Broad Styles Research Articles

Starting fresh: a mixed method study of follower job satisfaction, trust, and views of their leader's behavior.

The leadership literature has been dominated by the study of broad styles rather than the identification of specific key behaviors. To address this deficiency, a mixed method approach was utilized to explore how follower behavioral descriptions of their leaders would relate to potential outcomes of trust in that leader and job satisfaction. Data were collected from 273 hospital direct reports of 44 managers. They were asked to first describe the leadership approach of their managers in their own words, and then complete quantitative measures of the two potential outcomes. The qualitative responses were coded into nine leadership behavior themes listed here in order from most to least often mentioned: Kindness, Supportive, Open to Input, Allow Autonomy, Engage with Team, Transparency, Fairness, Professionalism, Hold Accountable. All behavior themes related significantly to trust of the leader, with three themes relating significantly to job satisfaction (Transparency, Fairness, and Professionalism). These results provide a more specific view of leader behavior than does the typical style approach.

Orange Ware production and exchange in formative central Mexico as an index of regionalization of pottery styles

Ceramics present archaeologists with a medium to explore the range and intensity of interactions across space and over time. Style associations between regions indicate, at a minimum, communication, trade, or possibly migration coupled with an open disposition with respect to social identity formation. Conversely, style boundaries may develop for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to geographically restricted levels of interaction and more insular attitudes towards outgroups. Gordon Willey (1991) drew these alternatives into a cyclical model, shifting between broad style horizons and regionalized traditions. Early Mesoamerican style horizons as expressed through ceramics developed along broad networks of open cultural exchanges during the Early and Middle Formative periods. By the Late Formative, however, Mesoamerica fragmented into distinctive regionalized ceramic traditions. We provide a small-scale view of this process at the end of the Middle Formative using compositional sourcing to identify a divergence in the ceramic traditions of two neighboring regions: the Basin of Mexico and Morelos. During this timeframe, groups across lowland Mesoamerica developed an Orange Ware tradition that extended into Morelos. As revealed through neutron activation analysis (NAA) and petrography, the majority of orange/yellow Lacquer Ware found in the Basin of Mexico was imported from Morelos during the late Middle Formative, but Basin potters never adopted Orange Wares into their own style repertoires. The Morelos Orange Ware tradition is the first ceramic style in a long history of interaction between the two regions that was not matched by parallel developments in both regions, thus serving as a reference to an inflection point in the cycling between horizontal integration and regional differentiation that Willey hypothesized. This process continued into the Late Formative when Basin groups realigned with groups to the northwest through the adoption of Chupícuaro ceramic traits.

Народная терминология, связанная с многоголосным пением у русских

The article is devoted to folk singing terminology associated with multipart singing in Russian regional musical and folklore traditions. This terminology reveals a systemic character, since it directly correlates with the terms denoting the intonation types characteristic, on the one hand, of a broad (protyazhnïy) style of singing, a clear representative of which is the genre of lyrical songs, and on the other hand, of lamentable intonation, which is due to the desire to emphasize the personal nature of the expressed feelings. The article discusses the types of multipart texture and functions of singers in an ensemble which have received terminological designations.

