Audio Broadcasting Research Articles

Extending Radio Broadcasting Semantics through Adaptive Audio Segmentation Automations

The present paper focuses on adaptive audio detection, segmentation and classification techniques in audio broadcasting content, dedicated mainly to voice data. The suggested framework addresses a real case scenario encountered in media services and especially radio streams, aiming to fulfill diverse (semi-) automated indexing/annotation and management necessities. In this context, aggregated radio content is collected, featuring small input datasets, which are utilized for adaptive classification experiments, without searching, at this point, for a generic pattern recognition solution. Hierarchical and hybrid taxonomies are proposed, firstly to discriminate voice data in radio streams and thereafter to detect single speaker voices, and when this is the case, the experiments proceed into a final layer of gender classification. It is worth mentioning that stand-alone and combined supervised and clustering techniques are tested along with multivariate window tuning, towards the extraction of meaningful results based on overall and partial performance rates. Furthermore, the current work via data augmentation mechanisms contributes to the formulation of a dynamic Generic Audio Classification Repository to be subjected, in the future, to adaptive multilabel experimentation with more sophisticated techniques, such as deep architectures.

Optimizing the Design of a Vocal Teaching Platform Based on Big Data Feature Analysis of the Audio Spectrum

With the development of electronics and communication technology, digital audio processing technologies such as digital audio broadcasting and multimedia communication have been widely used in society, and their influence on people’s lives has become increasingly profound. At present, the real-time and accuracy of musical instrument tuners on the market need to be improved, which hinders the design of vocal music teaching system. Based on the BP neural network algorithm and fast Fourier transform algorithm in FPGA, this paper designs a real-time and efficient audio spectrum analysis system, which realizes the spectrum analysis function of music signal. The methods to calculate fast discrete Fourier transform are the FFT algorithm based on time extraction and the FFT algorithm based on frequency extraction. The characteristic of BP neural network algorithm is that it can not only obtain the corresponding estimation results by forward propagation of the input data but also carry out back propagation from the output layer according to the error between the estimation results and the actual results, so as to optimize the connection weight between each layer. This paper proposes to add Nios II system to FPGA processor and adopt cyclone IV in the hardware design of the system, which can be better compatible with the system designed in this paper. In the software part, WM8731 is used to process the audio data. WM8731 consumes very little power to the system, which will effectively improve the processing efficiency of the system. Compared with the original system, the data model obtained after screening and processing of the system model designed in this paper has an algorithm accuracy of more than 90%, among which the audio spectrum clarity of vocal music can reach 95%. Based on the above, the circuit of each module is tested, and in the specific experimental process, the audio frequency spectrum under different conditions is analyzed and data processed. The system can complete the collection and analysis of various music signals in real time, overcome the limitation of single function of traditional tuner, improve the utilization rate of tuner and the clarity of timbre, and also tune a variety of musical instruments and greatly improve the intonation of musical instruments and the utilization rate of tuner, which has a certain practical value.

Ultrasonic Sound Guide System with Eyeglass Device for the Visually Impaired

The ultrasonic sound guide system presents the audio broadcasting system based on the inaudible ultrasonic sound to assist the indoor and outdoor navigation of the visually impaired. The transmitters are placed at the point of interest to propagate the frequency modulated voice signal in ultrasonic sound range. The dual channel receiver device is carried by the visually impaired person in the form of eyeglasses to receive the ultrasonic sound for the voice signal via demodulation. Since the ultrasonic sound demonstrates the acoustic properties, the velocity, directivity, attenuation, and superposition of ultrasonic sound provide the acoustic clue to the user for localizing the multiple transmitter positions by binaural localization capability. The visually impaired hear the designated voice signal and follow the signal attributions to arrive at the specific location. Due to the low microphone gain from side addressing, the time delay between the receiver channels demonstrates the high variance and high bias in end directions. However, the perception experiment shows the further prediction accuracy in end directions as compared to the center direction outcomes. The overall evaluations show the precise directional prediction for narrow- and wide-angle situations. The ultrasonic sound guide system is a useful device to localize places in the near field without touching braille.

