Brix Content Research Articles

Action of Light on Metabolism of Yeast FT-858

The light source can cause ultrastructural and morphological changes in yeast and affect your metabolism. Thus, this work has the objective of evaluating the influence of white and ultraviolet light on the fermentative performance of FT-858 yeast in different culture conditions. Yeast cells were grown in Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose (YPD 2%) in which 0.10 g of yeast were added and incubated on a shaker for 10 h at 30 °C at 250 rpm, subsequently washed and centrifuged in solution saline. The biomass harvested was used in the fermentation experiments that were readily performed under white and ultraviolet light with temperature control. Aliquots were withdrawn for cell viability analysis and ethanol production. Yeast showed better performance under white light at 28 °Brix concentration at 30 °C. Ultraviolet light associated with high temperature and substrate concentration affected yeast physiology by directly interfering with viability and ethanol production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i4.1219

SPATIAL VARIABILITY MAPPING OF SUGARCANE QUALITATIVE ATTRIBUTES

Spatial variability evaluation of qualitative attributes can be used as an excellent strategy to design forms of intervention that result in better crop profitability for some agricultural crops, for example, sugarcane. Based on the assumption that qualitative attributes of sugarcane present spatial variability and their distributions along the stems are uniform in different varieties, this study aimed to evaluate the distributions of the qualitative parameters of different sugarcane varieties and the spatial variability of these attributes in a commercial field. Samples of nine varieties were collected for laboratory quality analysis, and the Brix parameter was analyzed by a digital refractometer. The analysis of variance, the Tukey test, and geoestatistcs were the statistical analyses applied to the dataset. The maps were generated using 91 sample results from the laboratory analysis of the 16.6 ha field. It was found that, in the harvest period, there was no significant difference in Brix content along the sugarcane stems. Therefore, we can conclude that the Brix content along the sugarcane stems does not change in the harvesting period, and the ideal sampling size to better represent the factors affecting sugarcane qualitative attributes is six points per hectare.

Physico-chemical and Sensory Quality Characteristics of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) Wine as Affected by Initial TSS and Sulphur Dioxide Concentration of the Must

An Attempt was made to prepare wine from mandarin fruit juice using commercial yeast powder and by adjusting the initial TSS of the must at 20, 24, 28 and 32° Brix and SO2 concentration at 100 and 200 ppm. The must having 32° Brix and 100 ppm SO2 had the maximum fermentation rate (1.90). The physico-chemical and sensory quality of wine differed with various treatments. During maturation period, the TSS, acidity and phenol content of the wine decreased while alcohol content increased. After 3 months of maturation period, the wine prepared from the ‘must’ having an initial TSS of 24° Brix and 100 ppm SO2 was found superior with respect to biochemical attributes having 6.67 per cent TSS, 8.89 per cent ethanol and the maximum overall sensory score (7.89/9.00).

Study of interaction between genetic source, harvest time and storage time in some mutant varieties of sweet sorghum to support future bioindustry development

This research aimed to find out interaction of genetic source×harvest time×storage time in 10 mutant varieties of sweet sorghum to support sorghum bioindustry. The study was carried arranged in split-split plot design with 3 replications. Main plot was variety which consists of 10 mutant varieties with 2 control varieties (Numbu and Super 1). Whereas subplot was harvest time consisted of 3 levels (75, 90 and 105 days after planting/DAP). Sub-subplot was storage times (0, 4, 8 days after harvest/DAH). Mutant varieties influenced juice volume and sugar yield. Harvest time influenced brix content and juice volume. Storage time, interaction of variety×harvest time, variety×storage time, and harvest time×storage time had significant effects on all observed traits. Interaction between variety×harvest time×storage time) affect the brix content. High brix content can be gained at harvest time of 90 DAP and with storage time of stalk at 4 DAH. There were 4 mutant varieties of sweet sorghum with high brix content, namely GMS-1 (23,05%), GMS-3 (22,88%), GMS-8 (22,75%), GMS-2 (22,62%) and GMS-6 (22,08%). Mutant variety of GMS-5 had the highest juice volume in all harvest times at 0 DAP. The mutant variety GMS-9 had stable sugar yield in all three harvest and storage times.

