Bronchopulmonary System Research Articles

Роль аутоиммунных нарушений в патогенезе цереброваскулярной недостаточности у детей, больных бронхиальной астмой

It has been shown that the main spectrum of immunopathological reactions in bronchial asthma in children has a clear antigenic dependence not only on the inflammatory-activated intermediate stroma of the bronchopulmonary system, but also on the effects of autoantibodies on cerebral vessels and cell tissue. insufficiency of this contingent of children, which is currently insufficiently studied. The aim is to study autoimmune disorders in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular insufficiency in children with bronchial asthma. 121 patients with asthma aged 5 to 15 years in the period of exacerbation were examined. To study the role of the autoimmune component in the development of cerebrovascular insufficiency and its connection with the autoimmune process in the bronchopulmonary system in asthma in children, we used the method of quantitative determination of autoantibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens of cerebral vessels and topographic structures of the brain and brain, trachea, bronchi and lung tissue. The results showed that the levels of autoantibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens vessels and cell tissue structures of the brain and bronchopulmonary system in children with asthma significantly increased from mild to severe. The rank correlation showed that there is a direct reliable connection between the autoimmune process in the bronchopulmonary system and the level of autoantibodies to the lipopolysaccharide antigens of cerebral vessels and cell tissue structures of the brain. Thus, it is shown that the level of autoantibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens arteries, venous vessels and cell tissue structures of the brain, allows to detect lesions of blood vessels and tissue areas of the brain in cerebrovascular insufficiency in children with asthma.

Surgical treatment of children with a combination of congenital lung malformations and tuberculosis

Congenital malformations of the bronchopulmonary system in combination with tuberculosis are extremely rare in practice, but they usually require surgical treatment. This combination often causes diagnostic difficulties.Characteristics of children and research methods. We have analyzed the experience of surgical treatment of a combination of various congenital lung defects and tuberculosis in 20 children. 9 (45%) children had lung sequestration, 4 (20%) children had lung hypoplasia, 5 (25%) children had congenital bronchiectasis, 1 (5%) child had arteriovenous malformation, and 1 (5%) child had a congenital lung cyst. There were 3 segmental resections, 15 lobeand bilobectomies, and 3 pneumonectomies. All surgeries were performed using minimally invasive approaches (VATS).Results. 11 (55%) patients had diagnostic difficulties of concomitant pathology. Only in 5 (25%) cases they found mycobacteria in sputum before surgery. Postoperative study of material from tuberculous lesions helped to establish multidrug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis and to change the chemotherapy regimen in 3 (15%) patients. There were no postoperative complications or deaths. All surgeries were effective. Long-term results were studied in 16 (80%) of 20 patients over a period from 1 to 10 years. No cases of reactivation of tuberculosis or disability.Conclusion. Resection surgery for combination of tuberculosis and congenital lung defects allowed to clarify the diagnosis and to achieve a direct effect in all patients by clarifying the drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis and to optimize postoperative chemotherapy.

Lumacaftor and Matrine: Possible Therapeutic Combination to Counteract the Inflammatory Process in Cystic Fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis is a monogenic, autosomal, recessive disease characterized by an alteration of chloride transport caused by mutations in the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) gene. The loss of Phe residue in position 508 (ΔF508-CFTR) causes an incorrect folding of the protein causing its degradation and electrolyte imbalance. CF patients are extremely predisposed to the development of a chronic inflammatory process of the bronchopulmonary system. When the cells of a tissue are damaged, the immune cells are activated and trigger the production of free radicals, provoking an inflammatory process. In addition to routine therapies, today drugs called correctors are available for mutations such as ΔF508-CFTR as well as for others less frequent ones. These active molecules are supposed to facilitate the maturation of the mutant CFTR protein, allowing it to reach the apical membrane of the epithelial cell. Matrine induces ΔF508-CFTR release from the endoplasmic reticulum to cell cytosol and its localization on the cell membrane. We now have evidence that Matrine and Lumacaftor not only restore the transport of mutant CFTR protein, but probably also counteract the inflammatory process by improving the course of the disease.

