Broad Dimensions Research Articles

Tender Shoots: Effects of a Preschool Shared Book Reading Preventive Intervention on Parent–Child Reading and Parents’ Involvement in the First Year of School

Parent–child interactive shared reading can benefit young children’s language and emergent literacy skills; however, studies of programs to enhance shared reading often do not evaluate lasting effects after the transition to primary school. In this randomized control study, 69 parents of 3.5–4.5-year-old children participated in one of three conditions for an evaluation of the 6-week Tender Shoots program: Rich Reading and Reminiscing (RRR), Strengthening Sound Sensitivity (SSS), or Activity-Based Control (ABC). Parents in both Tender Shoots conditions, SSS and RRR, were taught to read interactively with their children and were provided with books to support implementation. RRR targeted meaning-related talk likely to enhance vocabulary and comprehension, whereas SSS targeted sound-related talk to enhance phonological awareness. Children in ABC were provided with resources and materials for developmentally appropriate activities. Fifty-three dyads (77%) were followed after children started primary school and formal literacy instruction. Comparisons of shared reading interactions at follow-up indicated that parents and children in the RRR and SSS groups still used more condition-specific targeted talk than those in other groups. Most parents in shared reading groups reported that they continued to use project activities after children had started school, although parents in RRR reported more frequent use of program activities than the active control, ABC. Moreover, parents in RRR sometimes reported higher levels of some broad involvement dimensions. These findings suggest that shared reading programs as delivered here can have long-lasting effects on extratextual talk during shared reading and may enhance aspects of parents’ involvement with children’s education.

Toward a generalized developmental model of psychopathological liabilities and psychiatric disorders.

Most psychiatric disorders are associated with several risk factors, but a few underlying psychopathological dimensions account for the common co-occurrence of disorders. If these underlying psychopathological dimensions mediate associations of the risk factors with psychiatric disorders, it would support a trans-diagnostic orientation to etiological research and treatment development. An analysis was performed of the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC-III), a US nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized civilian adults, focusing on respondents who were aged ⩾21 (n = 34 712). Structural equation modeling was used to identify the psychopathological dimensions underlying psychiatric disorders; to examine associations between risk factors, psychopathological dimensions and individual disorders; and to test whether associations of risk factors occurring earlier in life were mediated by risk factors occurring later in life. A bifactor model of 13 axis I disorders provided a good fit (CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.982, and RMSEA = 0.011) including an overall psychopathology factor as measured by all 13 disorders and 2 specific factors, one for externalizing disorders and one for fear-related disorders. A substantial proportion of the total effects of the risk factors occurring early in life were indirectly mediated through factors occurring later in life. All risk factors showed a significant total effect on the general psychopathology, externalizing and fear-related factors. Only 23 of 325 direct associations of risk factors with psychiatric disorders achieved statistical significance. Most risk factors for psychiatric disorders are mediated through broad psychopathological dimensions. The central role of these dimensions supports trans-diagnostic etiological and intervention research.

Two Factors, Five Factors, or Both? External Validation Studies of Negative Symptom Dimensions in Schizophrenia.

Negative symptom studies frequently use single composite scores as indicators of symptom severity and as primary endpoints in clinical trials. Factor analytic and external validation studies do not support this practice but rather suggest a multidimensional construct. The current study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to compare competing dimensional models of negative symptoms to determine the number of latent dimensions that best capture variance in biological, psychological, and clinical variables known to have associations with negative symptoms. Three independent studies (total n = 632) compared unidimensional, two-factor, five-factor, and hierarchical conceptualizations of negative symptoms in relation to cognition, psychopathology, and community functioning (Study 1); trait emotional experience and defeatist performance beliefs (Study 2); and glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in the anterior cingulate cortex quantified using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Study 3). SEM favored the five-factor and hierarchical models over the unidimensional and two-factor models regardless of the negative symptom measure or external validator. The five dimensions-anhedonia, asociality, avolition, blunted affect, and alogia-proved vital either as stand-alone domains or as first-order domains influenced by second-order dimensions-motivation and pleasure and emotional expression. The two broader dimensions sometimes masked important associations unique to the five narrower domains. Avolition, anhedonia, and blunted affect showed the most domain-specific associations with external variables across study samples. Five domains and a hierarchical model reflect the optimal conceptualization of negative symptoms in relation to external variables. Clinical trials should consider using the two dimensions as primary endpoints and the five domains as secondary endpoints.