Anatomy podcasts for medical education.

The implementation of podcasts as a complementary educational activity increased over the past year due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Being an alternative channel for transmission of anatomical knowledge, the on-demand audio broadcasts became an intriguing medium for both students and educators. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire study on the evaluation of an audio podcast designed specifically for the first-year medical students as an innovative and optional component of the human anatomy course. The audience expressed their opinions in four categories: engagement in listening to the podcast, content and preferences, technical level and perspectives of using the podcast in further years of medical studies. Despite the non-compulsory nature of the podcast, the listenership reached the level of 45%. In the study, 1608 listeners had access to the survey and the overall response rate was 35.9%. Based on the analysis, the attitude and preferences of the listeners were demonstrated, including the preferred time of listening, length of the episodes, selection of topics, format of the broadcast, or the method of its delivery. Students also commented on the influence of the podcast on passing the final exam in anatomy and a concept of recording broadcasts in a foreign language. The presented data allowed the recognition of the needs of medical students and contributed to the improvement of the ongoing project. The paper presents the technical data and guidelines for educators willing to include this medium in the students' anatomical curriculum.

The impact of the use of digital media in the radio on the dissemination of Islamic culture

The study aims to identify the impact of the use of digital media in the radio on the dissemination of Islamic culture, to identify the concept of digital media, to identify the nature and types of digital databases, and to reveal the role of radio in spreading Islamic culture. The Arab society is distinguished from other societies through the various historical stages, and the importance of this in spreading Islamic culture is highlighted, and social networking sites have also overpowered audio broadcasting as a result of the numerous electronic developments and applications. Beliefs, cultures, and media wars, and among its most important recommendations: the need to allocate financial budgets in order to bring in what is new in relation to digital applications, and to develop solutions to many of the problems facing radio by attracting those with competencies and expertise in relation to digital applications, as well as paying attention to training workers and engaging them in specialized courses Linked to digital applications in order to benefit from them in the improvement and development of radio programs.

Multichannel SDR Platforms for Mobile PCL Applications

This article presents a brief overview of hardware platforms with multiple RF input channels that can be employed in the area of passive coherent location (PCL) and passive synthetic aperture radar. Two families of the platforms are considered, i.e., field-programmable gate array based development boards and general-purpose software-defined radio receivers. Practical solutions that have been validated in field experiments are described: a high-performance four-channel platform and its lightweight version that perfectly suits the needs of low-power moving installations. The preliminary results of target detections are presented, which are obtained from the signals acquired with the lightweight PCL platform. Our results prove that, besides its simplicity, the small and low-power platform can be successfully used in PCL applications that use digital audio broadcasting transmitters as the source of illumination.

A High Performance Hybrid Two Dimensional Spectral/Spatial NZCC/MD Code for SAC-OCDMA Systems with SDD Detection

This paper proposes a new technique to construct a hybrid zero cross-correlation (NZCC) based on multiple diagonal (MD) code for two-dimensional (2D) spectral amplitude coding for optical code division multiple access code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) systems. The proposed hybrid code eliminates totally the multiple access interference (MAI) between a large number of users and allows them to connect simultaneously via the optical communication link with a high speed to receive huge data and serve various areas such as Internet, telephony, DAB radio, digital audio broadcasting, and DVB video. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of such a SAC-OCDA system based on novel 2D hybrid NZCC/MD code can be easily improved keeping a less complex structure using couplers for direct spectral/spatial dimension (SDD) detection and show superior bit error rate (BER) values comparing to previously developed two-dimensional codes including perfect difference (2D-PD), diagonal Eigen-value units (2D-DEU), multi-service (2D-MS) and balanced incomplete block design (2D-BIBD) codes.