Effect of corvitin on changes in cytokin levels in the development of experimental bronchial asthma in combination with adrenaline miocardial damage

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a fairly common disease of the bronchopulmonary system. Its share is from 0.6 to 2% of all respiratory pathology, in different countries this pathology affects from 1 to 10% of the population, in general, the world has at least 2% of the total population.Cardiovascular diseases continue to be a serious problem in medicine. The reason for this is a large number of stresses of various origins, which cause disruption of the body's adaptive capacity, the development of functional and structural changes in it, which ultimately lead to necrotic myocardial damage.The problem of pathogenesis, early diagnosis and treatment of BA today is not fully understood, it is still one of the serious issues of modern medicine. Despite lengthy research, the serious costs of research, the participation of the world's leading experts, methods of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and rehabilitation of patients remain imperfect, although some progress and serious results have already been achieved.The aim of our study was to find out how cytokine levels will change at different stages of the formation of experimental asthma (EA) and adrenaline myocardial damage (AMD), what will be the indicators in the combination of these pathologies and what will be the effect of Corvitin on disorders combination of EA and AMD.The study was conducted on 127 guinea pigs. Blood sampling was performed on the 1st, 4th, 18th and 25th days of EA development, on the same days in AMD, as well as in combination with EA with AMD, and on the 25th day of development of these diseases with treatment. Corvitin, the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines - tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory - interleukin-10 (IL-10) was determined by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Studies of cytokine levels in different groups of animals (intact, with EA, with AMD, with EA and AMD and in animals after treatment) showed that in animals with diseases, the rate of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α increased with decreasing IL-10. At a combination of pathologies changes were the greatest that testifies to a course of diseases more difficult for an organism.The use of Corvitin showed a positive effect on the violation of cytokine levels and their imbalance, which was due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, quercetin may be effective in the treatment of asthma or a combination of pathologies.

A rare case of surgical treatment of a patient with gastric cancer with Cartagener syndrome

Kartagener Syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that is a part of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), and is characterized by a triad of syndrome including bronchiectasis, polysinusitis and a complete mirror arrangement of the internal organs of the chest and abdominal cavities (situs inversus). In most patients, bronchiectasis in the lungs develops from the first years of life and progresses in time. The tardy diagnostic leads to a poor prognosis of the disease and adduce the development of persistent violations of the function of external respiration. Most often, patients with CS are observed by physicians and pulmonologists from early childhood, since respiratory infections often require annual hospitalization in specialized medical institutions due to abnormalities of the ciliary epithelium of the respiratory tract. However, to date, there are no generally accepted recommendations for the management and treatment of patients in this category. This article describes the case of a newly diagnosed CS in an older patient undergoing surgical treatment for gastric cancer. Despite the pronounced concomitant pathology on the part of the bronchopulmonary system, the perioperative period in the patient proceeded relatively satisfactorily and did not entail an increase in the length of hospitalization.

THE BRONCHOPULMONARY SYSTEM DAMAGE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION EXPOSURE AND RADIONUCLIDES INHALATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CHORNOBYL CATASTROPHE (SUMMARIZING OF 35 YEARS RESEARCH EXPERIENCE).

The review is devoted to the summarizing of 35 years of research of ionizing radiation exposure and radionuclidesinhalation influence on the bronchopulmonary system of clean-up workers of the Chornobyl NPP accident. Radiationand hygienic preconditions for the formation of chronic respiratory pathology are considered, taking into accountthe dosimetric data of irradiation of the bronchopulmonary system.The main clinical symptoms, features of disorders of pulmonary ventilation capacity and endoscopic forms of lesionsof the bronchopulmonary system of participants in the liquidation of the accident were determined.On the basis of pathomorphological, microbiological and immunological researches the pathomorphosis of chronicnonspecific lung diseases in the conditions of the Chernobyl catastrophe is proved.It is proved that under combined influence of external irradiation and inhalation of a fragmentary mixture ofradionuclides in the condition of the Chernobyl catastrophe, the bronchopulmonary system has become one of themain «targets»-tissues, of realization of stochastic and nonstochastic effects.