Factors that influence parent recruitment into prevention programs in early childhood: A mixed studies systematic review

The objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the recruitment of parents of at-risk families into prevention programs targeting behavior problems in early childhood. A mixed studies systematic review was performed and the level of evidence for each influencing factor was determined according to the quality of the studies and to the consistency of the results across research. All evidence from the quantitative-, qualitative-, and mixed-design studies were identified (n = 28) using a convergent qualitative synthesis design. The factors that influence parent recruitment were grouped into five broad dimensions, namely, the child, the parent, parent-practitioner interactions, organizational decisions and actions, and policies, which confirms the ecological vision of recruitment. The review highlights the shared responsibility for the recruitment process, some factors being specific not only to the family, but also to the actors involved in the practice. The study demonstrates that certain influencing factors should be further promoted to increase the chances of reaching at-risk families during the early childhood period.

Osobine ličnosti i taktike self-prezentacije

Self-presentation is an omnipresent form of behaviour that involves building a self-image in front of other people. This form of behaviour aims at structuring the impression of a person. Self-presentation explains numerous social relations and situations, but it also depends on numerous factors, primarily personality factors, as well as a number of situational factors. The main goal of this research is to examine the relationship between broad personality dimensions, operationalized by the Big Five + 2 personality model (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Aggression, Conscientiousness, Openness, Positive Valence and Negative Valence) and self-presentation. The possibility of predicting self-presentation in total, as well as some of its individual tactics, based on broad personality dimensions, is also examined. The survey uses the Big Five + 2 Personality Questionnaire and the Self-Presentation Tactics Scale. The sample included 526 respondents, average age 21.6 years (SD=2.88). Of all the examined personality dimensions, Neuroticism and Negative Self-Image have the strongest correlations with overall self-presentation. The Conscientiousness dimension records the highest number of negative correlations, while the Openness dimension records the lowest number of statistically significant correlations with the overall self-presentation and individual self-presentation tactics. As for the prediction of self-presentation, all dimensions of personality, except Openness, are important predictors, but their constellation is different in relation to the content of self-presentation tactics. The obtained findings make it possible to predict the direction of the presentation of self-image. Namely, knowing the personality traits, we can assume which self-presentation tactics will be used, especially in a situation when people are motivated to do so.

Editor-in-chief's note: Women in the family and society

As half of the population, women play a very important and vital role in the mental health of the family and society. Women have broad and multifaceted existential dimensions, and in various roles of motherhood, wife, upbringing, moral, social, and management, they have shown countless abilities and capabilities in fulfilling their responsibilities. Therefore, considering the sensitive role of women in the health and success of a family and, ultimately, the dynamics of a society, special attention should be paid to their physical, psychological, emotional, social, and spiritual needs, and adequate attention should be given to providing these needs. A woman is a symbol of affection, love, and sacrifice and the main focus of the family center. The manifestation of these characteristics is understood in the sacred role of motherhood. The mother is not only the transmitter of culture, customs, social behavior, and moral and religious values from one generation to another; It is also a reviving and protecting culture and desirable values of the society. Therefore, many times in ancient Iranian literature, songs praising women and mothers have been mentioned, and Ferdowsi, the great poet of Iran, has given a place to women and mothers beyond child rearing and love for the wife, and that is respect for the mother's wisdom. This type of view of women can rarely be found in literary and historical texts of the world. However, more attention should be paid to the serious presence of women as one of the most important pillars of development. Achieving the goals of development of thought and serious action to meet the human needs of people, especially women, and it is necessary to make necessary plans to properly organize the status of women, empower them and pay attention to their interests and contribution in the development of society. Undoubtedly, today, one of the indicators of the degree of development of any country is the level of participation in the role that women are responsible for. Many women in our society are compassionate about the fate of society in their country through social participation and feel responsible. We thank God for giving us the success of publishing a collection of articles focusing on "women" in the winter issue of 2023 of the "Applied Family Therapy" journal to fulfill our massive cultural mission in connection with the publication of research findings and scientific excerpts in the framework of the system's spiritual and desirable values in the women's field.

