Broad-spectrum Light Research Articles

Rapid Estimation of Soil Moisture Using Spectroscopic Sensor

ABSTRACT Soil moisture plays a significant role in the global hydrological cycle in the field of agriculture, environment science, urban planning and construction, forestry and many more. Soil moisture can be determined using various approaches, however some of the limitations in these approaches are longer time duration, labor intensive, require installation and maintenance, expensive, lower resolution, etc. This research work proposes a soil moisture detection method which is portable, economic and time efficient. Spectroscopic sensor enables rapid soil moisture estimation using photodiodes of varying sensitivities and wavelengths across a broad spectrum of light, allowing precise identification and analysis of various samples based on their unique spectral fingerprints. In this study, a relation between sensor output data and soil moisture percentage value obtained from gravimetric method has been established. Using various regression methods, the highest value of correlation coefficient was found in case of polynomial function of order 3. Residual values of all wavelengths were then calculated by comparing the calculated with the expected moisture values obtained using the polynomial function. Result showed that 705 nanometers (nm) wavelength has the least residual value, thus signifying that the polynomial equation of order 3 at 705 nm wavelength perfectly demonstrates the relation between soil moisture and sensor reading. Furthermore, the results were verified using optimization method which showed that 705 nm wavelength has the highest closeness coefficient, thus verifying this model and observations. This model can be helpful in determining the soil moisture instantaneously instead of hours as seen in traditional gravimetric methods.

Warm-White Light Emission of Lead-free CsAg2I3 Single Crystal Scintillator with a One-Dimensional Electronic Structure.

Presently, the exploration of novel inorganic lead-free perovskite scintillators has emerged as a prominent topic in the field of perovskite materials. Extensive attention has been garnered by materials such as Cs3Cu2I5 due to their notable advantage in scintillation intensity, but the response time constants in the microsecond or even millisecond range severely constrain their potential applications in scintillators. In this study, large-sized (5-6 mm) CsAg2I3 single crystals with an ultrafast warm-white light emission on a nanosecond time scale are presented. Specifically, upon X-ray excitation, the single crystal demonstrates a broad-spectrum white light emission with a color temperature as high as 5129 K, attributed to its self-trapped exciton emission. The 137Cs energy spectrum reveals that CsAg2I3 possesses an ultrafast response for γ rays with a time constant of 15 ns, which is significantly faster than that of Cs3Cu2I5. Furthermore, time-resolved photoluminescence unveils a subnanosecond component with a response time of 0.9 ns. The characteristics of ultrafast warm-white light emission exhibit the significant potential of CsAg2I3 in radiation scintillation detection and its probability of playing a pivotal role in future radiation detection technology.

High efficacy of red light photodynamic therapy with 10 % aminolevulinic acid gel irrespective of the extent of keratinocyte atypia in actinic keratosis – exploratory post-hoc analysis of three pivotal phase III trials

BackgroundPrimary endpoints of clinical studies investigating treatments for actinic keratosis (AK) are mainly based on clinical evaluation, but a recent study showed that in AK, clinical classification according to Olsen and the extent of keratinocyte atypia do not necessarily correlate. The influence of the epidermal extent of atypia on treatment efficacy is usually not investigated and therefore remains largely unknown. ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the extent of keratinocyte atypia influences efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) when treating AK. MethodsWe performed a post-hoc analysis of histological (keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia (KIN)), and clinical (Olsen) data of biopsied lesions of three pivotal studies evaluating PDT using 10 % aminolevulinic acid (ALA) gel or vehicle and narrow- or broad-spectrum red light lamps. ResultsOverall, 514 biopsied lesions were considered. Clearance rates after red light PDT with 10 % ALA gel were comparable for KIN I-III (88.2 %, 92.0 % and 87.9 %) and Olsen I-II lesions for any given lamp type. Generally, clearance rates were higher using narrow- compared to broad-spectrum lamps. For both lamp types, the variation in clearance rates from KIN I-III was low. Clearance was lower with vehicle. LimitationsVarying lesion numbers in the subgroups and a remaining risk of bias due to the biopsies are potential limitations. ConclusionOur results suggest that red light PDT with 10 % ALA gel is an effective treatment option for AK regardless of the extent of keratinocyte atypia.