Autoimune component in the development of celebrovascular insufficiency in children with bronchial asthma

Bronchial asthma (BA) remains one of the most serious diseases of our time. A number of studies have shown that this disease in a number of cases, especially with the threat of termination of pregnancy, acute and chronic diseases of mothers, accompanied by fetal hypoxia, originates in the ante- and postnatal period. In general, taking into account the peculiarities of the cellular tissue organization of the brain and cerebrovascular blood supply, prolonged hypoxic lesions increase the activity of the hypothalamic-diencephalic structures and the cerebral cortex. The existing respiratory disorders lead to hemodynamic and metabolic disorders of cerebral structures, emotional sphere and autonomic regulation. However, this issue in childhood requires further study. The aim is to study autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular insufficiency in children with BA. Materials and methods. We examined 121 patients with asthma aged 5 to 15 years in the period of exacerbation. To study the role of the autoimmune component in the development of cerebrovascular insufficiency and its relationship with the autoimmune process in the bronchopulmonary system in AD in children, we used a method for the quantitative determination of autoantibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens (LA) of cerebral vessels and topographic structures of the brain, as well as to homologous LA bronchi and lung tissue. The results of the studies have shown that the first signs of cerebral hemodynamic disturbance are recorded already in patients with mild disease and are aggravated depending on the severity of BA. Conclusions. The most characteristic changes are an increase in the tone of small and medium vessels and impaired cerebral venous circulation. It was also found that the levels of autoantibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens of cerebral vessels and cellular tissue structures of the brain correlate with an increase in the level of autoantibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens of the trachea, bronchi and lung tissue and reflect the severity of AD in children.

The significance of the distribution of the indicators of humoral and cell immunity and their role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in children with the position of system analysis

Bronchial asthma is one of the common diseases in children of different ages. In recent years, around the world, including in Ukraine, there is a trend towards its sustainable growth. To date, there are no methods of systemic immunodiagnostics that would allow with high diagnostic accuracy to identify clinical forms and severity of asthma, which would allow more fully reveal the pathogenetic mechanisms and individualize approaches to the treatment of asthma in children. The aim of this work was to study the hierarchy of immunological parameters in the pathogenetic matrix, which will determine the features of clinical forms and severity of asthma in children on the basis of systematic analysis. A comprehensive clinical and immunological examination of 176 children with asthma aged 6 to 15 years. To detect the autoimmune component used lipopolysaccharide antigens obtained from homologous cell-tissue structures of the trachea, bronchi and lung tissue from sectional samples of the bronchopulmonary system from accidentally killed children with group I (0) blood 2–4 hours after death. The level of autoantibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens of the bronchopulmonary system was determined by quantifying the autoantibody index – Qφ. As a result of the study for the first time to improve the diagnosis and differentiation of clinical forms and severity of asthma from the standpoint of system analysis was developed immunodiagnostic complex, which took into account the degree of deviation from the norm values (Student's t-test, t = 1.96) and their distribution in pathogenetic matrix. This approach to ranking the positions of immunological parameters allowed to determine the features of humoral and cellular immunity, the process of apoptosis of cell-tissue structures of the bronchopulmonary system and the autoimmune component in the pathogenesis of asthma in children, which opens approaches to individualization of pathogenetic therapy.

Surgery for carcinoid tumor of lungs, bronchi and trachea

To analyze the long-term outcomes of local resections in patients with carcinoid tumors of bronchopulmonary system. There were 52 patients with tracheal and bronchopulmonary carcinoid for the period 2013-2019. The sample included 21 men and 31 women. Age of patients ranged from 20 to 82 years (mean 62 years). Typical carcinoid was diagnosed in 34 cases, atypical carcinoid - in 18 cases. Central tumor was diagnosed in 26 patients. Tracheal neoplasm was found in 2 patients. Another patient had mediastinal tumor. Five patients underwent resection with broncho- or tracheobronchoplastic reconstruction. Surgical approach for carcinoid is determined by its differentiation, localization and lung tissue lesion following a long-standing tumor. These operations are quite safe. Complications occurred after 4 (7.7%) surgeries. Long-term results were followed-up for the period from 8 months to 7 years. There were no signs of recurrence and disease progression after organ-sparing bronchial resection. Local resection with bronchoplasty is advisable for typical carcinoid.