Global, Not Yet Local: Media Coverage of Climate Change and Environment Related Challenges in Latvia

Media are essential actors in transmitting, contesting and embedding the attitudes towards climate change, yet media performance in post-communist countries has been relatively little researched. Informed by conceptual frameworks of strategic narratives, agenda-setting and framing, this paper investigates the media coverage of climate change and environment related issues in Latvia. The paper demonstrates the representation of climate change and environment related issues in Latvian and Russian-speaking traditional and online media, using quantitative data analysis of 3753 media articles, video and audio broadcasts from August 2020 till January 2021, as well as qualitative content analysis of seven peaks. The findings reveal a significant amount of climate change and environment related articles and broadcasts in Latvian media. News agencies and public broadcasters are the most important media segments in terms of publishing, whereas online media are prior in terms of the audiences reached. International efforts emerge as a dominant theme in the media coverage, while climate change per se receives a minor journalist attention. Both observations confirm a low level of climate change domestication in the Latvian media. Media reliance on political and government information sources and prepackaged material suggests a high potential for official political narratives to spread, yet the persuasive power of strategic narratives remains blurred as the perception side is highly underreported.

DAB Signal Preprocessing for Passive Coherent Location.

Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) transmitters can be successfully used as illumination sources in Passive Coherent Location (PCL). However, extending the integration time in such a configuration leads to the occurrence of periodical artifacts in the bistatic range/Doppler plots, resulting from the time structure of the DAB signal. In this paper, we propose some methods of signal preprocessing (based on symbol removal, substitution by noise, and duplication) that operate on the DAB transmission frame level and improve the received signal’s correlation properties. We also demonstrate that two of these methods allow us to avoid the mentioned artifacts and thus to improve the quality of the range/Doppler plots with detection results. We evaluate the performance of the proposed methods using real DAB signals acquired in an experimental PCL platform. We also provide the analysis of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) during the detection of a moving target which shows that the proposed solution, based on symbol duplication, can offer around 3 dB of gain in SNR. Finally, we carry out the computational complexity analysis showing that the proposed method can be implemented with a minimal cost after some optimizations.

Audio broadcasting techniques for online academic events in the COVID-19 Era

Audio broadcasting techniques for online academic events in the COVID-19 Era

Jamming Effects on Hybrid Multistatic Radar Network Range and Velocity Estimation Errors

This research studies the effects of three noise jamming techniques on the performance of a hybrid multistatic radar network in a selection of different electronic warfare (EW) situations. The performance metrics investigated are the range and velocity estimation errors found using the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs). The hybrid multistatic network simulated is comprised of a single active radar transmitter, three illuminators of opportunity (IO), a receiver co-located at the active transmitter site, and two separately located silent receivers. Each IO transmits at a unique frequency band commonly used for civilian applications, including Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T), Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), and FM radio. Each receiver is capable of receiving signals at all three IO frequency bands as well as the operating frequency band of the active radar transmitter. The investigations included compare the performance of the network at detecting a single airborne target under conditions where different combinations of jammer type, operating mode, directivity, and number of operating jammers are used. The performance degradation of the system compared to operation in a non-contested environment is determined and a comparison between the performance of the hybrid multistatic radar with that achievable by a monostatic radar and an active-only multistatic radar network within a selection of contested scenarios is made. Results show that the use of spatially distributed nodes and frequency diversity within the system enable greater theoretical functionality in the presence of jamming over conventional radar systems.

MsEmoTTS: Multi-Scale Emotion Transfer, Prediction, and Control for Emotional Speech Synthesis

Expressive synthetic speech is essential for many human-computer interaction and audio broadcast scenarios, and thus synthesizing expressive speech has attracted much attention in recent years. Previous methods performed the expressive speech synthesis either with explicit labels or with a fixed-length style embedding extracted from reference audio, both of which can only learn an average style and thus ignores the multi-scale nature of speech prosody. In this paper, we propose MsEmoTTS, a multi-scale emotional speech synthesis framework, to model the emotion from different levels. Specifically, the proposed method is a typical attention-based sequence-to-sequence model and with proposed three modules, including global-level emotion presenting module (GM), utterance-level emotion presenting module (UM), and local-level emotion presenting module (LM), to model the global emotion category, utterance-level emotion variation, and syllable-level emotion strength, respectively. In addition to modeling the emotion from different levels, the proposed method also allows us to synthesize emotional speech in different ways, i.e., transferring the emotion from reference audio, predicting the emotion from input text, and controlling the emotion strength manually. Extensive experiments conducted on a Chinese emotional speech corpus demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the compared reference audio-based and text-based emotional speech synthesis methods on the emotion transfer speech synthesis and text-based emotion prediction speech synthesis respectively. Besides, the experiments also show that the proposed method can control the emotion expressions flexibly. Detailed analysis shows the effectiveness of each module and the good design of the proposed method.

