Broccoli Extract Research Articles

Recovery of aqueous phase of broccoli obtained by MHG technique for development of hydrogels with antioxidant properties

Natural and blanched broccoli were processed by microwave hydrodiffusion-gravity (MHG) for recovering their bioactive liquid phases. The corresponding phenolic content, antioxidant properties, colour and energy requirements were evaluated. Functional hydrogels characterised mechanically were formulated with selected bioactive liquid phases. Results indicated that liquid phases obtained from natural and from blanched broccoli using MHG at 300 W exhibited the highest bioactive content (about 0.15 and 0.34 mg GAE/g broccoli dry weight, respectively). The blanched treatment promoted the bioactive compounds extraction (around 18 mg extract/g blanched sample dry weight) without notably modifying the colour features. Energy consumption requirements did not exhibit significant differences between both types of samples, close to 370 kJ. Hydrogels formulated using as gelling matrix both alginate or gelatine exhibited typical gel behaviour, independently of the bioactive extract used. It was identified a gel softening (about ten times) in the hydrogels enriched with bioactive compounds. Textural features were consistent with those found from rheological measurements. Frozen storage for long time periods (3 years) did not damage the bioactive and colour properties of broccoli extracts.

Modulation the Neuro-toxicity Induced by Aluminum Chloride in Rats Using Beetroots and Broccli Extracts

Backgound: The generation of oxidative stress can be referred to Aluminium toxic effect in animals and humans. This study aimed to evaluate the role of broccoli (Br) and beetroot (Be) extarcts as antioxidant that prevents oxidative stress that associated with aluminum toxicity.
 Materials and Methods: Fifty Wister female rats were grouped into five groups (each 10 rats): Group 1: control group, administered drinking water only. Group 2: (Neurogenerative) which were induced by oral administration of aluminum chloride (20 mg/kg b.w) daily for one month. Group 3: Rats given aluminum chloride were treated with Rivastigmine (Ri) (1 mg/kg b.w) as a reference drug daily for five weeks. Group 4: Rats given aluminum chloride were treated with beet root extract (50 mg/kg b.w) daily for six weeks. Group 5. Rats given aluminum chloride were treated with broccoli extract (50 mg/kg b.w) daily for five weeks.
 Results: (AlCl3) group showed a significant increase in Ach level (P<0.05) and a non-significant change in DOP and NE levels compared to control. (AlCl3+Be) was non-significant (P˂0.05) change in Ach, DOP and NE levels compared to (AlCl3) group and showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in Ach level compared to control. (AlCl3+Br) showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in NE level and non-significant (P˂0.05) change in Ach and DOP levels compared to (AlCl3) group. (AlCl3+Ri) showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in Ach, DOP and NE levels compared to (AlCl3) group. Also, showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in Ach and NE compared to control.
 Conclusion: Neuroprotective role of broccoli in the present study which may result from its antioxidant properties due to its bioactive content such as glucosinolate, isothiocyanate, Sulforaphane, and flavonoids. Therefore, Broccoli can have a favorable effect on neurotoxicity due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

High-efficiency purification of sulforaphane from the broccoli extract by nanostructured SBA-15 silica using solid-phase extraction method

Sulforaphane, a promising phytochemical, has received much attention in recent decades as a potential anticarcinogenic compound. In this research work, a novel, specific and affordable method has been developed for the separation and purification of natural sulforaphane from broccoli extract using SBA-15 mesoporous silica. SBA-15 was found to be the most efficient in the purification of sulforaphane compared to some of the conventionally used adsorbents and zeolites. The nanoparticles of SBA-15 mesoporous silica were synthesized using the hydrothermal method from natural amorphous silica extracted from rice husk ash with a silica purity of 96%. Structural and morphological analysis of the synthesized SBA-15 mesoporous silica were performed by the XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, and BET techniques. The method includes the primary immiscible solvent extraction of autolyzed broccoli sample with dichloromethane, followed by purification of the extract by SBA-15 mesoporous silica using solid-phase extraction (SPE) method. The recovery of the purified sulforaphane from broccoli extract was >98% using SBA-15 mesoporous silica, which is higher compared to that obtained using current purification methods. The highest purity of sulforaphane product was measured 94% based on the results of analytical HPLC chromatograms. Moreover, the effects of different parameters on the sulforaphane purification by using SBA-15 were studied and optimized.