Морфофункциональные изменения в проводящих и респираторных отделах бронхолегочной системы при COVID-19 (аналитический обзор)

The article reflects the analysis of the state of the problem concerning the of COVID-19 (CoronaVirus Disease 2019), the epidemic of which began from the end of 2019 to the beginning of 2020, from the position of the bronchopulmonary system, which is associated with the main route of penetration of the virus of this infectious disease (SARS-CoV-1) with the development of severe pneumonia, often fatal. And if the study and results of the study of this problem are to a certain extent highlighted in the literature, then they concerned mainly the respiratory regions of the respiratory tract (RT), given that mainly complications leading to death are associated with them. At the same time, studies on conducting RT are reflected in a few foreign works, although there are data suggesting their not small contribution to the of COVID-19. In the domestic literature, studies of this kind have not been reflected. The aim of the work is to analyze, reflect and assess the role of possible morphological and functional regional changes in the mucous membrane of the RT in the of COVID-19. Methodologically, the analysis was carried out using a systematic approach based on the material of various databases of biomedical and biomedical scientific information, including such as Index Medicus, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and others for the period, mainly 2020. Results. An analysis of the mechanisms of influence on the morphofunctional state of the mucous membrane of the RT of coronavirus infection is given, depending on their departments, including conductive and respiratory. Methods and approaches to the study of such influence are reflected. The possible role of disturbances in the morphofunctional state and defense mechanisms of the lungs is shown, hypotheses and paradigms regarding the of coronavirus infection are presented. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a whole complex of morphological and functional disorders that determine the development of this pathology, its virulence. The fundamental role of the epithelium of the respiratory tract has been established and multicellular receptor tropism in the of COVID-19 is reflected. In conclusion, it is pointed out that the essential role of epithelial cells not only of the respiratory, but also of the conductive parts of the LTP, mainly ciliates, which are involved in the of COVID-19 not only from the position of functional receptors, but also in terms of violations of the earliest leading protective mechanism - mucociliary clearance aggravating the vicious circle of pathogenesis of this pathology. © 2021 Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. All rights reserved.

Modern methods for diagnosing the function of external respiration in children with bronchial asthma

The aim of the study was to study the validity of spirometry and bodyplethysmography methods for assessing the functional state of the bronchopulmonary system in children with bronchial asthma. Materials and methods. 62 children were examined, among them 27 children with a diagnosis of moderate bronchial asthma and 35 children are conditionally healthy children. All patients underwent a comprehensive study of respiratory function indicators in compliance with research standards. Results. When analyzing the FEV1/FVC index, which characterizes the presence of bronchial obstruction, it was found that in the group of children with BA it was 69.6%, while in the control group it was 97.53%. The analysis of the results of bodyplethysmography showed an increase in ROL up to 117.2% (p <0.005) in children with bronchial asthma, relative to children in the control group (96.9%). Conclusions. Revealed a significant increase in ROL relative to the control group. Based on this, to clarify the presence of disturbances in external respiration and pathology of small bronchi in children with bronchial asthma, a more in-depth examination, in particular, bodyplethysmography, is required.

Exhaled breath condensates from healthy children induce cell death of in vitro cultured cells by activation of apoptosis.

IntroductionExhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a liquefied air, containing a mixture of non-volatile compounds, reflecting pathophysiological status of the bronchopulmonary system. Therefore, EBC analysis may be useful in diagnostics and monitoring of various respiratory diseases. In previous studies it was found that EBC from asthmatic children contained several regulators of angiogenesis. In vitro experiments with EBCs from children with asthma revealed their weak influence on proliferation of various cells. Surprisingly, EBCs from healthy children led to apoptosis of all tested cells.AimTo assess the expression of selected apoptosis-related proteins in human and murine cells exposed to EBC from healthy children.Material and methodsEBCs from healthy children were added to cultures of murine endothelial cells (C166) or human lung fibroblasts (HLF) to induce their apoptosis. For proteome analysis the apoptosis pathway-specific protein microarrays were used.ResultsThe homogenates from EBC-treated C166 cells contained low amounts of Hsp27, which correlated with their fast death. Contrary to C166, the lysates from EBC-treated fibroblasts displayed increased amounts of Hsp27, which correlated with delayed HLF response to the induction of apoptosis. Except for increased caspase-3 in EBC-treated HLF, none of the other apoptosis regulators revealed any significant changes in that analysis.ConclusionsThe screening of apoptosis pathways with microarray technology allowed identification of two molecules, Hsp27 and caspase-3, involved in cellular response to EBC. However, the factor responsible for induction of the cytotoxic effect of EBC from healthy children still remains unknown.

Primary Typical Carcinoid of the Pleura: Case Report

Carcinoid tumors are rare, slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors. The most common location of these tumors is in the gastrointestinal tract and broncho-pulmonary system. Primitive pleural localization is very rare. The majority of cases found in the literature are metastatic forms or relapses. We report the case of a 56-year-old patient with a typical carcinoid tumor of the pleura.

