified, sequenced and deposited in Genbank. Maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of combined GAPDH (1-583) and Alt a 1 (588-1065) indicated that the strain AXLKY_2019_010 was identical to reference strain Alternaria longipes strain EGS 30-033, and the clade was supported by 96% bootstrap values. According to the Koch's postulate, the tea leaves were inoculated with PDA plugs with actively growing mycelia using the methods of the puncture, cut and unwound under the laboratory conditions and the natural conditions. Slight yellow spots were gradually formed after 2 d post-inoculation on the inoculated leaves, and the color of the center of the spot changed to be white. With the prolonging of inoculation time, the size of lesion represented to be slightly enlarged. PDA plugs without mycelia were used as a control, and the control group showed no symptoms. The same isolates were consistently reisolated from inoculated leaves. A. longipes can cause leaf blight of carrots in Israel (Vintal et al. 2002), leaf spot of potato in Pakistan (Shoaib et al. 2014) and leaf spot of Atractylodes macrocephala in China (Tan et al. 2012). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. longipes causing leaf spot on tea in China and our findings will be useful for its management and for further research.

Multigene Phylogeny Reveals Haploanthostomella elaeidis gen. et sp. nov. and Familial Replacement of Endocalyx (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota).

During our investigation of palm fungi in Thailand, two interesting taxa from Elaeis guineensis and Metroxylon sagu (Arecaceae) were collected. Based on phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset of ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tub2 nucleotide sequences as well as unique morphological characteristics, we introduce the new genus Haploanthostomella within Xylariales, and a new species Endocalyx metroxyli. Additionally, in our study, the genus Endocalyx is transferred to the family Cainiaceae based on its brown conidia and molecular phylogenetic evidence.

Blastophragmia plurisetulosa gen. & sp. nov. from China

A new asexual ascomycete genus and species, Blastophragmia plurisetulosa, is described and illustrated from a specimen collected on dead branches of unidentified plants in Hainan Province, China. The fungus is distinguished by macronematous, unbranched, determinate or percurrently extending conidiophores, and solitary, acrogenous, fusiform to ellipsoidal, 3-euseptate, smooth, brown conidia with a single apical setula and 2–4 basal setulae, seceding rhexolytically from monoblastic, integrated, terminal conidiogenous cells. A key to Blastophragmia and its morphologically similar genera is provided.

<strong><em>Hyaloterminalis</em>, a novel genus of Coryneaceae in order Diaporthales </strong>

The dematiaceous coelomycete Hyaloterminalis alishanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Coryneaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes) is introduced in this paper. It was isolated from dead branches of Cerasus sp. from the Ali Mountain, Taiwan. Coryneum was previously the only genus in Coryneaceae, and morphological similarity of Hyaloterminalis with the type genus is limited to broadly fusiform, brown conidia. Hyaloterminalis differs from Coryneum in having pycnidial conidiomata, persistent paraphyses and conidiophore morphology, with a long narrow hyaline tip to the apical cell and hyaline basal cells. Multigene phylogenetic analyses, using a combined LSU, ITS and TEF1-α sequence data generated from maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and MrBayes analyses, confirmed that Hyaloterminalis forms a distinct lineage within Coryneaceae and its establishment as a new genus is well-supported. The new taxon is described, illustrated and compared with Coryneum. The ITS (MH861215) and LSU (MH872982) sequences obtained from the ex-type strain of Talekpea foeticia, confirm its status as a member in Coryneaceae. Therefore, Talekpea is accepted as a distinct genus in Coryneaceae.

