Broadcast Communication Research Articles

μTesla-Based Authentication for Reliable and Secure Broadcast Communications in IoD Using Blockchain

The Internet of Drones (IoD) manages and coordinates communications between drones in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Ensuring security and privacy in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) networks, i.e. drones, is essential to protect data from cyber attacks. In this context, providing authentication is a major challenge due to the fact that drones are devices limited in power capabilities. The problem is aggravated by the dynamism of IoD networks due to the high mobility of drones, being sensitive to packet loss and handovers. Blockchain technology is attractive to address the problem of centralization of existing authentication protocols. In this paper, we provide a decentralized, secure, and efficient authentication protocol, based on μTesla, that relies on Blockchain to manage drone authentication. We analyze the security and performance of the proposed solution. Simulation results show that the proposed solution outperforms several approaches in the literature, achieving an authentication delay of less than 250 ms with a low information exchange of 1024 bits for 128-bit security level while maintaining low computational requirements.

The F/DR-D-10 Algorithm: A Novel Heuristic Strategy to Solve the Minimum Span Frequency Assignment Problem Embedded in Mobile Applications

Wireless communication supports various real-world applications, such as aeronautical navigation, satellite and TV broadcasting, wireless LANs, and mobile communications. The inherent characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum impose constraints on telecommunication channels and their frequency bandwidths within mobile networks. A persistent challenge in these applications is providing high-demand services to mobile users, where frequency assignment problems, also known as channel assignment problems, assume significance. Researchers have developed several modeling approaches to address different facets of this problem, including the management of interfering radio signals, the assessment of available frequencies, and optimization criteria. In this paper, we present improved algorithms for solving the Minimum Span Frequency Assignment Problem in mobile communication systems using the greedy optimization approach known as F/DR. We solved and evaluated twenty well-known benchmark cases to assess the efficacy of our algorithms. Our findings consistently demonstrate that the modified algorithms outperform the F/DR approach with comparable computational complexity. The proposed algorithm notably achieves the following benchmarks: The modified algorithms consistently produce at least one local optimum better than the traditional algorithm in all benchmark tests. In 95% of the benchmarks evaluated, the probability of discovering a local optimum value (calculated by the modified algorithm) that is better than or equal to the one found by the conventional algorithm exceeds 50%.

PCO-IB: Churn Analysis P2P Networks Using A Peer Co-Operative Intensive Based Schema

The Peer-to-Peer networks used technology of distributed computing. The P2P network is essential for network communication. P2P networks are utilized in many applications due to these benefits. For example, record sharing, broadcast communications, and media streaming. There are a lot of nodes connected to the P2P network. Peers of network frequently join and leave the network at the same time. In the P2P network, this kind of paradigm is called churn. Numerous new examination works uncovered that stir is the primary issue looked by the present P2P organization. Content availability, data accuracy, and overhead were significantly reduced by the churn process. An Incentive-Based (IB) schema was proposed in this paper in order to circumvent the limitations of the P2P network for multimedia transmission. The IB schema that has been proposed encourages fair communication and cooperation among the nodes. Multimedia transmission efficiency in real-time P2P networks is maximized by the IB schema. In this paper, IB outline for the most part centered around the upgrade of the P2P organizations. The proposed construction is carried out utilizing Organization Test system. In P2P networks, the proposed IB schema improved multimedia transmission performance.

A Control Algorithm for Tapering Charging of Li-Ion Battery in Geostationary Satellites

Recently, as the satellite data service market has grown significantly, satellite demand has been rapidly increasing. Demand for geostationary satellites with weather observation, communication broadcasting, and GPS missions is also increasing. Completing the charging process of the Li-ion battery during the sun period is one of the main tasks of the electrical power system in geostationary satellites. In the case of the electrical power system of low Earth orbit satellites, the Li-ion battery is connected to the DC/DC converter output, and the charging process is completed through CV control. However, in the case of the regulated bus of the DET type, which is mainly used in the electrical power system of geostationary satellites, a Li-ion battery is connected to the input of the DC/DC converter. Therefore, a method other than the CV control of the DC/DC converter is required. This paper proposes a control algorithm for tapering charging of the Li-ion battery in the regulated bus of the DET type for Li-ion battery charge completion operation required by space-level design standards. In addition, the proposed control algorithm is verified through an experiment on a geostationary satellite’s ground electrical test platform. The experiment verified that it has a power conversion efficiency of 99.5% from the solar array to the battery. It has 21 tapering steps at the equinox and 17 tapering steps at the solstice.

