THE BRONCHOPULMONARY SYSTEM DAMAGE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION EXPOSURE AND RADIONUCLIDES INHALATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CHORNOBYL CATASTROPHE (SUMMARIZING OF 35 YEARS RESEARCH EXPERIENCE).

Abstract

The review is devoted to the summarizing of 35 years of research of ionizing radiation exposure and radionuclidesinhalation influence on the bronchopulmonary system of clean-up workers of the Chornobyl NPP accident. Radiationand hygienic preconditions for the formation of chronic respiratory pathology are considered, taking into accountthe dosimetric data of irradiation of the bronchopulmonary system.The main clinical symptoms, features of disorders of pulmonary ventilation capacity and endoscopic forms of lesionsof the bronchopulmonary system of participants in the liquidation of the accident were determined.On the basis of pathomorphological, microbiological and immunological researches the pathomorphosis of chronicnonspecific lung diseases in the conditions of the Chernobyl catastrophe is proved.It is proved that under combined influence of external irradiation and inhalation of a fragmentary mixture ofradionuclides in the condition of the Chernobyl catastrophe, the bronchopulmonary system has become one of themain «targets»-tissues, of realization of stochastic and nonstochastic effects.