Broader Community Research Articles

Structural and functional effects of global invasion pressure on benthic marine communities—patterns, challenges and priorities

AbstractAimRetrospective (pre‐ vs. post‐invasion) and cross‐sectional comparisons of ecosystems exposed to high and low bioinvasion pressure, provide an alternative approach to evaluate shifts in biological communities associated with non‐indigenous species (NIS) introductions. In this study, we aimed to examine general patterns of change in community composition, structure and function in six well‐studied and globally distributed marine ecosystems that had documented histories of biological invasions.LocationGlobal.MethodsBy considering a range of regional datasets and different sampling approaches, we evaluated trends within and among ecosystems by comparing paired measures of community and functional structure in either space or time.ResultsOur analyses revealed different patterns of structural and functional change at ecosystem scales, but direct comparisons across regions were hindered by confounding effects of study designs and other drivers of change. The most prominent shifts in community composition were observed in the retrospective studies, characterised by the greatest relative contribution of NIS. No uniform pattern of change in functional metrics was observed across study regions. However, functional evenness and dispersion showed a tendency to increase in systems under higher invasion pressure, refuting the hypothesis of selective accumulation of specific traits and functional homogenisation within ecosystems exposed to high invasion pressure.Main ConclusionsAccumulation of NIS within broader communities can be a subtle process, with inherent spatial and temporal variability. Nonetheless, not only do species' proportional contributions to communities change over time in areas subjected to high bioinvasion pressure, but trait profiles can incrementally shift, which alters the original ecology of an area. Planned, long‐term studies that incorporate a range of measures of environmental drivers and ecosystem response are crucial for better understanding of cumulative, community‐level and ecosystem‐scale change associated with biological invasions.

Ensuring Sustainable Hospitality: A Case Study on Occupational Health and Safety Governance at Ros-In Hotel

Workplace accidents often stem from worker negligence, human error, and insufficient management, including substandard occupational health and safety measures. Case studies, a common qualitative research method, utilize interviews and observations for primary data collection. In a specific case study at Hotel Ros-In, Yogyakarta, the Human Resources Manager was the key informant, participating in a 60-minute interview with three sub-themes: Covid-19 Post-Pandemic Regulation, Occupational Health and Safety, and Environmental Health. During the interview, Ros-In Hotel exhibited a robust commitment to complying with Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy guidelines on hygiene, health, safety, and environmental sustainability. In the industrial sector, effective health and safety governance is crucial for maintaining consumer confidence and ensuring facilities meet stringent standards, protecting both consumers and workers. Strong safety protocols actively reduce workplace accidents and occupational diseases, fostering a safer work environment. This commitment not only benefits employees' well-being but enhances the company's overall reputation. Companies like Ros-In Hotel, through adherence to regulatory guidelines and robust safety measures, play a vital role in establishing a secure working atmosphere, instilling confidence in consumers and the broader community.

Microengineered neuronal networks: Enhancing brain-machine interfaces

The Brain-Machine Interface (BMI), a crucial conduit between the human brain and computers, holds transformative potential for various applications in neuroscience. This manuscript explores the role of micro-engineered neuronal networks (MNNs) in advancing BMI technologies and their therapeutic applications. As the interdisciplinary collaboration intensifies, the need for innovative and user-friendly BMI technologies becomes paramount. A comprehensive literature review sourced from reputable databases (PubMed Central, Medline, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar) aided in the foundation of the manuscript, emphasizing the pivotal role of MNNs. This study aims to synthesize and analyse the diverse facets of MNNs in the context of BMI technologies, contributing insights into neural processes, technological advancements, therapeutic potentials, and ethical considerations surrounding BMIs. MNNs, exemplified by dual-mode neural microelectrodes, offer a controlled platform for understanding complex neural processes. Through case studies, we showcase the pivotal role of MNNs in BMI innovation, addressing challenges, and paving the way for therapeutic applications. The integration of MNNs with BMI technologies marks a revolutionary stride in neuroscience, refining brain-computer interactions and offering therapeutic avenues for neurological disorders. Challenges, ethical considerations, and future trends in BMI research necessitate a balanced approach, leveraging interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure responsible and ethical advancements. Embracing the potential of MNNs is paramount for the betterment of individuals with neurological conditions and the broader community.