Beam‐Steering Metadevices for Intelligent Optical Wireless‐Broadcasting Communications

High‐performance beam‐steering devices play a crucial role for optical wireless communication (OWC), which can meet the demand for increasing number of wireless mobile devices and emerging high‐speed multimedia applications. Conventional beam‐steering optical components like spatial light modulator and digital micromirror device are limited to realize a small steering angle (typ. several degrees), thus dramatically limits the spatial scope of OWC. Herein, a beam‐steering metadevice utilizing an ultracompact metasurface assisted with a spatial light modulator is presented, which can significantly increase the beam‐steering angle without at the cost of complicated optical setup like conventionally used angle magnifier. Based on the actively tunable beam‐steering metadevice, an intelligent bidirectional optical broadcasting communication system is designed and experimentally demonstrated, which exhibits nine broadcasting areas covering a large field‐of‐view of 20° × 20°, with user‐defined dynamic beam‐steering ability in each area, and each user has a data rate of 10 Gbps for both upstream and downstream transmission. The proposed metadevices can meet the demand of intelligent optical wireless communication which requires both high‐performance and low‐cost for practical purpose, under currently available technical architectures.

A trajectory optimization method for UAV cascade relay broadcast communication system

An unmanned aerial vehicle's(UAV) trajectory optimization is an important way to improve the performance of its relay communication system. The trajectory optimization method for the UAV cascade relay broadcast communication system that uses the decoding and forwarding protocols is studied. Firstly, the expressions of the signal-to-noise ratio of the UAV and the user are given. Then, a joint trajectory optimization method and a distributed trajectory optimization method for cascaded UAVs based on the minimized maximum user interruption probability are proposed. The transmission performance of the system link that uses the two trajectory optimization methods is studied; the mathematical expressions of the relay communication system's traverse capacity and the outage probability of a single user are given. Finally, the influence of the relay communication system's characteristic parameters on the optimal trajectory of the cascade relay UAV and its performance are verified with computer simulations. The simulation results show that the performance of the two trajectory optimization methods is basically the same, thus verifying the effectiveness of the trajectory optimization criterion.

An AV-MV negotiation method based on synchronous prompt information on a multi-vehicle bottleneck road

Bottleneck roads with narrowed width often only allow one vehicle to pass at once. In this situation, human drivers need to negotiate their right-of-way via, e.g., hand gestures and eye contact. However, when a human-driven vehicle (MV) confronts a driver-less automated vehicle (AV), explicit communication between drivers is no longer possible. External human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) on AVs may facilitate communication in unobscured situations, but MV-drivers can fail to perceive the eHMI information on the AV with other vehicles in front of the AV, blocking the MV’s view. Even if the visibility is not impaired, AV broadcast communications do not target on specific receivers, it is not unlikely that other vehicles may wrongly perceive this information. Instead, an internal human–machine interface (iHMI) can uni-cast the AV intention to MVs since the information on iHMIs is direct to MV-drivers and visible in visibility-blocked situations. However, iHMIs require vehicle-to-vehicle communication technology, and the conveyed information might not be highly trusted as the information is transmitted to MVs rather than being seen directly from AVs. Therefore, this paper proposes a synchronous iHMI+eHMI method for a more unambiguous communication in this multi-vehicle bottleneck road situation. The designed iHMI+eHMI is compared with the baseline i.e., without HMI, iHMI, and eHMI in a video-based driving simulation by subjective evaluations from structured questionnaires. The results (N=24) indicate that HMIs (iHMI, eHMI, and iHMI+eHMI) are more helpful than vehicles without any HMI for the AV-MV communication, and iHMI+eHMI achieves the best performance when the views of MV-drivers are obscured.

Comparative Analysis of News Broadcast and Chinese Tiktok Communication

With the progress of science and technology, the popularity of mobile phones. Nowadays, young people generally have one mobile phone of their own, and some even have two or more mobile phones. TV has never been chosen by many young people as a carrier to know the news as in the past. This is due to the difference between the news broadcast and Chinese Tiktok communication. This paper, through a method of literature review, including inquired the number of people who have watched different softwares recently, analyse factors that causing the difference between news broadcast and Chinese Tiktok platform, and put forward corresponding solutions.