Development of a Comprehensive Chinese Successful Aging Scale: Incorporating the Viewpoints of Older Adults

Inspiring by Martinson and Berridge’s (2015) systematic review, the current definition of successful aging (SA) fails to acknowledge the laypeople’s conceptualization of SA. Adopting a mixed-method approach, two studies were conducted with the aim of soliciting older adults’ perceptions of SA and to develop a multidimensional instrument for assessing SA. Study 1 was a qualitative study and 27 community-dwelling older adults (Mage=68.07 years, SD=7.10, range=60–83; 56.3% females) were interviewed. Interview transcripts were analyzed, and seven themes were emerged. An initial item pool for the Successful Aging Scale (SAS) was then established based on these themes as well as those in the SA literature, such as acceptance and independence. Study 2 was a survey study which was conducted among 414 community-dwelling older adults (Mage=64.50 years, SD=4.01, range=60–82; 55.3% females) to identify optimal items for constitution of the SAS. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 12-factor solution, accounting for 62% of the variance. The 12 factors are adequate health, perceived constraints, flexible attitudes toward life, acceptance of age-related change, life embracement, active engagement, harmonious family, supportive friendship, civic awareness, social contribution, living independently, and adaptive coping strategies. The 12 factors exhibit similar strength of associations with most of the well-being measures, but certain factors show stronger correlation with depressive symptoms and social relationship, suggesting the uniqueness of each factor. Overall, the SAS demonstrates promising psychometric properties. These findings disclose that the older adults’ perceptions of SA could cover broader dimensions than those in Rowe and Kahn’s model (1997).

COVID-19 Experience Transforming the Protective Environment of Office Buildings and Spaces

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected human life in every possible way and, alongside this, the need has been felt that office buildings and workplaces must have protective and preventive layers against COVID-19 transmission so that a smooth transition from ‘work from home’ to ‘work from office’ is possible. However, a comprehensive understanding of how the protective environment can be built around office buildings and workspaces, based on the year-long experience of living with COVID-19, is largely absent. The present study reviews international agency regulation, country regulation, updated journal articles, etc., to critically understand lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate the expected changes in sustainability requirements of office buildings and workplaces. The built environment, control environment, and regulatory environment around office buildings and workplaces have been put under test on safety grounds during the pandemic. Workers switched over to safely work from home. Our findings bring out the changes required to be affected in the three broad environmental dimensions to limit their vulnerability status experienced during the pandemic. Office building designs should be fundamentally oriented to provide certain safety protective measures to the workers, such as touch-free technologies, open working layouts, and workplace flexibilities to diminish the probability of getting infected. Engineering and administrative control mechanisms should work in a complementary way to eliminate the risk of disease spread. Country regulation, agency regulations, and operational guidelines need to bring behavioral changes required to protect workers from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Personal Projects’ Appraisals and Compulsive Buying among University Students: Evidence from Galicia, Spain

The appraisal of goal-related constructs, generally, and of personal projects (PP) in particular, is one of the most solid research paths with regard to subjective well-being and health. In the last few years, the appraisal of PP has been linked to such problems as excessive alcohol and marijuana use, but no study has been conducted in the field of compulsive buying (CB). In this study, using Little’s personal-projects-analysis (PPA) methodology, the differences in university students were analyzed in both broad domains (meaning, structure, community, efficacy, and stress) and specific appraisal dimensions in groups with low (n = 293), moderate (n = 191), and high (n = 41) compulsive-buying propensities. The results confirm that the high-propensity group presented the highest significant levels in the domain of stress and the lowest in efficacy, meaning, and structure. As to appraisal dimensions, the group with a high propensity to CB attained statistically lower appraisals in the dimensions of importance, enjoyment, self-identity, absorption, control, time adequacy, progress, and outcome of their projects; the appraisal of the level of stress, difficulty, and conflict increased as the level of involvement in CB increased. These findings have major implications for the design of prevention and intervention programs for this behavioral problem.