Advancements in Vision-Based Sign Language Recognition: A Comprehensive Review

As nearly 70 million individuals suffer from disabling hearing loss, sign language serves as an important means of communication. Unfortunately, the lack of proficiency in sign language among the general population hinders meaningful interactions with those who rely on it. This paper presents an extensive analysis of the cutting-edge methodologies in sign language translation, with the ultimate goal of facilitating effective communication between sign language users and the broader community. In addition to reviewing state-of-the-art approaches, this work also investigates into the challenges and limitations faced by gesture recognition research. Overall, it is expected that the study may provide readers and researchers with a guide for future research and creation in the field of sign language recognition.

COMPREHENSIVE COLOR VISION ENHANCEMENT FOR COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY: A TENSORFLOW AND KERAS BASED APPROACH

Individuals with color vision deficiency (CVD) often encounter challenges in navigating and interacting with their environment due to limitations in perceiving colors accurately. This deficiency can impede various daily tasks and activities, leading to dependency on others for assistance with color-related tasks and potentially limiting independence and inclusivity. Addressing these challenges, our research focuses on the development of a machine learning-based color transformation system. Leveraging TensorFlow and Keras frameworks, the system employs advanced machine learning techniques to identify and transform colors within images, ultimately enhancing visibility for individuals with CVD. The primary objective is to empower individuals with CVD by providing a real-world tool that improves color visibility in images and enables self-assessment of their condition. This solution aims to enhance navigation, reduce dependency on others for color-related tasks, and foster inclusivity through technological innovation. Additionally, our research emphasizes the accuracy and reliability of the machine learning models through rigorous testing and validation procedures, ensuring effectiveness across various scenarios and image types. An intuitive and user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) is prioritized to cater to individuals with diverse technical abilities. Beyond its immediate impact, the research seeks to raise awareness and promote understanding of color vision deficiency within the broader community, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and accessible society for all.

Public engagement with COVID-19 preprints: Bridging the gap between scientists and society

Abstract The surge in preprint server use, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitates a reexamination of their significance in the realm of science communication. This study rigorously investigates discussions surrounding preprints, framing them within the contexts of systems theory and boundary objects in scholarly communication. An analysis of a curated selection of COVID-19-related preprints from bioRxiv and medRxiv was conducted, emphasizing those that transitioned to journal publications, alongside the associated commentary and Twitter activity. The data set was bifurcated into comments by biomedical experts versus those by nonexperts, encompassing both academic and general public perspectives. Findings revealed that while peers dominated nearly half the preprint discussions, their presence on Twitter was markedly diminished. Yet, intriguingly, the themes explored by these two groups diverged considerably. Preprints emerged as potent boundary objects, reinforcing, rather than obscuring, the delineation between scientific and nonscientific discourse. They serve as crucial conduits for knowledge dissemination and foster interdisciplinary engagements. Nonetheless, the interplay between scientists and the wider public remains nuanced, necessitating strategies to incorporate these diverse discussions into the peer review continuum without compromising academic integrity and to cultivate sustained engagement from both experts and the broader community.

Access to Emergency Services: A New York City Case Study

Emergency services play a crucial role in safeguarding human life and property within society. In this paper, we propose a network-based methodology for calculating transportation access between emergency services and the broader community. Using New York City as a case study, this study identifies ‘emergency service deserts’ based on the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) guidelines, where accessibility to Fire, Emergency Medical Services, Police, and Hospitals are compromised. The results show that while 95% of NYC residents are well-served by emergency services, the residents of Staten Island are disproportionately underserved. By quantifying the relationship between first responder travel time, Emergency Services Sector (ESS) site density, and population density, we discovered a negative power law relationship between travel time and ESS site density. This relationship can be used directly by policymakers to determine which parts of a community would benefit the most from providing new ESS locations. Furthermore, this methodology can be used to quantify the resilience of emergency service infrastructure by observing changes in accessibility in communities facing threats.