Giant infrared bulk photovoltaic effect in tellurene for broad-spectrum neuromodulation

Given the surpassing of the Shockley-Quiesser efficiency limit in conventional p-n junction photovoltaic effect, bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) has garnered significant research interest. However, the BPVE primarily focuses on a narrow wavelength range, limiting its potential applications. Here we report a giant infrared bulk photovoltaic effect in tellurene (Te) for broad-spectrum neuromodulation. The generated photocurrent in uniformly illuminated Te excludes other photoelectric effects and is attributed to the BPVE. The bulk photovoltaic wavelength in Te spans a wide range from the ultraviolet (390 nm) to the mid-infrared (3.8 µm). Moreover, the photocurrent density of 70.4 A cm−2 under infrared light simulation outperforms that in previous ultraviolet and visible semiconductors as well as infrared semimetals. Te attached to the dendrites or somata of the cortical neurons successfully elicit action potentials under broad-spectrum light irradiation. This work lays the foundation for the further development of infrared BPVE in narrow bandgap materials.

Synthesis and characterization of micro-/nano-α-Fe2O3 for photocatalytic dye degradation.

Photocatalytic activity using micro-/nano-α-Fe2O3 on a large scale was carried out using a sol-gel autocombustion method. A degradation time of 60 min was noted for 50 mg of the catalyst. Post characterization, this catalyst system showed a degradation of about 53% (rate = 2.60 × 10-3 min-1) and 17% (rate = 1.38 × 10-2 min-1) under sunlight and up to 45% (rate = 1.13 × 10-3 min-1) and 7% (rate = 1.20 × 10-2 min-1) under a 400 W UV lamp for rhodamine 6G (R6G) and crystal violet (CV), respectively. Sunlight has a broad spectrum of light; it greatly accelerates the degradation process and creates ideal conditions for the reaction to occur. The rate of photocatalytic dye degradation of α-Fe2O3 without Fenton's reagent was found to be 7.84 × 10-3 min-1 in the presence of external air provided (in the photocatalytic setup) through a bubbler and 3.23 × 10-3 min-1 in the absence of the bubbler.

Promising two dimensional XSe2/SnS (X= Pt, Zr, Hf) vdW heterostructures for overall water splitting with higher carrier mobilities

The transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered as promising candidates for their striking performance in optoelectronic properties. We have designed the novel heterostructures XSe2/SnS using XSe2 (X = Pt, Zr, Hf) TMDs. The stabilities of structural, mechanical, dynamical, and thermal are calculated by formation energies, elastic constants, phonon dispersions and AIMD simulations respectively. The hybrid functional (HSE06) is used to calculate the electronic band structures and optical absorption. The DFT scheme (BGC based) indicates that XSe2/SnS vdWHs are viable photocatalyst for overall water splitting over a broad spectrum of light. The absorption spectra exhibit that these photocatalysts have absorption started from visible to the UV region of light in the order of 105. XSe2/SnS heterostructures display high carrier mobilities of order 104. The Gibbs free energies exhibit that PtSe2/SnS heterostructure has spontaneous, whereas other heterostructures need some external energies for overall water splitting. Finally, the corrected STH efficiency of PtSe2/SnS, ZrSe2/SnS and HfSe2/SnS vdW heterostructures are 12.54%, 28.15%, 21.03% respectively. This study depicts that XSe2/SnS (X = Pt, Zr, Hf) heterostructures are feasible candidates for overall water splitting over a broad range of light spectrum.

Pulsed Light Technology: Is it Sustainable?

Abstract Pulsed light is a non-thermal method that was initially researched for microbial inactivation using high-power, broad-spectrum light pulses, with the UV-C light portion being the most lethal. This method was introduced to the Western hemisphere with the Hiramoto US patent in 1984 and was developed by PurePulse Technologies. It obtained the FDA approval for food use in 1996 and has been under continuous study and testing by academic institutions since 1998. It is linked to sustainable development goals 2, 3, 6, and 12, but its relation to goal 13 is particularly important, although hindered by lack of data. While numerous applications beyond microbial inactivation have been developed, only two are currently used industrially, namely, the decontamination of food contact surfaces for packaging and the enhancement of vitamin D concentration in edible fungi. Other potential applications include enzyme inactivation, phytochemical synthesis, water pollutant degradation, protein allergen inactivation, mycotoxin inactivation, modification of functional properties of proteins, and starch modification. The main advantage of pulsed light is its rapid effects although it is limited to surfaces and transparent liquids. Further refinement of dosimetry should facilitate the easier scaling up of laboratory results to more industrial applications. Information © The Author 2024

Revolutionizing Tetracycline Hydrochloride Remediation: 3D Motile Light-Driven MOFs Based Micromotors in Harsh Saline Environments.