Secure Computation Offloading for Marine IoT: An Energy-Efficient Design via Cooperative Jamming

In smart ocean, the Marine Internet of Things (M-IoT) is ubiquitously used for data acquisition, communication connections, task computation, and so on. However, high-efficient energy consumption and secure yet low-latency transmission are subject to IoT devices' computation capacity and transmit power limitation, as well as wireless communication's broadcast characteristics. In this paper, we investigate the secure computation offloading in M-IoT with the assistance of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) subject to the eavesdropping attack. In particular, we consider a scenario in which USVs are firstly scheduled to set up a high-quality communication link to the high altitude platform (HAP) and then exploited to provide cooperative jamming for the communication security at the physical layer when the HAP is performing computation offloading. We jointly optimize the USVs' positions, the duration of data uploading, the workload offloaded by HAP, the HAP's transmission power, and each USV's jamming signal power to minimize the system-wise energy consumption for completing the total workloads under the latency constraint. Despite the non-convexity, we decompose the problem vertically into a top problem that optimizes the USVs' positions and a bottom problem that optimizes the other variables. The Polyblock outer Approximation and bisection Search based algorithm (PAS-Algorithm) is proposed to alternatively optimize the variables in the bottom problem. And the Code bAsed croSs Entropy algorithm (CASE-Algorithm) is proposed to obtain the suboptimal solution to the formulated joint optimization problem. Numerical results validate the accuracy and effectiveness of our algorithms as well as the performance of optimizing the total energy consumption compared with the benchmark algorithms

Broadcasting Communications in Encouraging Public Participation in Elections

Introduction: Public participation in regional elections is still quite low, even though regional elections are a form of implementing democracy in Indonesia. Broadcasting communications can play an important role in encouraging public participation in Pilkada. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the effectiveness of broadcasting communication strategies in encouraging public participation in regional elections. Method: This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with informants related to the Pilkada and broadcast media. Result: The results of the study show that broadcast media can be used as an effective means of communication to increase public participation in regional elections by conveying appropriate and balanced information and facilitating public discussion of election-related issues. Several effective strategies for encouraging public participation in Pilkada through broadcast media include using attractive campaign jingles, wider coverage of candidates and their work programs, and public debates between candidates, which are broadcast live. Conclusion: Broadcast media is an effective means of communication to increase public participation in local elections by conveying appropriate, balanced information and facilitating public discussion on issues related to local elections.

Adaptive Scheduling MAC Protocol in Underwater Acoustic Broadcast Communications for AUV Formation

With the rapid development of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and the continuous improvement of marine exploration requirements, AUV formation has emerged as a promising technique for performing underwater tasks with greater flexibility, adaptability, and scalability. To achieve AUV formation control, underwater acoustic communication networks (UACNs) are widely used to support information exchange among AUVs. Considering broadcast communications in fully connected mobile UACNs, existing medium access control (MAC) protocols face severe packet collision risk or low reuse efficiency. To improve the timeliness and reliability of the information exchange among AUVs, we develop an efficient scheduling-based adaptive broadcasting MAC (AB-MAC) protocol. The AB-MAC protocol is incompletely centralized, which can be reflected in two aspects. First, to ensure the consistency of the transmission schedule in the network, the AB-MAC protocol selects a control node for each frame to schedule the transmission of all nodes according to the updated network topology. The slot lengths and transmission sequences are changeable in each frame to avoid packet collisions and minimize frame lengths. Second, to further improve the efficiency and robustness of the protocol, all nodes adaptively adjust their transmission time by integrating the information contained in their previously received control packets and ordinary packets. The transmission scheduling problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem, which can be solved by our proposed improved Genetic Algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate that the AB-MAC protocol not only performs well in terms of network throughput and average update interval but also has a high level of robustness even in low-quality underwater acoustic channels.

Institutional communication models and strategies adapted to New Media

New media has revolutionized the way that organizations communicate with their stakeholders. The traditional models of communication, such as mass communication, word of mouth, and direct mail, are no longer enough to reach today's audiences. In order to be successful in this new media environment, organizations must adapt their communication models and strategies to take advantage of the opportunities that new media provides. This paper will explore the various models and strategies that organizations can use to effectively communicate in the new media environment. The first step in adapting communication models to new media is to understand the various ways that people consume and interact with digital content. There are three main models for communicating with an audience online: broadcast, engagement, and relationships. Broadcast communication is a one-way communication model that is used to reach a large audience with a single message. This model is typically used when an organization has limited resources or time and needs to quickly disseminate information to a large group of people. Engagement communication is a two-way communication model that encourages people to interact with content by providing feedback, comments, and opinions. This model is best used when an organization wants to build relationships with its audience and create a dialogue. Finally, relationship communication is an ongoing communication model that focuses on building long-term relationships with stakeholders by providing timely, relevant, and personalized content. This model is best used when an organization wants to establish loyalty and trust with its target audience.