TEXTILE AND GARMENT CLUSTER IN AGUASCALIENTES, LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT BASED ON ITS LIFE CYCLE

ABSTRACT This research done under the COVID pandemic had these Objectives1) Develop a taxonomy to determine the level of cluster development, based on theories of cluster life cycle.2) Apply the taxonomy in the textile and garment cluster in Aguascalientes. Methodology, develop a taxonomy based on cluster theory. Taxonomy is based on three broad dimensions, cluster structure, cluster governance, and cluster performance. These dimensions are made up of fifteen variables, twenty-nine constructs and sixty-one items where each dimension is identified with the level of development of the cluster life cycle: agglomeration, emerging, development, maturity and decline. The results, the cluster stage is development; the cluster has decresed for the last six years, although the prospects are for growth. Keywords Cluster development, cluster life cycle, cluster taxonomy

Development of a laboratory nozzle chamber installation for the humidification of buildings

The nozzle chamber, in which water is sprayed into the air stream using mechanical nozzles, is the main unit for these processes in central air conditioning systems (AHUs). The types of nozzles used do not have a sufficiently high effect of interfacial surface forming due to increased metal usage and the broad total dimensions of certain chambers, i.e., they do not have intensive heat and mass transfer. The authors performed testing of the apparatus in the direct iso-enthalpic air cooling mode to improve the performance of the nozzle chamber. Thus, the experiments conducted confirm the relatively high efficiency of FET operation at small values of irrigation coefficient B ≥ 1.0. The area highlighted is characterised by the unstable operation of other nozzle types. Therefore, FET nozzles can be operated at irrigation factor values B = 0.1…1.0. Experiments have shown that this equation is applicable for practical calculations, with a relative error of ±6.7%. The aerodynamic resistance of the spray chamber nozzle chambers is also according to the data not exceeding 160 Pa.

Some Reflections on Constitutional Amendment Movement in the First Half of Moon Jae-In Government: With Special Reference to the Role of the Judicial Bodies

This article aims at looking into the historical, political, social, and institutional considerations that may have influenced the suspension of President Moon Jae-In s proposal for constitutional amendment in 2018. Although broad factors and dimensions can be called upon in this regard, as far as institutional considerations are concerned, a focus will be given to the role of the judicial bodies in constitutional change. Either any abrupt attribution of all the political, social, and economic problems which the Korean society faces to the constitutional system alone and its concomitant idealistic or fundamentalist, partisan and non-consensual drive for comprehensive constitutional amendment as a panacea for such pathologies are doomed to failure. Since any constitutional reform movement should be based upon deliberative consensus on the exact causes of constitutional problems and effective alternatives to the existing constitutional institutions and rules, not only constitutional amendment but also legislative reform and changes in political culture are required for the successful constitutional change. The Korean experience in the first half of Moon Jae-In Government shows that constitutional changes through either formal constitutional amendment or informal change through judicial interpretation of the constitution can be foreseeable

Relation of principal instructional leadership, school climate, teacher job performance and student achievement

PurposeWe study the role of school climate, and teacher task, and citizenship performance in mediating the effects of principal instructional leadership behavior on student achievement.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling was applied to data obtained from 302 Indian secondary schools to test a mediated-effects model.FindingsSchool climate was examined under two broad dimensions, the social and affective and the physical environment. Results of mediation analysis showed that the benefits of principal instructional leadership for student achievement are operationalized as an indirect effect. This indirect effect is realized primarily through the physical environment, and the in-role task performance of teachers. No significant contribution to the indirect effect through the social and affective environment was found. The latter, nonetheless, fully mediated the relationship between the instructional leadership and extra-role or citizenship behavior of teachers. These findings underscore the different and distinct mediating roles played by the social and affective, and physical dimensions of the school climate in our model.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, the reported associations between principal instructional leadership, school climate and student achievement that take into account both the in-role and extra-role job performance of teachers within the purview of a single framework are new. Also, this is the first study exploring these relations in an Indian context.

Facial expressions elicit multiplexed perceptions of emotion categories and dimensions