Traditional light-driven metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs)-based micromotors (MOFtors) are typically constrained to two-dimensional (2D) motion under ultraviolet or near-infrared light and often demonstrate instability and susceptibility to ions in high-saline environments. This limitation is particularly relevant to employing micromotors in water purification, as real wastewater is frequently coupled with high salinity. In response to these challenges, ultrastable MOFtors capable of three-dimensional (3D) motion under a broad spectrum of light through thermophoresis and electrophoresis are successfully synthesized. The MOFtors integrated photocatalytic porphyrin MOFs (PCN-224) with a photothermal component made of polypyrrole (PPy) by three distinct methodologies, resulting in micromotors with different motion behavior and catalytic performance. Impressively, the optimized MOFtors display exceptional maximum velocity of 1305±327µms-1 under blue light and 2357±453µms-1 under UV light. In harsh saline environments, these MOFtors are not only maintain high motility but also exhibit superior tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) removal efficiency of 3578±510mgg-1, coupling with sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes and peroxymonosulfate. This research underscores the significant potential of highly efficient MOFtors with robust photocatalytic activity in effectively removing TCH in challenging saline conditions, representing a substantial advancement in applying MOFtors within real-world water treatment technologies.

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of an imine-linked covalent triazine framework through the assistance of Ti3C2Tx

Imine-linked covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) with high crystallinity and nano-morphologies are synthesized more easily compared to the CTFs with irreversible bonds. Nevertheless, their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is usually less efficient due to the low utilization of photogenerated charge carriers. Herein, ultrathin Ti3C2Tx nanosheets with high conductivity and a good deal of terminal -O groups are employed to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of CTF-TFB through the fabrication of composites CTF-TFB/Ti3C2Tx (TM-x). And the broad-spectrum light absorption and photothermal effect of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets significantly enhance the utilization of visible light for CTF-TFB. Typically, Ti3C2Tx absorbing photogenerated electrons from CTF-TFB to achieve spatial separation of charge carriers, thereby TM-20 exhibiting an about 0.5-fold increase in AQYs at 420 nm and 450 nm compared to CTF-TFB. Meanwhile, the great photothermal effect of Ti3C2Tx brings a higher surface temperature for TM-20, leading to an additional 67 % increase in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of TM-20.

Nanoengineering construction of g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 S-scheme heterojunctions for cooperative enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction and pollutant degradation

S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts featuring efficient charge transport paths provide a promising strategy for cooperative achieving photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. In this work, S-scheme heterojunctions composed of g-C3N4 nanosheets coated on Bi2WO6 nanosheets were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method, resulting in broad-spectrum light absorption, high electron–hole separation efficiency, and excellent photocatalytic CO2 reduction and RhB oxidization performance. Mechanistic analysis revealed the formation of a directional charge transport path at the interface of the heterojunction, which maintained a high oxidation and reduction potential and improved the efficiency of photoexcited carrier separation. In particular, the synergistic reaction system showed excellent photoredox activity compared with the two separate half-reactions. The optimal catalyst 15CN/BWO displayed the highest CO2 conversion efficiency, with CO and CH4 generation rates of 4.3 and 2.7 μmol g−1h−1, respectively, and the degradation efficiency of the composite heterojunction was significantly higher than that of its constituent materials. This work provides a new possibility for designing a novel dual-function photocatalytic reaction system.

Achieving Ultra-Broadband Sunlight-Like Emission in Single-Phase Phosphors: The Interplay of Structure and Luminescence.