3-D Hybrid Beamforming for Terahertz Broadband Communication System With Beam Squint

In this paper, the three-dimensioned (3D) hybrid beamforming is designed for the terahertz (THz) based broadband broadcasting communication system with beam squint. Specifically, the full-dimensional THz massive multiple input multiple output (M-MIMO) channel model and the array gain of the uniform planar array (UPA) are first analyzed in the context of the beam squint effect. Then, a 3D hybrid beamforming architecture is proposed by leveraging two-tier true time delay (TTD), which is able to combat the beam squint effect from the horizontal and vertical directions. To further reduce hardware cost and power consumption, a low-cost 3D hybrid beamforming architecture with a two-tier TTD and phase shifter combination (TPC) is designed. Simulation results are shown that the performance of the proposed 3D hybrid beamforming architectures is capable of approaching that of the full-digital beamforming counterpart in the face of beam squint, despite relying on reduced implementation cost.

Adversarial Reinforcement Learning-Based Coordinated Robust Spatial Reuse in Broadcast-Overlaid WLANs

Broadcast services for wireless local area networks (WLANs) are being standardized in the IEEE 802.11 task group bc. Envisaging the upcoming coexistence of broadcast access points (APs) with densely-deployed legacy APs, this paper addresses a learning-based spatial reuse with only partial receiver-awareness. This partial awareness means that the broadcast APs can leverage few acknowledgment frames (ACKs) from recipient stations (STAs). This is in view of the specific concerns of broadcast communications. In broadcast communications for a very large number of STAs, ACK implosions occur unless some STAs are stopped from responding with ACKs. Given this, the main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility to improve the robustness of learning-based spatial reuse to hidden interferers only with the partial receiver-awareness while discarding any re-training of broadcast APs. The core idea is to leverage robust adversarial reinforcement learning (RARL), where before a hidden interferer is installed, a broadcast AP learns a rate adaptation policy in a competition with a proxy interferer that provides jamming signals intelligently. Therein, the recipient STAs experience interference and the partial STAs provide a feedback overestimating the effect of interference, allowing the broadcast AP to select a data rate to avoid frame losses in a broad range of recipient STAs. Simulations demonstrate the suppression of the throughput degradation under a sudden installation of a hidden interferer, indicating the feasibility of acquiring robustness to the hidden interferer.

Navigation Data Exchange for Traffic Control

An increase in the number of cars is higher than rates of transport infrastructure development, resulting in a reduction of cargo and passenger transportation efficiency in city conditions. Simulation of flow irregularity in time (peak hour) shows the key role of a car motion interval as a factor of overcoming accumulation at average speed reduction in conditions of highly loaded roads. To reduce the effective time of driver reaction, defining the least distance between cars, it is necessary to minimize the influence of human factors. Automation of the process (unmanned control) requires an effective exchange of navigation and route data between traffic participants. A summary of requirements for such an information exchange system defines the priority of the suggested communication and navigation system (CNS) on the base of radio broadcast communication. Its application gives an opportunity to rise simultaneously traffic safety and efficiency. An increase in neighbor driver action predictability leads to traffic safety ensuring. The exchange of data with traffic control centers (TCC) enables the centralization of motion regulation. A distributed network of transceiver stations forms a local positioning system based on trilateration principles. Algorithms of onboard positioning result verification and automatic resolution of communication conflicts ensure high reliability of CNS functioning. Refusal from point-to-point communication principles allows it to operate even in conditions of high car density up to several thousand per square kilometer. In cooperation with advanced technologies of traffic organization (formation of city highway grid and “total green wave” mode), CNS and TCC are capable of rising the average speed in city conditions higher than 45 km/hour. The aggregate economy of expense on last mile transportation because of the suggested innovations is to be at the level of several GDP percent due to a decrease in accidents and congestion even without accounting for social and ecological effects.