Broccoli Extract (Brassica oleracea) Decrease Periarticular Malondialdehyde Level and Disease Activity Score in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Adjuvant Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation, progressive joint destruction, significant disability, systemic manifestation and premature mortality. In rheumatoid arthritis, oxidative stress play important role in the mechanism leading to destructive sinovitis. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) is rich in nutritional antioxidants ie. vitamin C and vitamin E, and non-nutritional antioxidants ie. carotenoid, phenolic substances and flavonoids. Broccoli is also rich in polyphenols, a group of phytochemistry considered to have the highest antioxidant content in the diet. Polyphenols inhibit lipid and other molecules oxidation through rapid hydrogen atom donation to free radicals which is likely quench oxidative stress. Three groups of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used in this study (n=8/group). The first group were non treated control. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in the other two groups by intradermal injection of 0,1 ml Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) on the tail base. After 14 days, booster 0,1 ml CFA was given intradermally on the right and left dorsal feet. In one of the groups 2 gr/kgBW/day broccoli extract were administered per oral for 14 days since symptoms of adjuvant arthritis were appeared (21 days after adjuvant arthritic induction). At the end of experiment (on day 36), periarticular tissue MDA (Malondialdehyde ie. marker of oxidative tissue destruction) level and disease activity score were measured. The result of this study showed that broccoli significantly decreased periarticular tissue MDA level (p=0.001) in adjuvant arthritic rats. Broccoli also decreased disease activity score in adjuvant arthritic rats, but the level of reduction was not statistically significant (p=0.333). In conclusion this study showed that broccoli significantly decrease periarticular tissue MDA level and tends to decrease disease activity score of adjuvant arthritic rats. This outcome is likely due to the presence of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids and flavonoids in broccoli.

Enhancement of storage stability of red beet pigment using broccoli extracts

Enhancement of storage stability of red beet pigment using broccoli extracts

The impact of freeze dried broccoli extract to mitigate inflammation in human adipocytes through the mevalonate pathway

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Broccoli extract improves chemotherapeutic drug efficacy against head-neck squamous cell carcinomas.

The efficacy of cisplatin (CIS) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) remains restricted due to their severe toxic side effects on non-cancer (normal) tissues. Recently, the broccoli extract sulforaphane (SF) was successfully tested as a combination therapyto target cancer cells. However, the effect of lower doses of CIS or 5-FU combined with SF on SCCHN remained unknown. This study tested the chemotherapeutic efficacies of SF combined with much lower doses of CIS or 5-FU against SCCHN cells aiming to reduce cytotoxicity to normal cells. Titrations of SF standalone or in combination with CIS and 5-FU were tested on SCCHN human cell lines (SCC12 and SCC38) and non-cancerous human cells (fibroblasts, gingival, and salivary cells). Concentrations of SF tested were comparable to those found in the plasma following ingestion of fresh broccoli sprouts. The treatment effects on cell viability, proliferation, DNA damage, apoptosis, and gene expression were measured. SF reduced SCCHN cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. SF-combined treatment increased the cytotoxic activity of CIS by twofolds and of 5-FU by tenfolds against SCCHN, with no effect on non-cancerous cells. SF-combined treatment inhibited SCCHN cell clonogenicity and post-treatment DNA repair. SF increased SCCHN apoptosis and this mechanism was due to a down-regulation of BCL2 and up-regulation of BAX, leading to an up-regulation of Caspase3. In conclusion, combining SF with low doses of CIS or 5-FU increased cytotoxicity against SCCHN cells, while having minimal effects on normal cells.

Aqueous extract of broccoli mediated synthesis of CaO nanoparticles and its application in the photocatalytic degradation of bromocrescol green.

CaO nanoparticles have been prepared using CaCl2 and aqueous extract of broccoli as a precursor and reducing agent, respectively. Different volumes of the aqueous broccoli extract were utilised to obtain Ca(OH)2 and subsequent calcination gave CaO nanoparticles. The synthesised CaO was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology was studied using transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), and the surface composition of Ca(OH)2 was explored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The major functional groups present in the capping material responsible for the reduction of the metal salt and the surface passivation of Ca(OH)2 were identified. The XRD pattern revealed cubic phase for all the CaO nanoparticles, and the crystallite size was estimated using Scherrer's equation showed a variation which is dependent on the volume of the extract used. TEM analysis showed different shapes, while the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) results confirmed the crystallinity of the nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis of Ca(OH)2 showed the decomposition product to be CaO. Sample C3, which has the smallest particle size, was used as a catalyst for the degradation of bromocresol green via photo irradiation with ultraviolet light and the result revealed a degradation efficiency of 60.1%.