Ефективність засобів фізичної терапії в корекції ознак дисфункції дихальної системи у жінок з абдомінальним ожирінням

Respiratory disorders in obesity occur even in the absence of bronchopulmonary pathology, and in their presence, an excess of adipose tissue worsens the prognosis of the disease. Obese people have a high risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, hypoventilation syndrome, bronchial hyperreactivity, pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using physical therapy in the correction of signs of respiratory system dysfunction in women with abdominal obesity. Material and methods. The study involved 172 women with abdominal obesity of I-III degrees, diagnosed by body mass index and the ratio of waist and hip circumferences. According to the results of the definition of the rehabilitation (therapeutic) alliance, they were divided into two groups. The comparison group consisted of women with a low level of alliance that refused to actively participate in the program of weight loss. The main group consisted of women with a high level of alliance; they underwent a one-year correction program using nutritional modification, increased physical activity, lymphatic drainage, psychocorrection, and elements of respiratory physical therapy. The control group consisted of 32 women with normal body weight. Subjective state, dyspnea intensity, pulsоoximetry and spirometry parameters were studied. Results and discussion. We revealed the respiratory system dysfunction in women with abdominal obesity: subjective signs of impaired respiratory function, a decrease in arterial blood oxygenation, and a decrease in spirometry volumes. Their content and severity were proportional to the severity of obesity. Using respiratory therapy elements in the program of complex physical therapy aimed at reducing body weight let us normalize the studied parameters of the respiratory system function in women of the main group. The low level of the rehabilitation alliance of women in the comparison group led to unsatisfactory implementation of the recommendations provided and was associated with a lack of rehabilitation effect. Improvement in the state of the bronchopulmonary system in women with abdominal obesity is justified both by primary changes in the respiratory system – an increase in spirometry volumes and reserves, improved blood oxygenation, and indirectly – by an increase in the range of motion of the diaphragm, a decrease in the amount of visceral fat and general fitness, which is confirmed by the leveling of signs of restrictive and mixed respiratory failure. Conclusion. It is advisable to include the elements of respiratory rehabilitation in the programs for restoring the health of women with abdominal obesity

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

An epidemiological study of neuroendocrine tumours at tertiary hospitals in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Aim Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumours with varying clinical expression and behaviour. Because of indolent behaviour of NENs, reviewing and evaluation of epidemiological characteristics is a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of NENs at tertiary hospitals considering age, gender, location, and grade. Methods Electronic files were used for a retrospective assessment of the patients with NENs of the gastroenteropancreatic tract and bronchopulmonary system in tertiary hospitals in Bosnia and Herzegovina over the past 15 years (2005-2020). Results Among 438 patients, 291(66.4%) were males and 147 (33.6%) females; the median age was 62 years. The lungs were the most frequent site, 304 (69.4%), followed by the pancreas, 22 (5.0%), colon, 14 (3.2%), stomach, 13 (2.9%), appendix, 13 (2.9%), rectum,11 (2.5%), small intestine, eight (1.8%) and gallbladder, one (0.2%). Metastases were most frequently found in the liver, 35 (8%) and lymph nodes, 15 (3.42%). Conclusion The results were largely consistent with those in literature, including age, gender, location, and the degree of differentiation. Most metastases originated from high-grade tumours and greater impairment of the liver.

PREMORBIDITY IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL AREA IN CHILDREN