Exophiala Dermatitidis Isolated From Blood In Patient With Steroid Use

CasestudyExophiala dermatitidis is a dematiaceous mold that is associated with subcutaneous, central nervous system and pulmonary infections; osteomyelitis; and disseminated disease. Isolation of E. dermatitidis from patients with mild symptoms may be difficult to interpret whether is a contaminant or asymptomatic patient with serious infection. However, it is important to diagnose asymptomatic patients early in the stage because of up to 25% mortality rate.Results77-year-old male with history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented to his pulmonologist with cough. He was started on azithromycin and steroids. His cough worsened and he was transitioned to levofloxacin with continuation of steroid treatment. In addition, he developed fatigue, weakness, poor appetite, chills and nights sweat along with some urinary complaints. His chest X-ray showed infiltrates and he was diagnosed with left lower lung pneumonia and urinary tract infection and was treated with doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. Blood cultures were drawn. Additional past medical history was not significant.Blood culture became positive on day 4 of incubation. Gram stain showed yeast-like cells, but the blood culture multiplex PCR was negative. Serum cryptococcus antigen was negative. Three days later, a dark shiny olive-colored colony with dark obverse side was isolated. It grew at 42 C. Microscopic examination revealed hyaline and pigmented hyphae with brown conidia. It was identified as Exophiala dermatitidis and confirmed by the state public health laboratory. Blood cultures drawn after hospital admission remained negative. Patient’s symptoms improved with antibiotic treatment. Therefore the clinicians believed that the E. dermatitidis was a probable contaminant and patient was discharged with follow-up. During the follow-up process he developed respiratory infection with Coronavirus (HKU1, NL63, 229E, OC43). Follow-up continues.ConclusionBlood cultures are not sensitive for mold infection especially for an uncommon contaminant like E. dermatitidis, it may be difficult to decide whether a positive culture is a real result or not. Fungal antigen tests such as beta-D-glucan test may be helpful in distinguishing between invasive infection and contaminant. Additionally, we believe that in our case, steroid use could have caused a temporary immunosuppression and led to Exophiala dermatitidis infection.

Varioseptispora chinensis gen. & sp. nov., V. apicalis nom. nov., V. hodgkissii comb. nov., and V. versiseptatis comb. nov.

Varioseptispora chinensis, a new genus and species, collected on decaying twigs of unidentified plants in Hainan, China, is described and illustrated. The genus is characterized by macronematous, unbranched, conidiophores with polytretic, integrated, terminal or intercalary conidiogenous cells that produce solitary, acropleurogenous distoseptate and euseptate, brown conidia. The illegitimate Helminthosporium apicale V. Rao & de Hoog is accommodated in Varioseptispora as the replacement name V. apicalis ; and two Spadicoides spp. are accommodated as the new combinations V. hodgkissii and V. versiseptatis. A synoptic table and key to Varioseptispora species are provided.

Anasporidesmiella gen. nov. for an atypical Sporidesmiella species and for A. manifesta sp. nov.

The authors describe and illustrate new genus, Anasporidesmiella, typified by Sporidesmiella angustobasilaris [≡ A. angustobasilaris, comb. nov.], and a new species, A. manifesta . Anasporidesmiella is characterized by macronematous mononematous brown conidiophores frequently reduced to monoblastic determinate conidiogenous cells and solitary cylindrical distoseptate brown conidia with truncated or rounded bases. Anasporidesmiella manifesta is distinguished by cylindrical 7–12-distoseptate reddish-brown conidia with rounded basal cells. Several illustrations of conidiogenous cells and conidia of the Sporidesmiella species complement the discussion of the new genus.

<p><strong><em>Phaeosphaeriopsis omaniana </em></strong><strong>(Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales), a novel fungus from Oman</strong></p>

A fungus within the genus Phaeosphaeriaceae was isolated from brown leaf spot samples of Dracaena serrulata Baker (Yemen dragon tree) collected from Oman Botanic Garden, Muscat, Oman. Detailed morphological studies showed that this strain fits well within the species concept of the genus Phaeosphaeriopsis. Multilocus phylogeny based on LSU, ITS and TEF confirmed its uniqueness and supports its recognition as a new species, Phaeosphaeriopsis omaniana. Geography, pathogenic life mode and subglobose, smooth and brown conidia of the newly described species clearly differ from those of phylogenetically related species. A comprehensive description and illustrations of the new species, P. omaniana is provided and discussed with comparable taxa.