MALTA: A Zonally Averaged Global Atmospheric Transport Model for Long‐Lived Trace Gases

AbstractWe present a two‐dimensional, zonally averaged global model of atmospheric transport named MALTA: Model of Averaged in Longitude Transport in the Atmosphere. It aims to be accessible to a broad community of users, with the primary function of quantifying emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances. The model transport is derived from meteorological reanalysis data and flux‐gradient experiments using a three‐dimensional transport model. Atmospheric sinks are prescribed loss frequency fields. The zonally averaged model simulates important large‐scale transport features such as the influence on trace gas concentrations of the quasi‐biennial oscillation and variations in inter‐hemispheric transport rates. Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange is comparable to a three‐dimensional model and inter‐hemispheric transport is faster by up to 0.3 years than typical transport times of three‐dimensional models, depending on the metric used. Validation of the model shows that it can estimate emissions of CFC‐11 from an incorrect a priori emissions field well using three‐dimensional (3D) mole fraction fields generated using a different 3D model than which the flux gradient relationships were derived. The model is open source and is expected to be applicable to a wide range of studies requiring a fast, simple model of atmospheric transport and chemical processes for estimating associated emissions or mole fractions.

Victimisation in the life of persons with severe mental illness in Uganda: a pluralistic qualitative study.

Victimisation of persons with severe mental illness is recognised as an urgent global concern, with literature pointing to higher rates of violent victimisation of persons with severe mental illness than those of the general population. Yet, for low income countries, there is a huge gap in the literature on the risk, character and victims' in-depth experiences of victimisation of persons with severe mental illness. We explore the lived experiences and meanings of victimisation of persons with severe mental illness in Uganda, and discuss their implications for care of the mentally ill. A pluralistic qualitative study was undertaken to explore victimisation among patients with severe mental illness. Patients who had suffered victimisation were purposively sampled from Butabika National Referral Mental Clinic and Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, following confirmation of symptom remission. In-depth interviews were held with 18 participants, comprising 13 females and 5 males from low to moderate socioeconomic status. Interpretative phenomenological analysis and thematic content analysis were conducted. Victimisation was exhibited in three main forms: (a) psychological, expressed in attitudes towards mentally ill family members as valueless and dispensable, and stigmatisation, (b) physical, as manifested in beatings, indoor confinement and tethering mostly by family members and (c) sexual victimisation, particularly rape. Also observed were victim's various responses that pointed to the negative impact of victimisation, including a heightened risk of suicide, social withdrawal, a sense of hatefulness and a predisposition to more victimisation. The family environment plays a predominant role in perpetrating victimisation of the mentally ill in some sub-Saharan African contexts such as Uganda. We propose a holistic framework for mental health interventions, incorporating biomedical but notably also social determinants of mental health, and targeted at improving familial relationships, social support and a sense of belongingness both within the family and the broader community.

Factors impacting decreased basic immunization coverage in infants

Background: The data reveal a consistent decrease in the overall immunization coverage for babies in Kota Pariaman over a span of four years. Specifically, the coverage rates were recorded as 81.8% in 2018, 78.6% in 2019, 55.7% in 2020, and 66.7% in 2021. Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the factors that contribute to the decrease in the achievement of complete basic immunization among children in Kota Pariaman. Methods: The present study used the quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design. The study sample comprised of mothers with infants aged 12 months residing in Pariaman City. A purposive sampling method was employed to choose a total of 154 participants. The research was carried out between March 2022 and October 2022. Univariate analysis describes variable frequency, bivariate examines relationships using chi-square (p<0.05) and multivariate employs logistic regression, identifying influential variables. Results: Key findings include a lack of knowledge (40.3%), non-supportive attitudes of mothers (56.5%), mistrust by mothers (42.9%), limited access to health resources (52.6%), and inadequate family support (48.1%). There was significant support from healthcare workers (94.2%) and moderate backing from community leaders (56.5%). Significantly, a noteworthy association was observed between knowledge (p < 0.05), attitudes (p < 0.05), and family support (p < 0.05), and the successful attainment of fundamental vaccinations. Conclusions: Factors leading to the decreased rate of complete basic immunization for infants in Kota Pariaman include attitude, family support, and knowledge. As a remedy, local governments and health workers are urged to proactively provide health education on the significance of full basic immunization for infants. This preventive measure is paramount in safeguarding against severe acute illnesses, benefiting both the child and the broader community