Increasing Coconut Sap Production With Liquid Organic Fertilizer Application In Dry Season

The objective of this research was to asses the effect of organic liquid fertilizer application in shoot of coconut plant to coconut sap production. This research was held in Candinata Village, Kutasari Distric, Purbalingga District in August 2015. The treatments were application of organic liquid fertilizer, and without application of organic liquid fertilizer. The data was collected one week after treatment application until three weeks respectively. The observed variables were volume of coconut sap production per day, pH, and sugar brix content. The result of this research showed that organic liquid fertilizer application in shoot of coconut plant increase the coconut sap production (10,89%) and sugar brix (one point) in dry season.

Quality assessment and multivariate calibration of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural during a concentration process for clarified apple juice

Variations in the quality of clarified apple juices subjected to a lab-scale concentration process were assessed. The processing conditions were similar to those used in an industrial three-effects evaporator: 85°C for 25 minutes during the first effect (E1), 75°C for 13 minutes during the second effect (E2) and 58°C for 20 minutes for the third effect (E3). The following parameters were measured at different times from samples of the three effects: Brix content, absorbance spectrum (200 to 670 nm), processing temperature, viscosity, pH, activity of water (Aw) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentration (measured via HPLC). The highest increase in HMF occurred during E3, reaching a concentration of 22.26 ± 1.32 mg/kg, with a Brix content of 65.93 ± 0.95. Such HMF concentrations were just below the European Food Regulation Standards. An increase of HMF correlated well with a decrease of Aw and pH. Absorbance spectral values within the UV range increased with increasing processing time, reflecting the non-enzymatic browning effect. Additionally, at measurements above 50° Brix, the effect of temperature and the Brix content had a significant effect on the viscosity. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and pre-processing data under an Orthogonal signal correction OSC + Wavelets (DWT) scenario yielded a multivariate calibration model that accurately predicted the appearance of HMF during the concentration process (R2 0.947). The proposed methodology may serve as an early warning against a critical threshold of HMF by offering a simple and fast physic-chemical analysis conventionally measured by most of the juice processing industry.

Mapping of QTLs Associated with °Brix and Biomass-Related Traits in Sorghum Using SSR Markers

The non-renewability and greenhouse gas emission nature of crude oil led to the use of renewable plant-based biofuels as alternative energy. Sweet sorghum offers one of the best plant-based bioethanol production from its sugary stalk. Identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with sugar-related traits in sorghum is a crucial step toward the improvement of the sugar content of the crop. The present study was carried out to identify and map QTLs associated with °Brix, stalk diameter and plant height using F2:3 segregating mapping populations derived from a cross between grain sorghum (Sorcoll 163) and sweet sorghum (Gambella). Phenotypic evaluation was conducted in two different environments. A genetic map was constructed using 192 F2 populations genotyped using 76 SSR markers. Estimated heritability for °Brix, stem diameter and plant height amounted to 0.88, 0.41 and 0.65, respectively. A total of seven QTLs distributed across five linkage groups that controls °Brix content were detected using Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping. Each QTL contributed 17.2–44.3% of the total phenotypic variation. The two QTLs located on linkage group SBI-05 and SBI-06 repeated in both environments. These QTLs can be the target of the breeding programs in the future due to high heritability as well as stability in two different environments. The number of SSR markers used in present study is relatively fewer and fine mapping of the target regions should be considered in order to further dissecting the region. All the detected QTLs in this study are categorized as major QTLs, and it could be used further in sweet sorghum improvement program.

Liquid Sensors Based on Enhanced Fabry–Perot Etalons

An optically enhanced Fabry–Perot etalon was demonstrated to accurately measure the refractive index of sugar solutions. The etalon consisted of two silver/SiO2-coated glass substrates separated by a spacer. The semi-transparent silver films of ~15-nm thickness greatly enhanced the interference of light. The SiO2 layer coated on the silver created a hydrophilic surface in addition to protecting the silver from oxidation. The hydrophilic behavior of the SiO2 films together with a capillary action allowed the tested liquids to easily flow into and wet the cavity between the two pieces of glass. Optical spectrophotometer was used to measure the transmission spectra of the etalon with and without a sugar solution. The refractive indices of sugar solutions with different brix concentrations were subsequently determined from the interference peak positions. The results showed a linear response of the refractive index to the brix concentration with a ratio of $\sim 1.7\times 10^{-3}$ refractive index per brix%, making the etalons promising for analyzing specific chemicals in liquids.