Research of the preferred style of coping stress in relation to locus of control among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionThe locus of control is associated with a variety of psychological concepts, theories and researches, including learned helplessness, which is explained in way that person has learned to act helpless even when they actually have control over their situation or the ability to change a circumstance or outcome. In this scientific work, the aim is to examine the corelation between the locus of control and stress coping strategies in a group of health care workers. A sample is 110 respondents, of different age, gender, ages and educational degrees.ObjectivesIn this research, the aim is to examine the connection between locus of control and coping strategies among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 epidemic. The research results showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the relationship between stress coping strategies and locus of control in relation to men and women and age. Also, there is a statistically significant difference in the stress coping strategy focused on avoidance in relation to the locus of control, i.e. it turned out that the coping strategy focused on avoidance is more pronounced in respondents with an internal locus of control than in those with an external locus of control.MethodsThe research was conducted at the Clinical Center of Montenegro, in Podgorica, in March 2022, through an online program, due to the epidemiological situation. The sample consists of 110 respondents, of both sexes and aged from 20 to 65 years old, who were chosen by the method of random selection. The CISS and RI-E scales were used.ResultsThe research showed that there is a connection between the locus of control and strategies for overcoming stress, but that there are no statistically significant differences in the connection between strategies for overcoming stress and locus of control in relation to men and women and their age, as well as that there is a statistically significant difference in the strategy coping with stress focused on avoidance in relation to locus of control, i.e. it was shown that the coping strategy focused on avoidance is more pronounced in respondents with an internal locus of control than in those with an external locus of control.Image:Image 2:Image 3:ConclusionsThis research actually confirmed the importance of individuality and various factors that can affect a person, and because of this, it was very likely that not all hypotheses could be answered in the way the author expected before the research began. With this, it can be assumed that the personality of a person can hardly be related to broad styles of coping with stress, and that generalizations regarding gender, age, education and work experience cannot be made, because there are predominantly individual differences in the development of an individual.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

A new genus and new species of the leafhopper tribe Idiocerini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae).

A new genus of the leafhopper tribe Idiocerini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae) Longiaedeagus gen. nov. with type species Longiaedeagus flavofasciatus sp. nov. from China is described and illustrated. This new genus can be distinguished from other leafhopper genera by the broad style with truncate apex, and aedeagus with a long, unpaired retrorse preapical process.

The role of volcanic-derived clays in the preservation of Ediacaran biota from the Itaja\xed Basin (ca. 563\xa0Ma, Brazil)

The early evolution of metazoans has been reconstructed by studies on exceptionally preserved molds in siliciclastic rocks from the Ediacaran Period. However, there remains considerable controversy regarding the formation mechanisms of this unusual ‘Ediacaran-style’ preservation. Proposed hypotheses usually include early authigenesis of minerals, but evidence for this is scarce. In a recently discovered deposit of Ediacaran biota in Brazil, we show that the classic moldic preservation is related to clay mineral authigenesis. Specifically, these clays originated from the alteration of original pyroclastic sediments, likely enhanced by microbial activity, leading to early illitization and morphological templating of the fossiliferous surfaces at a micrometric scale. Such high-fidelity preservation was made possible by rapid burial during volcanic events and the in-situ templating of tissue by clays via microbially-mediated mineralization. This newly described Lagerstätte demonstrates that a number of minerals can facilitate preservation, and that perhaps ‘Ediacaran-style’ preservation result from different processes leading to the same broad style of preservation.

Development and evolution of bird motifs on Iranian’s Crockery of the Middle Ages of Islam (5-9 centuries A.H)

Decorating earthenware as a manifestation of artistic creativity and aesthetic sense and reflecting the potter's perception of the environment and the system of existence has long been a mysterious form of attention. One of the favourite motifs of Iranian potter for decorating earthenware has been the motif of birds, which was rooted in ancient Iranian culture, myths and rituals. In this paper, using a library method, a descriptive-analytical, and comparative approach, and by looking at the symbolism of the bird's motif, the potter's purpose of selecting bird motifs and their relation to the beliefs of the people of this land are identified. The question is, what are the themes of these motifs and how do they evolve? The evolution of bird motifs shows that it has been developed from a beginner style in a continuous, slow process, and at times we see the collapse of a broad artistic style.