Digital mosque management strengthening workshop to enhance the competence of mosque administrators in Malang City

In recent years, mosques have primarily served as places of worship, neglecting their ten additional roles and functions. This stems from the limited understanding of mosque administrators (takmir masjid). This community service initiative aimed to enhance the competence of takmir masjid in management, digitalization, and mosque economic empowerment, targeting mosque administrators in Malang City. The activities employed included lectures, discussions, and hands-on training. The outcomes revealed a significant improvement in takmir masjid competence, particularly in utilizing MOSQ for mosque management. Besides enhancing mosque management systems, the broader community can now easily access online information about mosques.

Family dynamics towards heritage language maintenance

This article investigates Family Language Policy and grassroots-level practices of the heritage language speakers who are first-generation migrants of Indian background in Northern Ireland. Having been settled since the 1920s, Indians are one of the longest-established ethnic minorities in the region, representing around 0.5% of the total non-white residents. Whilst languages of migrant communities brought further complexity to the existing linguistic diversity of Northern Ireland, discussions around language policy in this geopolitical domain focus primarily on its two indigenous languages: Irish and Ulster-Scots. There is no particular policy to promote the languages of migrant communities. Drawing on ethnographic observations and two focus groups, the article analyses the language dynamics of eight Belfast-based families. It further demonstrates how these parents become policy intermediaries by monitoring their children’s heritage language learning through explicit teaching, creating a favourable literacy atmosphere at home, ensuring its use in the family through continuous policing and developing identity through constant dialogue with children about Indian culture. Although the under-the-radar participation of these parents may appear intermittently in the policy discourse, their actions can be interpreted as bottom-up language planning to contest the monopoly of the dominant language and culture in the broader community.

Reflexivity and certified crop advisors’ knowledge paradigms as related to pesticide resistance management

A major unintended risk of modern US agricultural use of pesticides has been pesticide resistance—a situation in which overuse of simplified pesticide-reliant pest management practices results in the loss of pesticide efficacy and results in yield declines, labor and time costs, environmental hazards, and other negative consequences. It has been posited that addressing pesticide resistance will necessitate a transformation in how agriculture is done, including major structural diversification of management practices and the involvement of a broad community of diverse stakeholders co-producing knowledge. Crop advisors—those agronomists providing paid-for agronomic advice to farmers independently or as part of a larger corporation—are one group has a high potential impact on what pesticide resistance management strategies and farmers' information networks. However, there is minimal research on how crop advisors approach the topic of pesticide resistance with their customers, including the reductionist or reflexive approaches they may draw on in their information provisioning. We explore this topic through a series of regional focus groups intended to uncover crop advisors’ perspectives on structural barriers to resistance management and use of reflexivity in their application of reductionist or iterative knowledge provisioning paradigms. We find that crop advisors recognize complex structural barriers to effective pesticide resistance management; while modern reductionist approaches were evident in attempts to overcome these barriers, crop advisors also engaged in reflexivity and drew on iterative forms of knowledge provisioning, particularly when unaffiliated with an agrichemical company and when working with fewer customers and higher value specialty crops. Additionally, those crop advisors applying a reductionist advising approach did not necessarily adhere to a modernist ideology; rather, we found that most crop advisors were reflexively critical of this approach and preferred a more iterative format but were constrained from taking action on this preference due to structures based in the capitalist industrialized US agricultural system. We propose that reflexivity is present but insufficient to alter patterns of pesticide resistance information and management without significant structural alterations.

Real space iterative reconstruction for vector tomography (RESIRE-V)