Study of anatomical parameters of leaf and brix content of some promising commercial Indian varieties of sugarcane

The structural and quantitative diversity of Kranz anatomy of nineteen Indian varieties of sugarcane was studied in relation to brix content or yield of sugar. The nature and distribution of Kranz tissue and types of vascular bundle in the leaf blade have also been described and discussed. In hand made transverse sections of leaf blade of sugarcane varieties, two different sizes (large and small) of vascular bundles were found. The large vascular bundles were characterized by the presence of metaxylem vessels on the either side of protoxylem. The small vascular bundles entirely consist of metaxylem but lack of protoxylem. Variation of Brix content of the basal, middle and top part of Culm of nineteen varieties was also observed. Statistically, average Brix content was positively correlated with the total area of the photosynthetic cells as well as bundle sheath cells and the linear regression curve followed the straight line.

Characterization of Old Apple Cultivars from Bosnia and Herzegovina by Means of Pomological and Biochemical Analysis

The assessment of quality of old apple varieties was made in order to preserve and use these germplasm in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The characterization was done for ten old varieties of apples selected on the basis of good characteristics of sensory analysis. The following parameters were considered: fruit weight, fruit length and width, stalk length and width, fruit flesh firmness; soluble solids content and total dry matter content of the fruit juice; pH, titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant potential evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Statistical analysis was performed separately for sensory, pomological and biochemical characterization (in two consecutive years) by analysis of variance. Only traits such as weight, width and height of the fruit were the biggest in ‘Vinjugara’ which had a low content of titratable acidity whereby it could be singled out as an acceptable variety for consumers. ‘Đedovača’ had the highest content of phenols (1711.8 mg GAE/100 g of fruit weight), which is in complete relationship with good free radical scavenging activity (11.1 mg of fresh fruit/ml). ‘Kolačara’ and ‘Gospoinjača’ were distinguished as particularly interesting for good nutritional characteristics, primarily the content of phenols, flavonoids and free radical scavenging ability, but also for suitable storage characteristics, °Brix content and firmness. Due to favourable pomological and biochemical characteristics these varieties were recommended to be included in the breeding program that will result in the enrichment of germplasm of the apples from these areas.

Genetic Variability of Exotic Sugarcane Genotypes.

Sugarcane is the main sugar producing crop in Bangladesh. However, improvement of this crop through breeding is limited due to lack of genetic diversity. Therefore, genetic variability and diversity assessment are necessarily important for the foreign introduced materials. Experiment was conducted with 9 exotic sugarcane genotypes at Regional Station, Bangladesh Sugar Crop Research Institute, Gazipur, during 2012-13, following RCBD. Data were collected on different growth and yield contributing characters. Individual cane weight exhibited high genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation. Leaf blade length, leaf blade width, fresh leaf weight, dried leaf weight, number of tillers, millable cane, bud size, cane diameter, internodes number, internode length, plant height, stalk length, brix%, and individual cane weight showed high heritability. Individual cane weight showed highly significant and positive correlation with cane diameter, internode length, and stalk length, whereas path coefficient analysis revealed that cane diameter had maximum positive direct effect on individual cane weight followed by internode length, number of tillers, and chlorophyll content. Results indicate that the genotypes should be selected on the basis of individual cane weight, cane diameter, and millable canes number for future breeding to get higher sugarcane yield in respect to juice and brix content.

Storage Stability Test of Sweet Sorghum SPV 422 (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Syrup

A four-month storage stability test on the sweet sorghum (SPV 422) syrup was conducted. The syrup’s initial Brix, storage containers’ material of construction and incubation temperature were the experimental parameters. A higher degree Brix concentration of around 40-65 degree Brix is preferred due to having least reductions in the reducing sugar content, pH and dissolved solids concentration upon storage. This study also confirmed that high density polyethylene (HDPE) was a more suitable material than carbon steel for storage containers of sweet sorghum syrup. On the other hand, analyses of the dependence of the syrup’s stability on storage temperature proved that a higher temperature 40ºC was more preferred for lesser degree of changes in amount of reducing sugars and Brix. Conversely, a larger drop in pH was observed at 40ºC incubation temperature.