A Systems Approach to ER Stress Pathway Dynamics Reveals the Impact of Freeze-Dried Broccoli Extract to Mitigate Inflammation in Human Adipocytes through the Mevalonate Pathway

Background: Delivery of nutrient excess in obesity causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress within adipose tissue; this activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. This study aimed to utilise freeze-dried broccoli extract (BE) as a nutrient to mitigate such cellular damage in human adipocytes, and create a mathematical model to understand pathway dynamics. Methods: Differentiated human adipocytes (Chub-S7; n=6) were treated with BE (10ng/ml) alone or combined with tunicamycin (Tun; 750ng/ml), an inducer of ER stress. UPR proteins (BiP, PERK, P-PERK, eIF2α, P-eIF2α) were measured (18 time points; 0hr-72hr) using Western Blot and transcriptomics. Mass action kinetics was used to create ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to model the UPR for predictive analysis. Results: Tun increased UPR proteins 9.5 fold (P<0.05), whilst BE+Tun reduced ER stress proteins by 94% (P<0.05). Transcriptomic analysis highlighted significant changes in the mevalonate pathway with BE (P<0.05), whilst time series data identified oscillatory behaviour of UPR proteins. Finally, modelling pathway dynamics, time-series analysis improved the error between model output and experimental data by 23%, yielding a new enhanced qualitative model. Conclusion: BE acts to alleviate ER stress in human adipocytes by reducing the UPR through the mevalonate pathway. Furthermore, modelling pathway dynamics using experimental data may provide insight into predicting nutrient capabilities to reduce inflammation. Disclosure A. Murphy: None. S. Azharian: None. G. Tripathi: None. G. Barker: None. M.J. Chappell: None. P.G. McTernan: None.

Improving Preservation of Udong Fried-Balls by Using Broccoli Extract

Improving Preservation of Udong Fried-Balls by Using Broccoli Extract

Evaluation of a sicilian black broccoli extract on in vitro cell models

Vegetable crops of Brassica oleracea contain significant amounts of antioxidant compounds, such as glucosinolates (GLS) which, upon disruption of the tissue, are broken down by the endogenous enzyme myrosinase (MYR), resulting in production of isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, nitriles, goitrin and epithionitriles. In particular, isothiocyanates are known to exert beneficial effects for human health. Several studies describe isothiocyanates (ITCs) as inhibitors of mitosis and stimulators of apoptosis in human tumor cells. The Sicilian black broccoli is a neglected crop of Mt. Etna towns showing a particular GLS profile mainly represented by GRA and NGBS and their derivatives. We investigated the effects of different concentrations (0-25 μM) of various GLS: gluconasturtiin (GNT), glucoraphanin (GRA), progoitrin (PRO), sinigrin (SIN), glucoiberin (GIB), gluconapin (GNA), sinalbin (GSI), glucobrassicin (GBS), glucobrassicanapin (GBN) and glucoerucin (GER) on the growth of HT29 (colon cancer) and A2058 (melanoma cancer) cells, after 24 h of treatment, in presence or not of MYR (0.018 U, in situ method). The same cell lines were also exposed to the Sicilian black broccoli juice extract (from leaves and stems) at different amount (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5%), with and without MYR. Cellular viability was evaluated by MTT assay. GLS, alone and in presence of MYR, elicited different grades of toxicity in both cell lines models. GRA and GNT showed less toxicity than their breakdown products and opposite results were obtained with GBS and GBN. Black broccoli juice showed to be less toxic in presence of MYR; this effect is particular evident at higher juice percentages (1 and 5%), corresponding to 5 and 25 µM, respectively of GRA and NGBS. Certainly, juice extract activity on in vitro cell lines cannot only be explained by the peculiar GLS profile; probably, the interaction of others compounds, such as polyphenols, have to be taken into account. In conclusion, not all breakdown GLS products show more toxicity than their precursors, at least in the in vitro cell cancer models we utilized.