MULTIDIMENSIONALITY OF GENRE SYNTHESIS IN CONTEMPORARY MUSICAL ART

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the phenomenon of polygranism (genre synthesis) and its varieties in contemporary musical art. The methods of the study are based on a combination of historical and theoretical approaches of scientific knowledge. The historical method allows us to trace the origin, flourishing, complication and improvement of the phenomenon of genre synthesis in musical art, first of all, during the postmodern day (the last third of the twentieth century – the beginning of the XXI century). Dialectic, comparative, empirical (observation and generalization) methods of research, and contributes for a deep understanding of the various approaches of modern composers to the combination of signs of different genres in one musical also work are used. The scientific novelty of the research consis in generalizing the views of scientists on the problem of genre synthesis and its projection into contemporary works of Ukrainian music, especially, the concert genre as one of the leading composers (among others – Rhapsody Concerto for Viola and Mezzo Soprano Natalia Boyeva). Conclusions. The musical genre as a cultural phenomenon characterizing the classification of musical creativity by genera and species has historical origin and certain conditions of existence; it reveals to the composer the broad style of cultural potential, makes choosing and expanding her spiritual resource, develop and embody new stylistic ways of understanding the musical form. In the genre plane, we can note the constant interaction of traditional and new genres, the emergence of new in accordance to a new imagery, especially at the present stage. The technique of representing musical material and aesthetic demands of the new world stylistics, which gave rise to the emergence thinking both have a permanent impact on the development of the genre palette.

Market efficiency as a revolution in data analysis

Why did random walk models and market efficiency become central to financial economics, when other approaches did not? Attention to the terms of the debate that surrounded efficiency at a formative stage for the discipline reveals an emerging consensus about best practices in assembling data, framed in a mode of argumentation that emphasizes “reasonableness” over other standards. Changes in the scripts, and the broader styles, or “modes,” within which arguments in financial economics were couched, I submit, facilitated the rise to dominance of a type of research based on very specific kinds of data, paving the way for markets to be seen as efficient. The relationship between data‐driven knowledge and the systematic ignorance of what the data do not capture reveals the importance of tracing the practical consequences of the rhetoric of economics and invites broader questions about the effects data have on knowledge in other fields.

Effects of water transportation on subduction dynamics: Roles of viscosity and density reduction

The effects of water on subduction dynamics, e.g., plate migration rate, slab geometry, stress field, and back-arc spreading, are investigated by using a 2-D self-consistent model for lithosphere subduction and whole mantle convection. We solve water transportation coupled with hydrous mineral phase changes. Mantle flows and water transportation are interactive through constitutive and state equations for hydrous rocks. Our model has successfully reproduced the water distribution in a mantle wedge and along the slab with sufficient resolution comparable to that of previous models that focus on the mantle wedge structure. As a result, low density owing to hydration reduces subduction rates, back-arc spreading, and slab stagnation on the phase boundary at 660-km depth, whereas low viscosity owing to hydration enhances rapid subduction, trench migration, and slab stagnation. We attribute these results to mechanisms that cause the hydrous buoyancy of subducting plates to reduce the slab pull force and the accompanying tensile stress on overlying lithosphere. In addition, hydrous weakening diminishes the mechanical coupling of the subducted slab with the wedge mantle and overriding lithosphere. Thus, water is capable of generating two opposite situations in the stress field of the overlying lithosphere and the subduction rate. Water is therefore expected to be an important mechanism for generating broad styles of the subduction structure and kinematics, as observed in actual subduction zones such as Tonga and Mariana. Such observed variation in the subduction mode can be caused by variation in buoyancy corresponding to the water content from relatively dry to several thousands of parts per million for the wedge mantle and slab surface, whereas the extremely buoyant case does not appear to occur in nature. Water in the mantle is thus key to better understand the whole-mantle-scale slab dynamics as well as island arc volcanic processes.

Are Style Rotating Funds Successful at Style Timing? Evidence from the US Equity Mutual Fund Market

Are managers who style-rotate successful at timing style shifts? Or, does this type of activity erode fund value? It is well documented that fund styles exposures vary over time, whether it be a result of passive style drift or strategic changes by managers to capitalise on broad style movements. It is therefore reasonable to expect that funds with high style rotation ought to be capable of timing broad style movements. This paper investigates whether funds that frequently change investment styles are capable of timing style movement, and how this behaviour influences performance. Time-varying fund style exposures are estimated for a sample of US domestic equity mutual funds from a dynamic state-space factor model as well as from a holdings-based approach. Style-timing ability is measured from four-factor Treynor-Mazuy and Henriksson-Merton models. The results show that funds that more aggressively rotate portfolios across market, size, value and momentum exposures are less capable of timing movements in these respective style categories and as such perform worse than those that maintain consistent style exposures.