Tomography has had an important impact on the physical, biological, and medical sciences. To date, most tomographic applications have been focused on 3D scalar reconstructions. However, in some crucial applications, vector tomography is required to reconstruct 3D vector fields such as the electric and magnetic fields. Over the years, several vector tomography methods have been developed. Here, we present the mathematical foundation and algorithmic implementation of REal Space Iterative REconstruction for Vector tomography, termed RESIRE-V. RESIRE-V uses multiple tilt series of projections and iterates between the projections and a 3D reconstruction. Each iteration consists of a forward step using the Radon transform and a backward step using its transpose, then updates the object via gradient descent. Incorporating with a 3D support constraint, the algorithm iteratively minimizes an error metric, defined as the difference between the measured and calculated projections. The algorithm can also be used to refine the tilt angles and further improve the 3D reconstruction. To validate RESIRE-V, we first apply it to a simulated data set of the 3D magnetization vector field, consisting of two orthogonal tilt series, each with a missing wedge. Our quantitative analysis shows that the three components of the reconstructed magnetization vector field agree well with the ground-truth counterparts. We then use RESIRE-V to reconstruct the 3D magnetization vector field of a ferromagnetic meta-lattice consisting of three tilt series. Our 3D vector reconstruction reveals the existence of topological magnetic defects with positive and negative charges. We expect that RESIRE-V can be incorporated into different imaging modalities as a general vector tomography method. To make the algorithm accessible to a broad user community, we have made our RESIRE-V MATLAB source codes and the data freely available at https://github.com/minhpham0309/RESIRE-V.

Metagenomic profiling of halites from the Atacama Desert: an extreme environment with natural perchlorate does not promote high diversity of perchlorate reducing microorganisms.

We surveyed the presence of perchlorate-reducing microorganisms in available metagenomic data of halite environments from the Atacama Desert, an extreme environment characterized by high perchlorate concentrations, intense ultraviolet radiation, saline and oxidizing soils, and severe desiccation. While the presence of perchlorate might suggest a broad community of perchlorate reducers or a high abundance of a dominant taxa, our search reveals a scarce presence. In fact, we identified only one halophilic species, Salinibacter sp003022435, carrying the pcrA and pcrC genes, represented in low abundance. Moreover, we also discovered some napA genes and organisms carrying the nitrate reductase nasB gene, which hints at the possibility of cryptic perchlorate reduction occurring in these ecosystems. Our findings contribute with the knowledge of perchlorate reduction metabolism potentially occurring in halites from Atacama Desert and point towards promising future research into the perchlorate-reducing mechanism in Salinibacter, a common halophilic bacterium found in hypersaline ecosystems, whose metabolic potential remains largely unknown.

Midwife as Counsellor: Midwives' Experiences Counselling Women Through Pregnancy, Birth and the Early Postpartum

Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are transformative life experiences that can create or exacerbate significant emotional, physical, social, and relational challenges. Midwives help women to feel confident and knowledgeable, to cope with anxiety and fear, and to prepare for considerable shifts of identity, responsibility, and family life. Research shows that counselling has the potential to positively impact women’s birth experiences and outcomes; however, less is known about how midwives understand and experience their role in counselling women. Methods: In the current study, nine practicing midwives in British Columbia, Canada, participated in a semi-structured interview. Interview transcripts were coded for themes. Results: Five themes emerged from the qualitative analysis of the interview responses, including: counselling as “part of the job”, the importance of “meeting people where they are at”, feeling that “sometimes we’re out of our depths”, “learning by doing”, and the importance of “taking care of the midwife.” Discussion: Findings from this study suggest that counselling is a prevalent part of midwifery care in British Columbia. Future studies should focus on exploring the impact of midwives’ accessibility to their clients when specialized counselling services are not available, collaborative ways for midwives to participate with mental health professionals in the broader community, and tailoring professional development for midwives in both health and mental health counselling. This article has been peer-reviewed.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Education for Residents of Labuh Baru Timur RT 02/08, Payung Sekaki District, Pekanbaru

This community service is conducted in the form of public health initiatives aimed at combating dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Indonesia. These initiatives are implemented in Labuh Baru Timur Village, RT 02/08, located in Payung Sekaki District, Pekanbaru City, Riau Province. The target beneficiaries of these activities include toddlers, children, adolescent girls, housewives, and the broader community. The primary objective of this community service endeavor is to enhance the knowledge of the targeted partner communities, particularly mothers who are members of POSYANDU (integrated health post), PUSKESMAS (community health centers), doctors, and village midwives, regarding the causes, consequences, and prevention strategies related to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The methods employed for executing this community service activity involved conducting household visits and organizing discussions on dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Data about participants’ understanding of DHF were collected through pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The anticipated outcome of these efforts is to reduce the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and minimize its impact on affected individuals. In instances where residents are diagnosed with DHF and necessitate hospitalization, the objective is to facilitate their prompt and full recovery, thereby enabling them to resume their daily routines, including school attendance.