Changes in folate characteristics and its identification in broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica) extract fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria Mixed Culture (LAB)

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica) was fermented by cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a potential source of natural folic acid. This study aimed to evalte characteristic changes and to identify folate compounds from broccoli extract, fermented by mixed LAB cultures (L. bulgaricus, S. thermophulus, L.acidophilus, Bd. bifidum). The formulation of broccoli extract was fermented with variation of LAB starter culture with concentrations of 10 and 20%(v/v), and the change of characteristic of folic acid compound during fermentation (0 to 48 hours) with an interval of 8 hours was evaluated. The results showed that the fermentation of broccoli extract with different concentration of LAB culture had an effect on the concentration of folic acid produced, as well as the change of concentration of folic acid during the fermentation time interval. The optimum condition was obtained based on the highest folic acid concentration of 6.74%, at culture concentration of 20% during 24 hour fermentation with the value of folic acid concentration of 72.11 μg/mL, pH value of 4.29, total sugars of 34.61%, total acids of 0, 97%, dissolved protein of 14.64 mg/mL and total LAB of log 13.02 + 0.05 cfu / ml.

Aqueous Extract of Glucoraphanin‐Rich Broccoli Sprouts Inhibits Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products and Attenuates Inflammatory Reactions in Endothelial Cells

We have previously shown that sulforaphane not only inhibits formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) but also exerts anti-inflammatory effects on AGE-exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and AGE-injected rat aortae. Here we examined the effects of aqueous extract of glucoraphanin-rich broccoli sprouts on formation of AGEs and then investigated whether the extract could attenuate inflammatory or oxidative stress reactions in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)- or AGE-exposed HUVECs. Fresh broccoli sprouts were homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline and filtered through a gauze. After centrifugation, clear extract was obtained. AGE formation was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured using a fluorescent dye. Five percent broccoli sprout extract inhibited the formation of AGEs, reduced basal gene expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1,) and receptor for AGEs (RAGE), and upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA levels in HUVECs. TNF-α upregulated MCP-1, ICAM-1, and RAGE mRNA levels in HUVECs, all of which were attenuated by the treatment with 1% broccoli sprout extract. Pretreatment of 1% broccoli sprout extract prevented the ROS generation in HUVECs evoked by AGEs. The present study demonstrates that sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract could inhibit the AGE-RAGE axis and exhibit anti-inflammatory actions in HUVECs. Supplementation of sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract may play a protective role against vascular injury.

Phyto-mediated synthesis and photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles using aqueous extract of broccoli

Phyto-mediated synthesis and photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles using aqueous extract of broccoli

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) Reduces Oxidative Damage to Pancreatic Tissue and Combats Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Rats.

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes and hyperglycaemia. The protective effects of natural extracts against diabetes are mainly dependent on their antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) exerts beneficial health effects in several diseases including diabetes; however, the mechanism has not been elucidated yet. The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential hypoglycaemic and antioxidant properties of aqueous broccoli extracts (BEs) in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) drug was used as a diabetogenic agent in a single intraperitoneal injection dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. The blood glucose level for each rat was measured twice a week. After 8 weeks, all animals were fasted overnight and sacrificed; pancreatic tissues were homogenized and used for measuring oxidative DNA damage, biochemical assessment of glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as histopathological examination for pancreatic tissues was examined. Diabetic rats showed significantly higher levels of DNA damage, GSH depletion, and impaired TAC levels in comparison to non-diabetics (P<0.05). The treatment of diabetic rats with BE significantly reduced DNA damage and conserved GSH and TAC values (P<0.01). BE attenuated pancreatic histopathological changes in diabetic rats. The results of this study indicated that BE reduced the STZ mediated hyperglycaemia and the STZ-induced oxidative injury to pancreas tissue. The used in vivo model confirmed the efficacy of BE as an anti-diabetic herbal medicine and provided insights into the capacity of BE to be used for phytoremediation purposes for human type 2 diabetes.

Antioxidative effects of aqueous extract of broccoli sprouts against Triazophos induced hepatic and renal toxicity in female Wistar rats

Oxidative stress (OS) is a major cause of hepatic and renal disorders, so present investigation was designed to evaluate the antioxidative efficacy of aqueous broccoli extract (BE) via three different doses – 10, 20 and 30mmol – of glucosinolates against toxic effects of triazophos (TZ), an organophosphorous pesticide, in female rats during 30days experiment. Six groups of rats were made and were orally intubated with TZ and BE as per experimental design. TZ and BE induced OS biomarkers of hepatic and renal toxicity – ALT, AST, urea and creatinine – were noticed in plasma, while catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO) were estimated in liver and kidney along with histological and apoptotic observation. Plasma ALT, AST, urea and creatinine levels along with organ OS parameters as CAT, SOD, GST and GPx were subtly improved in all BE+TZ treated rats. Decreased LPO and reduced apoptosis along with improved histoarchitecture was observed in all BE+TZ treated rats. Present study suggest that the administration of broccoli extract and TZ combination in rats can prevent severe alterations of hepatic and renal biochemical markers and disruptions of histological structure by antioxidative potential of BE from sprouts.