Narrow and broad styles of scientific reasoning: A reply to O. Bueno

In a recent paper, Otávio Bueno (2012) introduced a narrower understanding of Hacking's concept of styles of scientific reasoning. Although its ultimate goal is to serve a pluralist view of science, Bueno's proposal is a thought-provoking attempt at outlining a concept of style that would keep most of the original understanding's heuristic value, while providing some analytical grip on the specific details of particular scientific practices. In this reply, I consider solely this latter more proximate goal. More precisely, I assess whether or not Bueno's narrower understanding of styles could provide historians and philosophers of science with a workable unit to investigate particular transformations in scientific practices. While the author's proposal is certainly interesting overall, the usefulness of the unit it describes may be compromised by three shortcomings: 1° the extent to which the unit is meant to be narrower is indeterminate; 2° it does not improve much on the analytical capabilities of Hacking's concept; and 3° like Hacking's concept it is rather powerless to capture the dynamical character of particular scientific practices.

Two New Species of <I>Simulium</I> (<I>Gomphostilbia</I>) (Diptera: Simuliidae) From Peninsular Malaysia, With Keys to 10 Peninsular Malaysian Species of the <I>Simulium batoense</I> Species Group

Two new blackfly species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) azhari and Simulium (Gomphostilbia) johorense, are described based on adult females, males, pupae, and larvae collected from Peninsular Malaysia, and assigned to the parahiyangum subgroup and the duolongum subgroup of the batoense species group of the subgenus Comphostilbia, respectively. S. (G.) azhari sp. nov. is characterized in the female by the narrow frons, and in the male by the broad style and the ventral plate moderately produced ventrally. S. (G.) johorense sp. nov. is also remarkable in having the female subcosta lacking hairs or bearing a reduced number of hairs ranging from one to five. The pupae of both new species share a similar arrangement of the eight gill filaments (i.e., stalks of dorsal and middle triplets and ventral pair arising at the same level from the short common basal stalk), although relative lengths of filaments of the ventral pair to those of the dorsal and middle triplets are different between the two new species. Taxonomic notes are given to distinguish these new species from other related species. Keys to identify all 10 species of the batoense species group in Peninsular Malaysia are provided for adult females, males, pupae, and mature larvae.

Reading the Senses: Writing about Food and Wine

Reading the Senses: Writing about Food and Wine

More than just surviving

According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), responding to the suggestion that the world as we know it will cease to exist on 21 December 2012, “Nothing bad will happen to the Earth in 2012” [1]. For those of us still planning to be around in 2013 and beyond, NASA’s confident prediction will offer some reassurance. It’s particularly reassuring to those involved in this Journal, for we have plans that extend beyond the coming year. Some of those plans are already starting to come to fruition, hence this New Year’s message. The most obvious change is in Anaesthesia’s appearance. We think of this as less of a new design, more of a ‘freshening up’, with what we hope will be a cleaner look whilst still retaining the characteristic feel of the previous volumes. Our policy of using colour where it aids clarity, and not just for the sake of it, will continue. The broad style of the Journal’s sections will remain, but reflecting the increasing number of specialist societies whose meeting abstracts we publish, that section will get a new, ‘abstracty’ look. Anaesthesia has always been adventurous when it comes to considering new types of item; for example, the ‘Snippet’ feature first appeared in 2005 and is still going strong [2, 3]. In this issue, we introduce a rather more serious type of article, the ‘Science Letter’ [4], with a challenge to those doing research that may not appear so accessible (or appealing) to our clinical readers to use this opportunity to explain why their work is important to clinicians. We invite researchers to take up this challenge. Other new developments planned for launch this year include the web-based resource Anaesthesia Cases, a repository of case reports held and maintained by the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain & Ireland (AAGBI) but with input from the Journal, and an online Continuous Professional Development facility whereby readers can answer online multiple choice questions on selected articles in Anaesthesia. We now have a Facebook page [5]; use of Twitter and access to the Journal from smartphones and tablets is also under development. Our successful Airways Supplement was published very recently [6] and our supplement programme continues. ‘Special collections’ of related articles, available online via a single page [7], build on our previous successful ‘virtual issue’ format. Our collection of ‘Classic Papers’ [8], commentaries on landmark papers from the Journal’s back catalogue, is growing nicely. Use of our Journal [9] and Correspondence [10] websites continues to soar and our Impact Factor, much bemoaned by editorial boards when it’s low or falling but dearly loved when it’s rising, has moved sharply upwards. Editorially, our team has benefited from a new International Advisory Panel of enthusiastic and supportive individuals [11]. Not that we wish to appear complacent. There are increasing time- and cost-pressures on investigators, authors, editors and publishers and a seemingly limitless expansion in new technology and expectations to deal with. In such an environment it can be difficult to focus on the basic values that this Journal has always espoused, namely clinical relevance and readability, whilst maintaining our good relationship with authors and readers. Be reassured, though, that these aims are always at the fore. The imminent arrival of a new year is often accompanied by a combination of relief, excitement and foreboding. The world has some serious problems to face – NASA’s reassurance notwithstanding – but here in Journal-land at least, we’re more than just surviving. I am grateful to all the members of the Editorial Team, Editorial Board and Wiley-Blackwell for their dedication and support, and to all authors and readers and investigators who have submitted work to the Journal. I apologise for all rejections and for any mistakes, and wish you all the very best for 2012.