The quest for artificial light sources mimicking sunlight has been a long-standing endeavor, particularly for applications in anticounterfeiting, agriculture, and color hue detection. Conventional sunlight simulators are often cost-prohibitive and bulky. Therefore, the development of a series of single-phase phosphors Ca9LiMg1-xAl2x/3(PO4)7:0.1Eu2+ (x = 0-0.75) with sunlight-like emission represents a welcome step towards compact and economical light source alternatives. The phosphors are obtained by an original heterovalent substitution method and emit a broad spectrum spanning from violet to deep red. Notably, the phosphor with x = 0.5 exhibits an impressive full width at half-maximum of 330nm. A synergistic interplay of experimental investigations and theory unveils the mechanism behind sunlight-like emission due to the local structural perturbations introduced by the heterovalent substitution of Al3+ for Mg2+, leading to a varied distribution of Eu2+ within the lattice. Subsequent characterization of a series of organic dyes combining absorption spectroscopy with convolutional neural network analysis convincingly demonstrates the potential of this phosphor in portable photodetection devices. Broad-spectrum light source testing empowers the model to precisely differentiate dye patterns. This points to the phosphor being ideal for mimicking sunlight. Beyond this demonstrated application, the phosphor's utility is envisioned in other relevant domains, including visible light communication and smart agriculture.

Light from Afield: Fast, High-Resolution, and Layer-Free Deep Vat 3D Printing.

Harnessing light for cross-linking of photoresponsive materials has revolutionized the field of 3D printing. A wide variety of techniques leveraging broad-spectrum light shaping have been introduced as a way to achieve fast and high-resolution printing, with applications ranging from simple prototypes to biomimetic engineered tissues for regenerative medicine. Conventional light-based printing techniques use cross-linking of material in a layer-by-layer fashion to produce complex parts. Only recently, new techniques have emerged which deploy multidirection, tomographic, light-sheet or filamented light-based image projections deep into the volume of resin-filled vat for photoinitiation and cross-linking. These Deep Vat printing (DVP) approaches alleviate the need for layer-wise printing and enable unprecedented fabrication speeds (within a few seconds) with high resolution (>10 μm). Here, we elucidate the physics and chemistry of these processes, their commonalities and differences, as well as their emerging applications in biomedical and non-biomedical fields. Importantly, we highlight their limitations, and future scope of research that will improve the scalability and applicability of these DVP techniques in a wide variety of engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Effect of light emitting diodes (LEDs) irradiation on the functional quality and shelf life of basil microgreens

ABSTRACT Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are the promising technology with low heat production and feasible spectra optimization, which improve plants’ function. In current study, basil microgreens as novel-leafy vegetables grown under LEDs (blue, red, 30%blue +70%red, and white) and sunlight to investigate phytochemical properties by comparing to sunlight-treated mature basil. Results showed that narrow wavelength including blue, red and blue/red LEDs had significant effect on increasing total phenol content (TPC) and antiradical activity (AA) of microgreens. Blue LED-treated microgreens exhibited significant increase in Potassium and the best visual appearance in comparison with mature and other microgreens. In the case of essential oils, methyl chavicol was the major compound in all samples with the main effect of broad light spectra; red LED- and blue LED-treated microgreens represented the maximum and minimum of methyl eugenol and β-caryophyllene, respectively, which could be related to the significant effect of red light on essential oil biosynthesis. No significant difference was observed in the market-acceptability of mature basil and microgreens which demonstrated that LEDs had no negative impact on organoleptic properties. Throughout the storage, darkness-stored microgreens showed the best result with the least weight loss and decrease in TPC; however, brightness-yellowness variation observed due to the plants’ aging.

Ultraviolet–Visible-near infrared induced photocatalytic H2 evolution over S-scheme Cu2-xSe/ZnSe heterojunction with surface plasma effects

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect plays a crucial role in the field of solar energy utilization. In this work, we successfully prepared a Cu2-xSe/ZnSe S-scheme heterojunction with a broad-spectrum response using the hot-injection and low-temperature water bath method. Importantly, we demonstrated that the photothermal effect induced by the LSPR of nonstoichiometric Cu2-xSe can significantly improve the slow kinetics of water splitting, resulting in an apparent activation energy reduction from 50.1 to 28.7 kJ·mol−1. This improvement is responsible for achieving the highest photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 63.6 mmol·g−1·h−1 over 2.7 % Cu2-xSe/ZnSe under the wavelength ranged from 200 to 2500 nm, which is 3.4 and 5.6 times higher than that of ZnSe and Cu2-xSe, respectively. Furthermore, the composite exhibits a remarkable H2 production rate of 0.108 mmol·g−1·h−1 under near-infrared spectroscopy (800<λ<2500 nm), while ZnSe shows limited capability in H2 releasing. Additionally, Cu2-xSe/ZnSe demonstrates distinct photocurrent response when λ > 800 nm. The enhanced performance in H2 evolution can be attributed to the synergistic effect of LSPR-induced light absorption and S-scheme heterojunction, which not only expands the light absorption range to the near-infrared region but also facilitates hot electron injection, charge carrier separation and transfer, leading to a faster surface reaction kinetics. This study provides an effective approach for designing a broad-spectrum light responsive non-precious metal-based photothermal-assisted photocatalytic system.