Current state-of-the-art technologies facilitate studying the role of internal and external factors at a higher organ-specific level, and the broad and systematic provision of treatment and prevention care for child population of all age groups differs favorably from the routine visit to a doctor, if necessary. Apparently, the above methodological approach enables establishing different responses of the body to damaging factors in each case.&#x0D; Methods and Material. 537 case histories of children with acute purulent odontogenic and neodontogenic inflammation of the maxillofacial area have been thoroughly studied. Only medical histories of in-patients have been selected.&#x0D; Results and Discussion. The analysis of premorbid state of 240 patients with acute purulent lymphadenitis has shown that the onset of the diseases was triggered by the experienced ARVI in 89 patients (37%) and in 37 cases (15%) inflammation of the lymph nodes coincided with manifestations of acute pathology of the ENT organs; in 34 (14%) cases it was combined with acute inflammation of the bronchopulmonary system, in 23 (10%) cases with disorder of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), in 13 (6%) cases it was provoked by acute periodontitis and exacerbation of chronic periodontitis in temporary and permanent molars of the mandible.&#x0D; Concomitant chronic somatic diseases were detected in 122 patients (51%). They most often occurred in toddlers, preschoolers and school-aged children and related, in most cases, to the respiratory tract and ENT organs.&#x0D; Precursors of adenophlegmon in 150 patients were ARVI (45 children (30%)); acute inflammation and exacerbation of chronic ENT processes (21 children (14%)); pathological changes in the bronchopulmonary system (19 children (13%)); gastrointestinal disorders (15 children (10%)); acute periodontitis and exacerbation of chronic periodontitis in temporary molars (20 children (13%)), permanent molars (6 (4%)); acute inflammation of the oral mucosa (5 children (3%)); pyoderma (4 children (3%)). In 15 children (10%) the provoking factor for the development of adenophlegmon failed to be established.&#x0D; Concomitant chronic somatic pathology was diagnosed in 100 children out of 150 (66.7%), and combination of two chronic diseases was found in 6 children (6%). Most often, the chronic course of somatic pathology was established in preschoolers, less frequently in toddlers and school-aged children, and infrequently during breastfeeding.&#x0D; In acute odontogenic osteomyelitis, the source of infection was temporary molars in all toddlers and preschoolers, as well as in 12 school-aged children (18%). In total, the onset of osteomyelitis was triggered by temporary teeth in 67 cases (46%). Notably, 35 cases (52%) were related to the first molar and 32 (48%) cases to the second molar. Complicated dental caries in permanent second premolars caused osteomyelitis in 2 (14%) adult children only. Permanent molars caused the development of purulent process in 78 cases (53%).&#x0D; The analysis of the premorbid state has revealed that the onset of osteomyelitis was preceded by: ARVI (42 children (29%)); general hypothermia (37 (25%)), inflammation of the ENT organs (21 children (14%)) and bronchopulmonary system (15 (10 %)); exacerbation of chronic gastrointestinal diseases (8 children (5%)) and in 24 children (16%) a provoking factor failed to be established.&#x0D; Concomitant chronic diseases of organs and systems were found in 90 children (61.2%) out of 147 with acute odontogenic osteomyelitis of the mandible. The combination of their two nosological forms was noted in 3 children (3%).&#x0D; In conclusion, the establishment of certain adverse factors, or the presence of somatic diseases in children necessitates the formation of a risk group, especially when it comes to the existence of odontogenic foci of inflammation. Timely establishment of factors that can be influenced enables control over them through preventive measures, including routine dental check-ups.

Criteria for differential diagnostics of the bronchopulmonary pathology in employees exposed to occupational air pollutants

Introduction. In recent years the nature of the developing professional pathology of the respiratory system and the features of clinical manifestations have been proved to be determined not only by harmful factors of the working environment but also by individual characteristics of the body, such as age, state of the immune system, etc. In some cases, the differential diagnosis of various forms of bronchopulmonary pathology to date causes certain difficulties.Aim. To establish the criteria for differential diagnosis of the nosological form of the pathology of the bronchopulmonary system from the effects of occupational airborne pollutants using fluorine compounds as an example at different times of diagnosis.Material and methods. 130 patients with an established diagnosis of occupational pathology of the broncho-pulmonary system were examined. All patients were divided into 2 groups: 1 - patients with professional bronchopulmonary pathology, in whom the disease was associated with the occupation during initial hospitalization, during the continuation of work in aluminum production or no later than a year after termination of work); Group 2 - persons with occupational bronchopulmonary pathology, who were diagnosed with respiratory pathology during the period of work, and the connection of the disease with the occupation more than 1 year after termination of work. Patients underwent spirometry, body plethysmography, a 6-minute walk test, questionnaires using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) questionnaire, and respiratory symptoms were assessed using a 4-point mMRS scale. Statistical analysis methods were performed using the STATISTICA software package - version 6 of Stat Soft Inc. (USA). Intergroup comparison of quantitative indices was carried out using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Values are presented as mean and mean error. To establish the criteria for differential diagnosis, a discriminant analysis was performed.Results. The CAT score (strong COPD influence on the patient’s life) was statistically significantly worse (25.91 points) in group 2 (versus 21.85 points in group 1), as well as spirometry indices: FVC, 68.30% of due values against 79.90% and FEV1 - 62.15% against 70.88%. (p &amp;lt;0.05). As a result of discriminant analyzes, informative criteria for the differential diagnosis of occupational bronchopulmonary pathology were established: the severity of shortness of breath on the CAT questionnaire, the total score on the CAT questionnaire; the ratio of the forced vital capacity of the lungs to the forced expiratory volume in 1 minute (FVC /FEV1), the instantaneous volumetric rate after expiration is 25% FVC (MOS25), the instantaneous volumetric rate after expiration is 50% FVC (MOS50, forced expiratory volume per 1 minute (FEV1); total bronchial resistance according to body plethysmography (sRtotal), residual lung volume according to body plethysmography (RLV). The results indicate the progression of clinical manifestations of bronchopulmonary pathology even after stopping work in aluminum new production.Conclusion. The criteria for differential diagnosis of bronchopulmonary pathology from the effects of occupational airborne pollutants taking into account the individual characteristics of the body are established.