PENGEMBANGAN TABLET EFERVESEN KOMBINASI BROKOLI DAN PEGAGAN DENGAN KOMBINASI ASAM DAN BASA

Brocoli and pegagan is a plant that is easy to get and efficacious as antidemensia. The objective of this study was to formulate the plant into an effervescent tablet preparation and to determine the best formula with acid concentration variation. Dry extract of brocoli and pegagan is made by the method of escape then dried with vacuum dryer. The preparation is made by wet granulation method of 3 formula with weight of 4 gram per tablet. The granule test includes moisture content. Result of granule water content ˂5%. Granules are printed in special chambers and conditions and tested for quality. The result of uniform weight test of all formula meets the requirements of Pharmacopoeia Indonesia III; Hardness of tablets 12.06-12.52 kP; Friability of tablets 0.083-0.74%; Test of dissolution time of efervesen tablet ˂ 5 minutes. Preferred test results showed formula III with citric acid concentration: 1: 2 tartaric acid most preferred; Test result of asiatikosida content of pegagan extract is 0.08% and efervesen 0.005% tablet; Test results for vitamin C content of broccoli extract 13.859% and efevesen tablet 16.995%. The results of the physical quality test of effervescent tablets showed that the three formulas met the specified requirements. Stability test results for 8 weeks showed that the effervesen tablet of formula 3 met the requirements of physical quality during storage.

Ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolic acids from broccoli vegetable and using sonochemistry for preparation of MOF-5 nanocubes: Comparative study based on micro-dilution broth and plate count method for synergism antibacterial effect

The aim of this work was comparison study of dilution and plating method for evaluation of the synergism effect of metal-organic framework nanocubes (MOF-5-NCs) and broccoli extract (Brassica oleracea) on antibacterial activity of standard and clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. For this purpose, sonochemical synthesis of MOF-5-NCs was performed and it was characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FESEM and EDS techniques. Maceration extraction (ME) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) methods in three different solvents were prepared and applicability of their extracts were compared in some cases such as radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. The HPLC/UV analysis was applied for separation, identification and evaluation of phenolic acids in prepared broccoli extracts. Then, antimicrobial activity of MOF-5NCs and broccoli extract against gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by detection of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and zone of inhibition (ZOI). The results of in vitro assays showed that dilution method due to flase estimation of 4% viability percentage which is not logic by consideration of MBC well could not be able to estimate MBC. Therefore, plate count method was performed for precise calculation of MBC. MIC of broccoli extract and MOF-5-NCs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were 7.81mgmL−1 and 3.13mgmL−1, respectively.

Type 2 diabetes: Broccoli extract lowers glucose levels.

Type 2 diabetes: Broccoli extract lowers glucose levels.

Broccoli-derived nanoparticle inhibits mouse colitis by activating dendritic cell AMP-activated protein kinase

Abstract The intestinal immune system is continuously exposed to massive amounts of nanoparticles derived from food. Whether nanoparticles from plants we eat daily have a role in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis is poorly defined. Here, we present evidence supporting our hypothesis that edible nanoparticles regulate intestinal immune homeostasis by targeting DC cell. With three mouse colitis models, our data show that orally given nanoparticles isolated from broccoli extracts protect mice against colitis. Broccoli-derived nanoparticles (BDN) mediated activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in dendritic cell (DC) plays a role in not only prevention of DC activation but also induction of tolerant DCs. Adoptively transferring DCs pre-pulsed with total BDN lipids but not sulforaphane depleted BDN lipids prevented DSS induced colitis in B6 mice, supporting the role of BDN sulforaphane in the induction of DC tolerance. Adoptively transferring AMPK+/+ but not AMPK−/− DCs pre-pulsed with sulforaphane prevented DSS induced colitis in B6 mice, further supporting the DC AMPK role in sulforaphane mediated prevention of DSS induced colitis. This finding could open new preventive/therapeutic avenues to address intestinal related inflammatory diseases via activating AMPK.