SummaryHuman facial expressions are complex, multi-component signals that can communicate rich information about emotions,1, 2, 3, 4, 5 including specific categories, such as “anger,” and broader dimensions, such as “negative valence, high arousal.”6, 7, 8 An enduring question is how this complex signaling is achieved. Communication theory predicts that multi-component signals could transmit each type of emotion information—i.e., specific categories and broader dimensions—via the same or different facial signal components, with implications for elucidating the system and ontology of facial expression communication.9 We addressed this question using a communication-systems-based method that agnostically generates facial expressions and uses the receiver’s perceptions to model the specific facial signal components that represent emotion category and dimensional information to them.10, 11, 12 First, we derived the facial expressions that elicit the perception of emotion categories (i.e., the six classic emotions13 plus 19 complex emotions3) and dimensions (i.e., valence and arousal) separately, in 60 individual participants. Comparison of these facial signals showed that they share subsets of components, suggesting that specific latent signals jointly represent—i.e., multiplex—categorical and dimensional information. Further examination revealed these specific latent signals and the joint information they represent. Our results—based on white Western participants, same-ethnicity face stimuli, and commonly used English emotion terms—show that facial expressions can jointly represent specific emotion categories and broad dimensions to perceivers via multiplexed facial signal components. Our results provide insights into the ontology and system of facial expression communication and a new information-theoretic framework that can characterize its complexities.

Association between dysglycemia and mortality by diabetes status and risk factors of dysglycemia in critically ill patients: a retrospective study

AimsDysglycemia, including the three domains hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and increased glycemic variability (GV), is associated with high mortality among critically ill patients. However, this association differs by diabetes status, and reports in this regard are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the three dysglycemia domains and mortality in critically ill patients by diabetes status and determined the contributing factors for dysglycemia.MethodsThis retrospective study included 958 critically ill patients (admitted to the ICU) with or without DM. Dysglycemia was defined as abnormality of any of the three dimensions. We evaluated the effects of the three domains of glucose control on mortality using binary logistic regression and then adjusted for confounders. The associations between dysglycemia and other variables were investigated using cumulative logistic regression analysis.ResultGV independently and similarly affected mortality in both groups after adjustment for confounders (DM: odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.08; p <0.001; non-DM: OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.11; p = 0.002). Hypoglycemia was strongly associated with ICU mortality among patients without DM (3.12; 1.76-5.53; p <0.001) and less so among those with DM (1.18; 0.49-2.83; p = 0.72). Hyperglycemia was non-significantly associated with mortality in both groups. However, the effects of dysglycemia seemed cumulative. The factors contributing to dysglycemia included disease severity, insulin treatment, glucocorticoid use, serum albumin level, total parenteral nutrition, duration of diabetes, elevated procalcitonin level, and need for mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy.ConclusionThe association between the three dimensions of dysglycemia and mortality varied by diabetes status. Dysglycemia in critical patients is associated with excess mortality; however, glucose management in patients should be specific to the patient’s need considering the diabetes status and broader dimensions. The identified factors for dysglycemia could be used for risk assessment in glucose management requirement in critically ill patients, which may improve clinical outcomes.

Development of the hungarian version of the short dark triad questionnaire (SD3-HU): psychometric properties and validity

The present studies were aimed at developing the Hungarian version of the Short Dark Triad questionnaire (SD3-HU). The internal structure of the translated questionnaire was examined with confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling. Then the construct and concurrent validity of the Hungarian version was tested. The obtained results were based on a total of seven independent samples (NTOTAL = 2161). While the internal structure of the SD3-HU showed inconsistencies with that of the original SD3, it proved consistent with adaptations developed in other languages. The SD3-HU showed adequate construct and concurrent validity. In line with the conceptual framework of, and previous empirical findings on the Dark Triad, each dark trait showed the expected associations with broad personality dimensions, sensation seeking, character strengths, work motivation, and counterproductive work behaviors. Furthermore, self-ratings on the SD3-HU were consistent with peer ratings. In sum, the SD3-HU is a reliable and valid measure of the dark traits.

Maqasid Approach In Measuring Quality Of Life (QoL)

Studies and discussion in measuring the quality of life (QoL) has been at the centre stage ever since people realize its importance for the wellness of mankind. It is even more important when the concept is associated with sustainable development goal (SDG). Some studies relate QoL with physical health, psychological health, social relationship and environment. Others associate it with authentic happiness that refers to the criteria of pleasant life, a good life, a meaningful life and balanced life. Nevertheless, what can be considered as a holistic QoL? Can it be confined to the material and physical wellness of the people? Could there be any different perspective in looking at the concept in a holistic view? This study would attempt to answer the above questions by deliberating the dimensions of QoL enshrined by the maqasid al-shariah (the objectives of shariah). External Desk Study is employed in getting the required information and data relating to the definition and measurement of QoL. Relevant literatures in the area are reviewed and analysed in coming up with the new dimensions of holistic QoL. In analyzing the data, deductive approach is used to come up with the list of indicators for every dimension of maqasid-based QoL. Finding of this study is expected to shed light in looking into a much broader dimension of QoL.