Solar Azo-Switches for Effective E→Z Photoisomerization by Sunlight.

Natural photoactive systems have evolved to harness broad-spectrum light from solar radiation for critical functions such as light perception and photosynthetic energy conversion. Molecular photoswitches, which undergo structural changes upon light absorption, are artificial photoactive tools widely used for developing photoresponsive systems and converting light energy. However, photoswitches generally need to be activated by light of specific narrow wavelength ranges for effective photoconversion, which limits their ability to directly work under sunlight and to efficiently harvest solar energy. Here, focusing on azo-switches-the most extensively studied photoswitches, we demonstrate effective solar E→Z photoisomerization with photoconversions exceeding 80 % under unfiltered sunlight. These sunlight-driven azo-switches are developed by rendering the absorption of E isomers overwhelmingly stronger than that of Z isomers across a broad ultraviolet to visible spectrum. This unusual type of spectral profile is realized by a simple yet highly adjustable molecular design strategy, enabling the fine-tuning of spectral window that extends light absorption beyond 600 nm. Notably, back-photoconversion can be achieved without impairing the forward solar isomerization, resulting in unique light-reversible solar switches. Such exceptional solar chemistry of photoswitches provides unprecedented opportunities for developing sustainable light-driven systems and efficient solar energy technologies.

Versatile GO/ANFs Aerogel for Highly Efficient Solar-Powered Water Purification in Wide Environments.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is a very promising choice for producing clean water. Despite the considerable investigation of pure NaCl brine purification, solar-driven complex water purification, such as real-world seawater desalination as well as domestic and industrial wastewater treatment, has rarely been investigated, mainly due to its compositions being much more complicated than NaCl brine. Herein, we developed a graphene oxide/aramid nanofiber (GO/ANFs) aerogel by a freeze-drying process. The GO/ANFs aerogel combined opened porous microchannels, superhydrophilicity, anti-oil-fouling capacity, enhanced broad-spectrum light absorption (more than 92%), and good solar/heat management. These integrated properties enabled the GO/ANFs aerogel to be an advanced solar interfacial evaporator for efficient freshwater production with the characteristics of localized heat conversion, quick water transport, and salt crystallization inhibition, and the rate of steam production rate was as high as 2.25 kg m-2 h-1 upon exposure to 1 solar irradiation. Importantly, the high-water-vapor generation rate was maintained even under complicated conditions, including real-world seawater, dye water, emulsions, and corrosive liquid environments. Considering its promising adaptability to a wide range of environments, this work hopes to inspire the development of brine desalination, wastewater purification, clean water production, and solar energy utilization.

An Optical Sensor for Measuring Displacement between Parallel Surfaces.

An optoelectronic sensor was developed to measure the in-plane displacement between two parallel surfaces. This sensor used a photodetector, which was placed on one of the parallel surfaces, to measure the intensity of the red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white/clear (C) light spectra of a broad-spectrum light that was reflected off a color grid on the opposing surface. The in-plane displacement between these two surfaces caused a change in the reflected RGB and C light intensity, allowing the prediction of the displacement direction and magnitude by using a polynomial regression prediction algorithm to convert the RGB and C light intensity to in-plane displacement. Results from benchtop experiments showed that the sensor can achieve accurate displacement predictions with a coefficient of determination R2 > 0.97, a root mean squared error (RMSE) < 0.3 mm, and a mean absolute error (MAE) < 0.36 mm. By measuring the in-plane displacement between two surfaces, this sensor can be applied to measure the shear of a flexible layer, such as a shoe's insole or the lining of a limb prosthesis. This sensor would allow slippage detection in wearable devices such as orthotics, prostheses, and footwear to quantify the overfitting or underfitting of these devices.