A Comment: Functional Feeding Groups as a Taxonomic Surrogate for a Grassland Arthropod Assemblage

M. Mlambo (2011) raises very valid points in his commentary on our paper (Buschke & Seaman 2011). Although much can be said about the merits (or lack thereof) of our study, we limit our rebuttal to the four points specifically raised by Mlambo. The first point, that assigning functional feeding groups (FFG) is simpler than assigning family level, is rightfully contested by Mlambo and our paper did not provide quantitative evidence of this. Certain FFG cannot be assigned without traditional taxonomic efforts but many others can. For example, although large families such as Scarabaeidae and Muscidae cannot easily be assigned to FFG without further identification, many orders, such as adult Odonata, Neuroptera and Orthoptera, and superfamilies, such as parasitoid Ichneumonoidea and the piercing/sucking Pentatomoidea, share broad feeding styles. Based on our experience, we believe that on average it is simpler to assign FFG than other taxonomic levels. Mlambo's assertion that Kaiser et al. (2009) provide empirical evidence against the use of FFG is unfounded: their study also lacked quantitative evidence of taxonomic difficulties and their judgements were as subjective as ours.

Re-imagining DDR

Drawing upon criminological studies in the field of prisoner rehabilitation, this essay explores the relevance of the Demobilisation, Disarmament and Reintegration (DDR) framework to the process of conflict transformation in Northern Ireland. In a similar fashion to the critique of `passivity' offered by, for example, the `strengths based' or `good lives' approach to prisoner resettlement and reintegration more generally, the authors contend that the Northern Ireland peace process offers conspicuous examples of former prisoners and combatants as agents and indeed leaders in the process of conflict transformation. They draw out three broad styles of leadership which have emerged amongst ex-combatants over the course of the Northern Ireland transition from conflict— political, military and communal. They suggest that cumulatively such leadership speaks to the potential of ex-prisoners and ex-combatants as moral agents in conflict transformation around which peacemaking can be constructed rather than as obstacles which must be `managed' out of existence.

Do general practitioners change how they use the computer during consultations with a significant psychological component?