Romanian honey authentication based on physico-chemical parameters and chemometrics

The aim of this study was to determine the physico-chemical parameters [glucose, fructose and sucrose content, pH, moisture content, aw, refraction index, Brix concentration, free acidity, ash content, electrical conductivity, colour parameters (L*, a*, b*, chroma, hue angle, yellow index)] of five different honey types from Romania. The honey types were: acacia, sunflower, tilia, honeydew and polyfloral. For this study 50 samples of honey were used. The pH ranged between 3.88 and 6.39, aw ranged between 0.476 and 0.603, free acidity 3.40–37.10, moisture content 14.44–19.80%, electrical conductivity ranged between 109.9 and 1276.8 µS/cm, ash content 0.05–0.63%, L* 19.60–48.08, a* −1.96 to 7.68, b* 4.16–18.24, chroma 6.53–18.32, hue angle −13.44 to 17.01, yellow index 21.89–70.20, fructose content 33.64–47.31%, glucose 22.06–38.25%, sucrose 0–2.71%, and fructose and glucose contents sum 66.62–79.94%. The authentication of honeys was made using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Principal component analysis (PCA). According to the LDA, 94.00% of the honey was correctly classified using these physico-chemical parameters.

ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA PARAMÉTRICA DE FATORES DE OPERAÇÃO NO PROCESSO DE FERMENTAÇÃO PARA OBTENÇÃO DE CACHAÇA

Brazilian sugar cane spirit (cachaça) production is traditional among rural producers in Santo Antônio da Patrulha-RS-Brazil. In this work, in similar conditions used by the producers, the effect of different °Brix and nutrients concentration on sugar cane juice fermentation time and ethanol yield was tested. Sixteen experiments were executed, predicted in a statistical planning, in order to identify the effect of eight factors. The results indicate that the increase on manganese sulfate concentration and cornmeal amount, and also the zinc sulfate concentration increase in interaction effect with higher °Brix, cause increase in fermentation time. It was also observed that the ethanol yield was higher at lower °Brix and at higher triple superphosphate amount in interaction effect with higher °Brix. Ammonium sulfate and copper sulfate concentrations, and also rice bran amount had no significant influence on the process. The best parameters determined, at local conditions, to obtain the lowest fermentation time and higher ethanol yield are the following: 14°Brix, triple superphosphate 0.5 g/L, zinc sulfate 0.5 g/L, manganese sulfate 0.2 g/L, cornmeal 5 g/L. It is also indicated the maintenance of ammonium sulfate 0.5 g/L and rice bran 5 g/L.

Impact of season on the Quality Guava concentrate

<p>Among fruits, guava (<em>Psidium guajava </em>L.), belonging to the Myrtaceae family, grows well in tropical and subtropical regions. It is an important export fruit but it is perishable, so it must be processed into some kind of products like jam, jellies and concentrates. Nutritional and shelf life of fruit based product depend upon number of storage factors as well as pre-harvest factors like soil type, nutrient availability, rainfall, neighbor plants, climate and season. Season is an important pre-harvest factor, affecting the quality attributes of guava products. In present study guava juice concentrate was prepared from fruit harvested in spring as well as in autumn seasons. The results showed that guava concentrate made from autumn fruit had 1.13 times brix content, have higher pH and 3.9 % more vitamin C as compared to concentrate made from spring season guava. The results indicated that the concentrate prepared from guava harvested in autumn season was nutritionally better than the concentrate prepared from guava harvested in spring season.</p>

The role of sucrose metabolizing proteins in hyperosmotic stress tolerance in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

Sugar accumulation is a common metabolic response under drought stress conditions. However, studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms of sugar accumulation under stress remain restricted. This study explores the role of sucrose metabolizing proteins in conferring tolerance to drought-induced hyperosmotic stress, and ultimately osmotic adjustment in sorghum. The effect of stress on sugar content, enzyme activity and gene expression was investigated. Sweet sorghum varieties (ICSV213 and ICSB338) differing in levels of drought tolerance were subjected to a 10-day water deficit period. Brix plant sap analysis indicated elevated total soluble sugar levels under water stress conditions in both varieties with ICSV213 demonstrating a higher brix content than ICSB338. HPLC analysis gave a decrease in sucrose levels and an increase in glucose and fructose concentrations in both varieties with ICSV213 demonstrating higher hexose levels. Enzyme activity levels of invertase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase were found to increase under stress in both varieties with ICSV213 invertase displaying the highest activity when compared to other sucrose metabolizing enzymes. Transcriptional expression of invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) genes was significantly up regulated in ICSV213 under stressed conditions, whereas sucrose synthase (Susy) levels remained low in both varieties. Data obtained for sorghum variety ICSV213 points towards a relationship between hyperosmotic stress tolerance and the accumulation of solutes and sucrose metabolism proteins. Consequently variety ICSV213 may therefore be an excellent target for future development of hyperosmotic stress tolerant sweet sorghum.