Radio in the Promotion of Croatian Tourism

Radio is a traditionally popular medium that still has its continuous and stable listenership. The digital age has endowed it with new technical and technological possibilities and multimedia, including a big breakthrough of digital audio broadcasting (DAB+). The Republic of Croatia is one of the leading European road trip destinations. Most of the tourists reach Croatia by car, which allows them to use their own vehicles for excursions during their holidays. Almost half of the population of the European Union is still in the habit of listening to the radio while driving. Therefore, radio stations, particularly those based in Adriatic Croatia, should not be left out from the endeavours to achieve the best possible results in the sector of tourism. The paper presents the findings of a qualitative survey that was conducted during January and February 2021 at radio stations whose headquarters are in this area (N=49). The aim of the research was to determine the current engagement of radio in the production of content intended for domestic and foreign tourists, the modalities and dynamics of cooperation with tourism entities in the field of broadcasting and the potential use of radio in the post-Covid tourist season. Twenty-eight radio editors (56%) responded to the survey. All of them consider radio to be a good medium for tourist promotion, yet the findings indicate a lack of offer of news and promotional tourist content. The most common reasons are unfavourable financial and personnel circumstances. With the synergy between tourist entities and radio stations, radio could prove to be a reliable business partner.

Pendampingan Produksi Pembuatan Siaran Audio (Podcast) Sebagai Perwujudan Katekese Digital Gereja Katolik

This activity is part of the continuation of research on Media Literacy conducted in 2019. The results of the research show that from each skill in media literacy problems arise at the technical skill level and communicative abilities level. These problems are of course the main focus of this activity, especially regarding participation in content creation to maximize communication abilities through applications. Based on the background of the above problems, Audio Broadcasting Production Assistance (Podcast) was carried out as the embodiment of the Catholic Church's Digital Catechism. This assistance is intended, to provide a new way of packaging the message of tempestuous life for all people. The target object of abdimas is the Catholic Church of Saint Yusup Karanpilang. In the context of communication, the Catholic Church of Saint Joseph, including the late majority. So it is deemed necessary to provide assistance so that the content that is disseminated to the public can be accepted and is good for presentation.

Participatory visibility in web radio content production: the case of the radio bubble #rbnews hashtag at the Greek Public Broadcaster shut-down

Current research aims to identify the notion of participatory visibility of web-radio listeners in Greece through the use of social media. A concurrent aim is to discuss how radio listeners intervene in the web-radio content production and by doing so, how they acquire participatory visibility. The way in which listeners of the web-radio station Radiobubble manage their participatory visibility through content production on Twitter and through the use of the participatory news-related hashtag #rbnews, is presented and analyzed. The selected period under analysis is June 11-17 2013, during which the Hellenic Radio-Television (ERT) was shut down. It is shown that web-radio listeners in Greece gain participatory visibility through the possibility of enacting participatory journalism, offered by www.radiobubble.gr online platform. The development of audio broadcasting via the web opens up discussion on the implications that emerge from the convergence of technology and about the impact this new environment has on radio listeners.

MODERN INTERACTIVE METHODS OF DISTANCE LEARNING AND THEIR ROLE IN SPECIALIST PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE FORMATION

Modern interactive methods of distance learning and their role in specialist professional competence formation are considered. In modern conditions the role and place of distant learning forms and the use of modern information innovative technologies keep on growing. In electronic learning different methods of educational information provide can be used: from traditional printed editions to the most modern computer technologies ( radio,TV, audio and video broadcasting, audio conferences, e-learning, Internet conferences, Internet broadcasting ). Today distant learning is one of the key directions in renewal of all links in educational system of Ukraine.