Dendrographium multiseptatum sp. nov. from China

A new species, Dendrographium multiseptatum, is described and illustrated from specimens collected on rotten twigs in China. This fungus is characterized by synnematous conidiophores with polytretic conidiogenous cells producing obclavate, 6–9-distoseptate, pale brown conidia.

Natonodosa speciosa gen. et sp. nov. and rediscovery of Poroisariopsis inornata: neotropical anamorphic fungi in Xylariales

Natonodosa is introduced as new genus based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic data, and the monotypic genus Natonodosa, typified by N. speciosa, is characterized by mononematous conidiophores, polyblastic, nodose conidiogenous cells and unicellular, fusiform, hyaline conidia. The other freshly collected material was identified as Poroisariopsis inornata, a species that since its original description had not been reported; it is characterized by synnematous conidiophores with polytretic, cylindrical and uncinate conidiogenous cells with percurrent extensions, and distoseptate, obclavate, brown conidia. A lectotype and an epitype for the species are established and referred since the original specimen of this microfungus has not been found in any herbarium. Placement of both taxa in Xylariales was ascertained by BLASTn searches. Maximum likelihood analysis of the combined sequence data of the ribosomal rDNA (ITS and partial LSU region), as well as partial gene regions coding for the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and beta-tubulin (TUB2), was performed. In addition, a new name, Guarroa, is proposed for replacing the illegitimate genus name Phaeobotrys M. Calduch, Gene & Guarro. A dichotomous key to the new genus and morphologically similar taxa is provided.

First Report of Leaf Spot of Alcea rosea Caused by Alternaria alternata in Italy

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 2First Report of Leaf Spot of Alcea rosea Caused by Alternaria alternata in Italy PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Leaf Spot of Alcea rosea Caused by Alternaria alternata in ItalyA. Garibaldi, G. Gilardi, S. Matic, I. Luongo, and M. L. GullinoA. GaribaldiCentre of Competence for Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), 10095 Grugliasco, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, G. GilardiCentre of Competence for Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), 10095 Grugliasco, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, S. MaticCentre of Competence for Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), 10095 Grugliasco, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, I. LuongoCentre of Competence for Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), 10095 Grugliasco, ItalyDISAFA, 10095 Grugliasco, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, and M. L. Gullino†Corresponding author: M. L. Gullino; E-mail Address: marialodovica.gullino@unito.ithttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7706-1915Centre of Competence for Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), 10095 Grugliasco, ItalyDISAFA, 10095 Grugliasco, ItalySearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations A. Garibaldi1 G. Gilardi1 S. Matic1 I. Luongo1 2 M. L. Gullino1 2 † 1Centre of Competence for Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), 10095 Grugliasco, Italy 2DISAFA, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy Published Online:20 Nov 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1614-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Alcea rosea L. (common name hollyhock) is an ornamental plant in the family Malvaceae, typically grown in parks and gardens. During spring 2019, extensive necrosis was observed on leaves of plants grown in a private garden near Biella in northern Italy (45.6121660 latitude and 8.0562970 longitude). The disease affected approximately 50% of about 100 plants, grown under high relative humidity at temperatures between 15 and 25°C. The first symptoms were usually brown, circular lesions of 1 to 4 mm, surrounded by a yellow halo, frequently localized on basal leaves. As disease progressed, lesions coalesced and enlarged. The center of lesions generally fell out, giving the leaf spot a shot-hole appearance. Plants were sometimes defoliated. A fungus was consistently isolated from infected leaves tissues of five affected plants on potato dextrose agar (PDA), with streptomycin sulfate added at 25 mg/liter, resulting in 10 morphologically similar isolates collected. The representative monoconidial isolate 19-24, grown for 7 days at 20 to 22°C at 12 h dark/12 h light on potato carrot agar, produced a greyish to dark mycelium with brown conidia, alone or mostly in chain of seven to 15 elements, ovoid, elliptical, or obclavate in shape. Conidia showed one to five transverse and zero to three longitudinal septa and measured 10.3 to 41.4 µm (average 26.1 µm, n = 40) × 5.2 to 12.5 µm (average 9.5 µm, n = 40). The beaks when present measured 1.5 to 7.2 µm (n = 29). Based on its morphological characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria sp. (Simmons 2007). The extraction of the DNA from the 19-24 isolate was carried out with the E.Z.N.A. Fungal DNA Mini Kit (Omega Bio-Tek, Darmstadt, Germany), and a PCR reaction was performed using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (White et al. 1990), the rpb2, the endoPG, the tef1, and the OPA10-2 primers (Woudenberg et al. 2015). Sequences with 587 (ITS), 865 (rpb2), 460 (endoPG), 269 (tef1), and 633 bp (OPA10-2) (GenBank accession nos. MN249628, MN258022, MN258023, MN258024, and MN258025, respectively) were obtained. A BLASTn analysis of these sequences exhibited 100% identity with the ex-type CBS 916.96 of Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler in ITS, rpb2, and tef1 portions (accession nos. AF347031, KC584375, and KC584634, respectively) and 99% identity in OPA10-2 and endoPG portions (accession nos. KP124632 and JQ811978, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis based on endoPG sequences grouped the 19-24 isolate with reference isolates of A. alternata and not with those of other Alternaria species. A pathogenicity test was performed by spraying leaves of healthy 4- to 5-month-old hollyhock plants with a spore suspension (105 CFU/ml) obtained from cultures of two isolates (19-24.1 and 19-24.2) grown on PDA for 10 to 12 days, in light-dark, at 22 ± 1°C. Plants inoculated only with sterilized water served as controls. Three inoculated and three noninoculated plants were used in each trial. Plants were covered with plastic bags for 5 days after inoculation and maintained outdoors at temperatures ranging between 17 and 29°C. The first lesions developed on leaves 10 days after inoculation, whereas control plants remained healthy. A. alternata was consistently reisolated from the lesions of the inoculated plants only. Pathogenicity tests were carried out twice. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of A. alternata on A. rosea in Italy, although A. tenuissima and Alternaria sp. were reported in Cuba and Florida, respectively (Farr and Rossman 2019). The presence and importance of this disease is, at present, limited. A. alternata has a wide host range, and this report adds to the list a new host.