Influence of cactus mucilage and marine brown algae extract on the compressive strength and durability of concrete

This paper presents the mechanical performance and durability of concrete with water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.30 and 0.60 containing cactus mucilage and brown marine seaweed extract solutions (at 0.5° Brix concentrations). Cylindrical specimens (100 mm x 200 mm) were cast and moist-cured for 0 and 28 days. Compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability, and chloride diffusion tests were conducted to evaluate all of the concrete mixes at the ages of 60 and 120 days. In addition, accelerated carbonation tests were carried out on specimens at the age of 180 days by exposure to 23 °C, 60% RH and at 4.4% CO2 for 120 days. The compressive strength results showed that only one concrete mix with admixtures increased in strength compared to the control. Regarding the rapid chloride permeability, chloride diffusion and carbonation, the results indicated that the durability of concretes containing organic additions was enhanced compared to the control.

Development of cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers and a CAPS-based genetic linkage map in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum. and Nakai) constructed using whole-genome re-sequencing data.

Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers are useful tools for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study detected and converted SNP sites into CAPS markers based on high-throughput re-sequencing data in watermelon, for linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Two inbred lines, Cream of Saskatchewan (COS) and LSW-177 had been re-sequenced and analyzed by Perl self-compiled script for CAPS marker development. 88.7% and 78.5% of the assembled sequences of the two parental materials could map to the reference watermelon genome, respectively. Comparative assembled genome data analysis provided 225,693 and 19,268 SNPs and indels between the two materials. 532 pairs of CAPS markers were designed with 16 restriction enzymes, among which 271 pairs of primers gave distinct bands of the expected length and polymorphic bands, via PCR and enzyme digestion, with a polymorphic rate of 50.94%. Using the new CAPS markers, an initial CAPS-based genetic linkage map was constructed with the F2 population, spanning 1836.51 cM with 11 linkage groups and 301 markers. 12 QTLs were detected related to fruit flesh color, length, width, shape index, and brix content. These newly CAPS markers will be a valuable resource for breeding programs and genetic studies of watermelon.

Maturation evolution of chardonnay grape for juice preparation

This study aims to evaluate the evolution of the maturation of the “Chardonnay” grape variety for the preparation of juices and its adequacy to the current legislation. Grapes from the 2015 harvest from Sao Lourenco do Sul-RS were used. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design, with the treatment factor being the maturation stages. The physicochemical analysis of titratable acidity, soluble solids, relative density, total sugar, alcohol content, volatile acidity and SS/TA ratio were carried out in EPAGRI – Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina, in the Videira Experimental Station (Videira SC/Brazil). Statistical analysis of the maturation stages was given by linear regression models. When comparing the maturation points of 17∘ Brix and 19∘ Brix to 15∘ Brix, volatile acidity and alcohol content did not fit to the model, while the other tested variables fit properly. Elaborated juices had a decrease in titratable acidity and percentage increments for soluble solids, SS/TA ratio and total sugars for the harvest points at 17 and 19∘ Brix. For 15∘ Brix and 17∘ Brix, nonconformity was observed with the identity and quality standards in relation to soluble solids and SS/TA ratio and relative density. At maturation point 19∘ Brix all variables were found to be consistent.

Effect of rootstock on refraction of forced fresh pepper

Fresh pepper {Capsicum annuum L.) production has a great tradition in Hungary. In 2014 fresh pepper was forced on 1600 ha, which reached approximately a 10 kg/m2 yield. While in case of tomato, which belongs to the Solanaceae family, the use of grafted plants is relevant today, the practice of grafted plants in the cultivation of hungaricum fresh pepper is a not so known and used method. Therefore, the main objective of the experiment was to study the qualitative changes in response to grafting and to determine the appropriate rootstock - scion combination. The experiment was set up in unheated plastic house at the research garden of Szent István University in Soroksár. Combination of two fresh pepper varieties SV 9702 (white type) and Karpex (kapia type) and two rootstocks Snooker and Capsifort were tested in soil and soilless culture. For soil culture the soil of the plastic house and for the soilless culture coconut fiber slabs was used. Grafted and non-grafted white type fresh peppers were placed at a row width and plant spacing of 110+40 x 33 cm (4 plants per m2) while kapia at 110+40 x25 (5.3 plant per m2). After the picking the Brix content was determined at the analytical laboratory of the department. From each repeat, 6 fruits were blended and measured with manual digital refractometer (PAL-1, ATAGO). After our studies both Snooker and Capsifort rootstock are recommended in combination of SV 9702 white type and Karpex kapia type fresh pepper in soilless culture.