Objectives To describe the patterns of computer use during patient visits to family doctors and to determine whether doctors alter their pattern of computer use in consultations which have significant psychological content. Design Observational, non-randomised cluster trial with data being collected from videotaped consultations. Setting Three inner-city Family Practice offices involved in physician training in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Participants Ten family doctors, who declared using computers during their consultations and consecutive consenting adult patients attending these doctors. Results One hundred consultations were videotaped (59% patient participation rate). The average consultation time was 9 min 48 s, and number of problems per consultation was 1.9. Three broad styles of computer use were defined: (1) “end users” who only used the computer at the end of a consultation to summarise the consultation, (2) “continuous users”, who interacted with the computer throughout the consultation, and (3) “minimal users”, who only ever used the computer at the end of the consultation mostly to issue prescriptions. Of the 100 consultations videoed 37% were of a psychological nature. Consultations with psychological content were on average longer (11 min 47 s vs. 8 min 39 s) and the average percentage time doctors spent on the computer was about half that of non-psychological consultations (11% vs. 23% and p < 0.001). Conclusion The doctors were found to adopt one of three broad styles of computer use during their consultations. In consultations with observable significant psychological content doctors significantly reduce the proportion of time at the computer suggesting an ability to appropriately tailor their use of the computer during consultations.

Analyzing Style Biases and Performance of Funds

Fund managers adopt a variety of investment styles to offer wide ranging mutual fund plans which give rise to different performance levels. Globally, the size of assets managed, the number and variety of mutual funds has seen exponential growth in the last five years and the mutual industry has become very competitive. The task of today's fund manager has become complex and hence it is no more bundling a few stocks and trying to beat the market. To succeed in the highly competitive market place, a fund manager needs to make a conscious choice with regard to investment style that is consistent with fund objectives. In view of this, the article sets out to illustrate a methodology to identify, develop style measures and analyze the broad investment styles of contemporary fund managers. Based upon the past empirical evidence, the article discusses implications of the nine investment styles upon fund performance leading to generalization of risk-return profile of funds associated with the investment styles.

Beautiful Models: 70 Years of Exactly Solved Quantum Many-Body Problems

A key element of theoretical physics is the conceptualisation of physical phenomena in terms of models, which are then investigated by the tools at hand. For quantum many-body systems, some models can be exactly solved, i.e., their physical properties can be calculated in an exact fashion. There is often a deep underlying reason why this can be done—the theory of integrability—which manifests itself in many guises. In Beautiful models, Bill Sutherland looks at exactly solved models in quantum many-body systems, a well established field dating back to Bethe's 1931 exact solution of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain. This field is enjoying a renaissance due to the ongoing and striking experimental advances in low-dimensional quantum physics, which includes the manufacture of quasi one-dimensional quantum gases. Apart from the intrinsic beauty of the subject material, Beautiful Models is written by a pioneering master of the field. Sutherland has aimed to provide a broad textbook style introduction to the subject for graduate students and interested non-experts. An important point here is the `language' of the book. In Sutherland's words, the subject of exactly solved models `belongs to the realm of mathematical physics—too mathematical to be `respectable' physics, yet not rigorous enough to be `real' mathematics. ...there are perennial attempts to translate this body of work into either respectable physics or real mathematics; this is not that sort of book.' Rather, Sutherland discusses the models and their solutions in terms of their `intrinisic' language, which is largely as found in the physics literature. The book begins with a helpful overview of the contents and then moves on to the foundation material, which is the chapter on integrability and non-diffraction. As is shown, these two concepts go hand in hand. The topics covered in later chapters include models with δ-function potentials, the Heisenberg spin chain, the Hubbard model, exchange models, the Calogero–Sutherland models and models with ground state wavefunctions of product form. One of my favourites is chapter 7, dealing with the consistency conditions for two-body scattering operators involving the Yang-Baxter equations. The strength of the book lies in the pedagogical approach, with the underlying emphasis on integrability and the Bethe ansatz. Sutherland brings his own insights to these problems, and as such there is also something to be gained by specialist readers. Given the author's aims, the book is not meant to be a complete and historic review of the field. Rather, the intention is that the general references given will point the reader in the right direction. Sutherland quite wisely gives an up-front apology to any authors he has left out. Certainly such historical omissions can be found. Two obvious examples are the origins of the condition of non-diffraction and twisted boundary conditions. Setting such minor points aside, Beautiful Models is a most welcome book. It does a great service to a fascinating, enduring and increasingly relevant field by highlighting not only the beauty, but also the magic of integrability.