Epidemiological evaluation of the probability of consequences of the application of anti-icing material for health of children and adults

Introduction. In recent decades scientific studies show the level and nature of chronic respiratory pathology in the population to be the indicator of the quality of the environment, including the quality of the atmospheric air of modern cities, is in many ways. The exposure of all age groups of the population to chronic diseases of the bronchopulmonary system reliably correlates with the level of air pollution. Many studies are devoted to studying the effect of anti-icing agents (AIA) on human and animal bodies. However, very few works devoted to the causal relationship between the use of AIA and the gain in the prevalence of bronchopulmonary diseases.The aim of the work is to conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis of the level and dynamics of the incidence of diseases of the respiratory organs to assess the likelihood of the consequences of using GMD for the health of children and adults.Material and methods. A descriptive epidemiological analysis of the level and dynamics of the incidence of diseases of the respiratory organs in the population of Moscow was carried out by the main age groups: children (0-14 years), adolescents (15-17 years), adults (over 18 years) for the periods 1995-2001 and 2012-2017 The study was carried out based on medical reporting data (a form of FSN No. 12 “Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the area of service of a medical organization”) provided by the Moscow Department of Health.Results. The results of the study showed diseases of the respiratory system to be the leading pathology in all age groups from 1995-2017. The rate of the increase in the incidence by 2017 has decreased significantly compared with 2000. However, in 2017 compared to 2012, among children, adolescents, and adults there was a positive increase in the incidence of neoplasms, the largest increase was in the group of adolescents - by 7.2%, as well as for many other diseases.Conclusion. Children have been established to be more susceptible to the effects of ecopathological factors, especially during critical periods of growth and development (1 year of life, at the age of 7 years, 15-17 years). The data obtained as a result of the analysis of the increase in the incidence rate of the indicator pathology of respiratory organs and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue among the population of Moscow compared to 2012 confirm the need to continue in-depth studies to assess the possible impact of AIA on the health of the population.

The use of multispiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis

Objective — to analyze the possibility of using multispiral computed tomography to detect bronchiec­tatic disease.Materials and methods. The study involved 36 residents of the Ternopil region aged 12 to 81 years with a clinical picture of bronchiectasis during 2016—2019. The diagnosis was verified by multispiral computed tomography using a Philips Brilliance 64 computed tomograph. All patients underwent clinical, radiologi­cal and laboratory examinations, the following characteristics of bronchiectasis in the lungs were studied — localization, prevalence, the presence of pulmonary pathology of other etiology.Results and discussion. Analyzing the results of the study, it was found that middle-­aged and older people were more likely to have bronchiectasis in men (38.9 %) than in women (22.2 %). In general, the incidence of bronchiectasis increases with age — dominated by patients over 50 years — 63.9 %. In most cases, bronchiectasis was localized in the lower lobes of both lungs in 55.6 %. It was found that in 77.8 % of bronchiectasis were acquired after a disease of the bronchopulmonary system. Patients with bronchiectatic disease also showed signs of COPD — in 58.3 %, the presence of nonspecific manifestations of the inflammatory process in the lungs — in 48.5 %, residual changes after previous pulmonary tuberculosis in the form of dense foci were found in 24.2 % of patients.Conclusions. Multispiral computed tomography, together with clinical and laboratory studies, is one of the main methods for detecting bronchiectasis. This method allows you to establish the exact location, nature and characteristics of bronchiectasis in the lungs.