Research on the Routing Method of Swarm Network Based on Moth Search Link Distance and Residual Energy Weights

Routing method is a key technology for swarm communication. In order to reduce the node energy consumption in large-scale swarm communication, a routing method based on moth search link distance and residual energy is proposed. First, the swarm network is divided into sub-cluster networks by filtering of cluster head nodes. The node with more residual energy is used as cluster head to forward data signals from other nodes. The link between cluster head and edge nodes is established by relaying the signals from the nodes. The routing function of the link is established by calculating the distance and residual energy weight of the nodes. During cluster head broadcast communication, a modified moth-based search algorithm is applied to solve the combined weights of the routes. The optimal solution of the function constitutes the best route within the subcluster. Simulation results show that the proposed method meets the communication requirements, while the performance of the proposed method is higher than other mainstream algorithms by comparing the magnitude of three metrics: network coverage, residual energy and BER. The proposed routing method reduces the energy consumption of multi-node cluster network communication. The method achieves routing for large-scale cluster communication.

Hexagonal Ferrite MFe12O19 (M=Sr, Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb) Based Photocatalysts: Photoluminescence, Photocatalysis and Applications

Hexagonal ferrite (MFe12O19, M=Sr, Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb) is a kind of semiconductor material with excellent performance and an important magnetic material, with high chemical and thermal stability, low cost, simple preparation process, excellent optical, magnetic, wave-absorbing, dielectric, photoluminescence properties and catalytic activities have been widely used in broadcast communication, information storage, aerospace, automatic control, catalytic synthesis, medicine and biology and many other fields. This paper focuses on the application of MFe12O19-based ferrite in the field of photocatalysis, and further discusses the effect of preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts. The application of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts in the degradation of dyes, drugs and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was deeply revealed, and the photocatalytic mechanisms of single-phase MFe12O19, ion-doped MFe12O19 and MFe12O19-based composite photocatalysts were also explored. The relationship between photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence properties of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts have also been investigated. This review points out the direction for further research on the application of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts in the field of photocatalysis.

The Construct Of New Media Communication Domain As Television Broadcast Mediamorphosis Output (Television Morphosis)

The adaptation process must be carried out to enable television to become a new media entity and avoid competing with media entities born in the new media ecosystem (organic new media entities). This research provides a road map of television change (televisimorphosis), which originally appeared in Fidler broadcasting communication to television within the domain of new media communication. The adaptation process follows the stages of coevolution, convergence, and complexity. One of the previous findings is that coevolution is the stage television should avoid in media adaptation. This finding confirms the data regarding why television is struggling to adapt to the new media ecosystem. Fidler's mediamorphosis is used as the rationale for this research. However, Fidler’s work does not sufficiently explain new media, so we re-constructed the communication domain concept built by Fidler by building a new communication domain, namely the new media communication domain. The results of this study propose the construction of a new media communication domain. The communication domain will be divided into four domains, including the domain we added, called the New Media Communications Domain, or IoT (Internet of Things) Communications Domain. Within the multidomain convergence process, terms of the format will cross over and give rise to a new character for television, namely Panoramic (Audio Visual Text).

On the critical approach of advertising communication broadcast in private non-commercial radio stations in Côte d'Ivoire. A study of local radios stations in the district of Abidjan.

On the critical approach of advertising communication broadcast in private non-commercial radio stations in Côte d'Ivoire. A study of local radios stations in the district of Abidjan.

Perception synergy optimization with deep reinforcement learning for cooperative perception in C-V2V scenarios

Autonomous vehicles rely on sensors such as cameras and Lidar to collect data to make safe driving decisions. However, the sensors of a single-vehicle may be blocked or interfered with, and then the insufficient perception limits the safety of autonomous driving. Cooperative perception is to expand the perception domain of a single vehicle by sharing the perception data. Cooperative perception based on V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) broadcast communication mode still might transmit a large amount of redundant data. Based on C-V2V (Cellular Vehicle to Vehicle) mmWave communication, fortunately, the edge server interconnected with the 5G small cell base station provides the possibility of centralized processing to leverage the perception interactive features among vehicles to carry on effective cooperative perception scheming. In this paper, a method based on deep reinforcement learning is designed to make centralized decisions to optimize the synergy of cooperative perception. In a highway scene, the road is firstly partitioned into several regions. As for each region, the interactive perception features of local vehicles and the regional perception features are obtained by an embedding method. Subsequently, according to the embedded features, the deep Q-learning network generates a perception combination of multiple vehicles to improve the perception synergy. Compared with the baselines, our proposed method improves the perception synergy. The experiment results show that our trained model has generalization ability and the end-to-end delay is under the constraint of safety critical applications.