Efficient Multipath Clutter Cancellation for UAV Monitoring Using DAB Satellite-Based PBR

The increasing accessibility of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) drives the demand for reliable, easy-to-deploy surveillance systems to consolidate public security. This paper employs passive bistatic radar (PBR) based on a digital audio broadcast (DAB) satellite for UAV monitoring in applications with power density limitations on electromagnetic radiation. An advanced version of the extensive cancellation algorithm (ECA) based on data segmentation and coefficients filtering is designed to improve the efficiency of multipath clutter suppression while retaining robustness, for which the effectiveness is verified by theoretical derivation and simulation. The detectability of small UAVs with DAB satellite-based PBR is validated with experimental results, with which the influence of target altitude and bistatic geometry are also analyzed.

8 Point DIT-FFT Algorithm Using Verilog

The importance of Digital Signal method (DSP) algorithms has increased drastically in recent times, the two very important techniques of DSP unit the Distinct Fourier rework (DFT) and thus the fast Fourier rework (FFT). DFT is mostly utilized within the applications sort of convolution, a linear filtering etc. Another algorithmic rule to reason DFT efficiently is that the fast Fourier remodels (FFT). Fast Fourier rework processor incorporates a vital role inside the sphere of communication system like audio broadcasting and digital video etc.

Comparative Examination of CO-OFDM Formats for Varied Fiber-Length and Bit Rate

The use of multiple carriers in Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM) makes it bandwidth-efficient and suitable for modern communication such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) internet access, optical fiber communication, digital television, audio broadcasting, etc. In this paper, four modulation formats by using Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulations (CO-OFDM) have been analyzed. These are Single Port Dual Polarization (SP DP) 16 QAM, Single-Port Single Polarization (SP SP) 16 QAM, Dual Port Single Polarization (DP SP) QPSK 16-QAM, and Single Port Dual Polarization (SP DP) QPSK. Operation characteristics such as Bit Error Rate (BER) versus fiber-length and BER versus bit-rate have been examined. The range of fiber length used for this investigation is from 0 Km to 1000 Km with loop count equal to 2 and the range of bit rate of operation is from 20 Gbps to 200 Gbps. The present investigation helps in determining the relative suitability of CO-OFDM formats at various bit-rates of operation for different fiber lengths.

Development of Industry 4.0 predictive maintenance architecture for broadcasting chain

Industry 4.0 Predictive Maintenance (PdM 4.0) architecture in the broadcasting chain is one of the taxonomy challenges for deploying Industry 4.0 frameworks. This paper proposes a novel PdM framework based on advanced Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) to reduce operation and maintenance costs. This framework includes real-time production monitoring, business processes, and integration based on Design Science Research (DSR) to generate an innovative Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) meta-model. The addressed model visualizes sub-processes based on experts' and stakeholders' knowledge to reduce the cost of maintenance of audiovisual services including satellite TV, cable TV, and live audio and video broadcast services. Based on the recommendation and the concept of Industry 4.0, the proposed framework tolerates the predictable failures and further concerns in similar related industries. Some empirical experiments have been conducted by using the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting’s (IRIB) high-power station (located near the capital city of Iran, Tehran) to evaluate the functionality and efficiency of the proposed predictive maintenance framework. Practical outcomes demonstrate that interval times between data collection should be increased in audio and video broadcasting predictive maintenance because of the limitation of the internal processing performance of equipment. The framework also indicates the role of the Frequency Modulation (FM) transmitters’ data clearance to reduce the instability and untrustworthy data during data mining. The proposed DSR method endorses using a customized RAMI 4.0 meta-model framework to adapt distributed broadcasting and communication with PdM 4.0, which increases the stability as well as decreasing maintenance costs of the broadcasting chain in comparison to state-of-the-art methodologies. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed framework outperforms the best-evaluated methods in terms of acceptance.