Beltraniomyces panthericolor and B. pulcher spp. nov. from Brazil

Two new Beltraniomyces species found on decaying leaves and wood in Brazil are described and illustrated. Beltraniomyces panthericolor is distinguished by biconic, brown conidia with multiple, irregular, dispersed, smoky to gray-brown spots that resemble leopard spots. Beltraniomyces pulcher is characterized by biconic conidia with rounded to subobtuse apices.

Morganjonesia gen. nov. for two atypical Corynespora and Teratosperma species

Morganjonesia is proposed as a new genus for two species, Corynespora calophylli and Teratosperma litchii, which have monotretic conidial ontogeny on the terminal conidiogenous cells and solitary, euseptate, verruculose, brown conidia with a single, subulate or acute, hyaline conidial appendage at the apex (sometimes with another downwardly-direct conidial appendage). Illustrations of both species are provided.

<p><strong>Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of <em>Thyrostroma ephedricola</em> sp. nov. (Dothidotthiaceae) and proposal for <em>Thyrostroma jaczewskii </em>comb. nov.</strong></p>

Thyrostroma ephedricola, isolated from Ephedra equisetina from Uzbekistan is introduced as a new species and a new combination, Thyrostroma jaczewskii (B. Sutton) is proposed. Both species are characterised by sporodochial, punctiform conidiomata, and brown cylindrical to subcylindrical, 1–3-septate conidiophores, cylindrical, clavate, or ellipsoid to pyriform brown conidia. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on analyses of ribosomal DNA (ITS, LSU and SSU regions) of Thyrostroma species, strongly supports the recognized taxa as a monophyletic group. The introduction of the new species is supported by both morphological and molecular data.