Song varies with latitude, climate, and species richness in a Neotropical bird

AbstractAnimals can encode information within acoustic signals, particularly, bird songs can be remarkably complex and can indicate individual identity and quality. Two main sets of hypotheses attempt to explain the evolution of increased birdsong complexity across large-scale geographic ranges: 1) larger acoustic space availability, and 2) greater sexual selection intensity, both of which would favor the evolution of more complex songs at higher latitudes, more seasonal and/or species-poor environments. However, few studies have assessed patterns of song complexity for birds with broad geographic ranges. Here, we determined patterns of song variation in the blue-black grassquit (Volatinia jacarina), considering metrics of song complexity, structure and performance. This Neotropical bird occurs from Mexico to Argentina and produces a monosyllabic song. Using recordings from online databases, we calculated song metrics, such as bandwidth, song rate, number of song components, and proportion of vibratos of this signal. We found that song features varied with latitude, climate seasonality, bird species richness, and hemisphere. However, contrary to theoretical predictions, complexity mostly decreased with latitude and greater seasonality, while it was positively correlated with bird species richness. Proportion of vibratos was positively correlated with latitude and seasonality, and may be a feature under sexual selection in this species. Overall, our results did not support the main hypotheses proposed as explanations for song complexity. Our findings also highlight that song complexity does not vary uniformly among songbirds and song parameters, and future studies encompassing more species should clarify patterns and drivers of song variation across broad geographic dimensions.

Correlation between laboratory-based vicarious threat learning and emotional disorder symptom dimensions

Background and objectivesVicarious threat conditioning abnormalities are theorized to confer vulnerability to a wide range of emotional problems. We tested two different conceptual models of this non-specificity. First, hypersensitivity to socially conditioned danger cues might predict standing on a general internalizing dimension that represents commonalities among various forms of anxiety and depression. Second, this hypersensitivity might predict specific symptom clusters, such as panic or social anxiety. MethodsWe examined university students' (N = 150) defensive responses during a vicarious threat conditioning task in relation to both broad and specific components of the internalizing domain. ResultsVicarious conditioning was successful, such that participants exhibited larger subjective and skin conductance responses during their first direct encounters with threatening, as compared to nonthreatening, conditioned stimuli. But, contrary to hypotheses, individual differences in this threat learning process were not robustly correlated with any internalizing dimension. LimitationsThe threat value of the conditioned stimuli was readily apparent, possibly limiting individual differences in defensive responding and, in turn, the correlations between conditioned responses and symptom dimensions. Also, results may differ in clinical populations. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the association between vicarious threat learning and emotional disorder risk—whether it is conceptualized in terms of broad symptom dimensions that span many categorical diagnoses or more fine-grain symptom processes—is weaker than previously believed, at least in this population. Data, analysis code, and stimulus materials are available at https://osf.io/m3xst/.

Development of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-55 abbreviated research scales.

The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) is a normal range inventory for assessing a variety of empirically derived primary traits. These trait scores can be differentially weighted to estimate higher-order broad dimensions such as Positive Emotionality (PEM), Negative Emotionality (NEM), and Constraint (CON). However, broad trait scores are estimated using proprietary regression equations and necessitate near complete administration of the inventory. We aimed to increase measurement efficiency by creating abbreviated item-based approximations of these weighted scores. To parsimoniously delineate and differentiate the broad traits, classical test theory and item response theory approaches were used to identify five items from each primary trait scale approximating the weighted estimates while also maintaining the breadth of MPQ content coverage. Initial scale development relied on the MPQ-276 (standard form) normative sample (n = 1,237), which was followed by cross-validation using two samples of twins and cotwins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study (n = 1,304, n = 1,305). Additional validation was conducted using a third sample of undergraduate students (n = 201).The resulting item-based scales (PEM-20, NEM-15, CON-15) demonstrated strong convergence with the established proprietary broad trait estimates. Furthermore, these abbreviated scales exhibited similar associations with the external measures of personality and psychopathology. Abbreviated item-based scales may have utility for efficient estimation of the same broadband personality dimensions assessed by longer forms of the MPQ. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).