Ti-MOG derived TiO2 facet heterojunction rich in C/Ti3+/Ov for adsorption-photocatalytic removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from water

Developing efficient, stable, and broad-spectrum responsive photocatalysts is an effective way to degrade pharmaceutical pollutants in water. In this work, using concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a modulator, titanium metal–organic gel (Ti-MOG) was prepared and used as a template for calcination in air to obtain anatase TiO2 facet heterojunction rich in C/Ti3+/oxygen vacancy (Ov) (MOG-TiO2), which has a hierarchical porous structure, large specific surface area, and highly dispersed active site. Compared to P25, P25 + C and MIL-125(Ti) derived TiO2 (MOF-TiO2), MOG-TiO2 exhibited obviously enhanced adsorption-photocatalytic performance for tetracycline (TC) and low concentrations ethenzamide (ETH) under broad-spectrum light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ETH by MOG-TiO2 reached 92.8, 100 and 98.7 % within 240, 60 and 6 min under Vis, UV and VUV light illumination, respectively, which were much higher than those of P25 (62.7, 33.2 and 73.0 %), P25 + C (61.7, 31.2 and 72.5 %) and MOF-TiO2 (79.2, 86.8 and 88.7 %). Furthermore, concentrated HCl promoted the formation of Ti3+/Ov in MOG-TiO2, which was conducive to the improvement of its photocatalytic performance. MOG-TiO2 also displayed great adsorption-photocatalytic stability and reusability. Moreover, the biotoxicity of TC toward E. coli DH5a obviously decreased after photocatalytic degradation. Based on the TiO2 facet heterojunction rich in C/Ti3+/Ov and the generation of hole, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide radicals, the possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism of MOG-TiO2 was proposed. Overall, this work provides insights into constructing a novel hierarchical porous carbon-doped facet heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient pharmaceutical contaminants removal.

Metal-Loaded Synthetic Melanin via Oxidative Polymerization of Neurotransmitter Norepinephrine Exhibiting High Photothermal Conversion.

Polydopamine (PDA)-derived melanin-like materials exhibit significant photothermal conversion owing to their broad-spectrum light absorption. However, their low near-infrared (NIR) absorption and inadequate hydrophilicity compromise their utilization of solar energy. Herein, we developed metal-loaded poly(norepinephrine) nanoparticles (PNE NPs) by predoping metal ions (Fe3+, Mn3+, Co2+, Ca2+, Ga3+, and Mg2+) with norepinephrine, a neuron-derived biomimetic molecule, to address the limitations of PDA. The chelation between catechol and metal ions induces a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) through the formation of donor-acceptor pairs, modulating the light absorption behavior and reducing the band gap. Under 1 sun illumination, the Fe-loaded PNE coated wood evaporator achieved a high seawater evaporation rate and efficiency of 1.75 kg m-2 h-1 and 92.4%, respectively, owing to the superior hydrophilicity and photothermal performance of PNE. Therefore, this study offers a comprehensive exploration of the role of metal ions in enhancing the photothermal properties of synthetic melanins.

An extensive study on charge transport layers to design and optimization of high-efficiency lead-free Cs2PtI6-based double-perovskite solar cells: A numerical simulation approach

Perovskite materials are getting attention day by day due to their numerous optoelectronic properties. Lead-free perovskites are well-known for various applications in photovoltaic devices due to their non-toxicity which has no impacts on both the environment and health. Cs2PtI6, a lead-free halide perovskite, is renowned for its broad-spectrum light absorption and remarkably high absorption coefficient. Its stability under ambient conditions surpasses that of numerous other halide perovskites, rendering it exceptionally appealing for photovoltaic applications. The device configuration with FTO/ETL/Cs2PtI6/HTL/Au is used in this study where 4 different ETLs and 10 HTLs are used to investigate the best device configuration. The impact of different device parameters like thickness, acceptor density, donor density, and defect density are optimized to attain the best efficient device configuration. SCAPS-1D simulator is used to perform numerical analysis under light intensity of AM 1.5 light spectrum (100 mW/cm2). After the optimization of different device parameters, the device configured with FTO/SnS2/Cs2PtI6/MoTe2/Au shows the best performance among four devices where PCE is 32.98 %, VOC is 1.11 V, JSC is 33.19 mA/cm2, FF is 88.89 %. This suggested Cs2PtI6-based perovskite solar cells demonstrate superior performance compared to numerous lead perovskite-based solar cells, highlighting Cs2PtI6 as a promising alternative for photovoltaic applications while mitigating toxicity concerns.