Prophetic Approach in Environmental Education and Community Empowerment: A Case Study of Sustainable Pesantren Development

Purpose: This study explores the application of the prophetic approach in community empowerment for the development of sustainable Pesantren. It aims to investigate how environmental education, integrated with Islamic teachings, can enhance human awareness and commitment to environmental preservation within the context of Pesantren. Method: The study is based on a case study of Pondok Pesantren Islam Modern (PPMI) Assalaam, utilizing qualitative research methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and direct observation. The analysis focuses on understanding the implementation of environmental education programs and the prophetic approach to community empowerment at PPMI Assalaam. Result and Conclusion: The concept of Green Pesantren at PPMI Assalaam involves integrating environmental education with Islamic teachings and social values, leading to a balanced education approach. Two main programs, the Adiwiyata Program and the Ekopesantren Program, are implemented to promote environmental awareness and sustainable practices within the Pesantren community. The study finds that environmental awareness among the community members influences their beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, contributing to environmental preservation efforts. Additionally, community empowerment at PPMI Assalaam is based on environmental consciousness, community empowerment principles, and the prophetic approach, emphasizing not only physical and social development but also spiritual growth and deeper connections with God. This holistic approach enriches empowerment theory with transcendent elements, providing a profounder understanding of human development and societal change. Implication of the Research: The findings of this study have implications for environmental education and community empowerment initiatives within Pesantren and similar religious educational institutions. By integrating the prophetic approach, Pesantren can enhance their efforts in promoting environmental awareness and sustainable practices among students and the broader community. Moreover, the study suggests that a holistic approach to community empowerment, encompassing spiritual and transcendent dimensions, can lead to more meaningful and sustainable societal change. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the understanding of how the prophetic approach can be applied to environmental education and community empowerment within the context of Pesantren. By integrating Islamic teachings with environmental principles, Pesantren can play a significant role in fostering environmental stewardship and sustainable development. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of considering spiritual dimensions in empowerment theory, offering new insights into holistic approaches to community development.

Applying Nuclear Forward Scattering as In Situ and Operando Tool for the Characterization of FeN4 Moieties in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Nuclear forward scattering (NFS) is a synchrotron-based technique relying on the recoil-free nuclear resonance effect similar to Mössbauer spectroscopy. In this work, we introduce NFS for in situ and operando measurements during electrocatalytic reactions. The technique enables faster data acquisition and better discrimination of certain iron sites in comparison to Mössbauer spectroscopy. It is directly accessible at various synchrotrons to a broad community of researchers and is applicable to multiple metal isotopes. We demonstrate the power of this technique with the hydrogen evolution mechanism of an immobilized iron porphyrin supported on carbon. Such catalysts are often considered as model systems for iron-nitrogen-carbon (FeNC) catalysts. Using in situ and operando NFS in combination with theoretical predictions of spectroscopic data enables the identification of the intermediate that is formed prior to the rate-determining step. The conclusions on the reaction mechanism can be used for future optimization of immobilized molecular catalysts and metal-nitrogen-carbon (MNC) catalysts.

Community-Led Development and Participatory Design in Open Source: Empowering Collaboration for Sustainable Solutions

This whitepaper delves into the active role of community-led development (CLD) and participatory design (PD) in open source software, highlighting how these complementary approaches bring stakeholders from various backgrounds together to create a cooperative atmosphere for developing stable solutions. It emphasizes the importance of these methodologies in enabling communities to tackle real-world issues effectively and robustly, thus influencing the expansion of open-source development. Integrating CLD and PD within open-source projects fosters a more inclusive collaborative development environment, driving innovation and user-centric solutions. Through case studies like Kubernetes and Konveyor, it is evident that these methodologies significantly contribute to project success by enhancing adaptability, ensuring broad community engagement, and addressing diverse user needs. The findings underscore the vital role of these strategies in creating sustainable and resilient software solutions, highlighting their potential to transform the technology development landscape.