Brinjal Genotypes Research Articles

Genetic Investigation of Yield and Related Components in Some Landraces of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

An experiment was conducted at Shivapuri, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India for estimation of genetic variability parameters. The genetic investigation studies in 46 brinjal genotypes estimated genetic variability parameters namely Phenotypic (PCV) and Genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation, range, mean, genetic advance and heritability. The ANOVA due to genotypes is found to be significant indicating the genotypes under study are diverse. The PCV for all characters were slightly higher than GCV, indicating the presence of little environmental influence. The high values of heritability and GAM for yield per plant and yield related traits like fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruits per plant and number of fruits per cluster suggest the inclusivity of these genotypes for yield improvement in brinjal. Further, the genotypes could be studied for genetic and specific combining ability, in-order to include valuable landraces in location specific and objective specific breeding programs.

Effect of soil salinity on germination and survival of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

The present investigation was conducted at vegetable research farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The desired levels of salinity were induced using sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate and calcium chloride in ratio of 2:1:1. Seeds of 102 brinjal genotypes were sown in plug trays. Each brinjal genotype was sown in two (Plug trays) sets. In each plug tray, 28 plants were sown. In one set of plug tray, normal water was applied. When seedlings attained 2 leaf stage (after 10–12 days of sowing), saline water treatment was applied to evaluate seedling survival under salt stress conditions. While in the second set of plug tray, saline water was applied immediately after sowing to evaluate germination percentage under salt stress conditions. It has been observed from the investigation that these genotypes were categorized as 19 genotypes under tolerant, 39 as semi-tolerant and 44 were susceptible to salinity on the basis of nursery and morphological screening trials. Out of these 19 tolerant genotypes, brinjal genotypes (SL-8-PB-1-3- 1-4 (Small Long), KBSR-343-1 (Small round) and BL-215 (Long)) may be recommended for future studies in salt-affected area of Punjab.

Evaluation of Brinjal Genotypes (Solanum melongena L.) for Growth, Yield and Quality Characters in Bundelkhand Region of U.P, India

The experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, UP, India during the Rabi season in 2021 and 2022 to assess the performance of thirty-four genotypes of brinjal. The investigation was carried out in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. The genotype BUB-18-27 exhibited the best yield potential of all the genotypes evaluated based on mean performance, followed by BUB-18-12, BUB-18-4, BUB-18-24, BUB-18-20, BUB-18-22, BUB-18-25, Kashi Taru, BUB-18-25 and BUB-18-17. From the earliness point of view, the genotypes BUB-18-20 recorded lowest value for days to 50% flowering and days to first fruit harvest among the recognized high yielding genotypes. The genotype BUB-18-27 was also found positively best with respect to average fruit weight, total soluble solids, fruit diameter, fruit circumference, number of primary branches and leaf area index. Other genotypes showing better performance for fruit yield per plant were also better for most of fruit yield contributing traits. As a result, these genotypes can be utilized for further improvement of fruit yield and its contributing traits in brinjal.

Evaluation of Purple Segmented Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes for Growth and Yield Contributing Characters under Coimbatore Condition

Aim: Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops which is grown in India and throughout the world which belongs to Solanaceae family with chromosome number 2n =24. This investigation is mainly aimed to evaluate the brinjal genotypes and identify the superior genotypes with high yield, good quality and tolerance to shoot and fruit borer.
 Study Design: The experimental materials consisted of twenty-one genotypes and two check were laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications.
 Place and Duration of Research: The study was carried out at Horticulture orchard, Department of Vegetable Science, Horticulture College and research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2022-2023.
 Methodology: In this study, twenty-one genotypes along with two checks were collected from various part of Tamil Nadu. Plants were raised in portrays and 30 days old plants were transplanted to main field at 60 X 60 cm spacing. Growth and yield parameters were observed and recorded.
 Results: Based on per se performances CBE-SM-006 found to be superior genotype since, it recorded highest marketable fruit yield, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster and minimum fruit and shoot borer infestation followed by CBE-SM-108. Hence, CBE-SM-006 and CBE-SM-108 are the promising genotypes which can be used for further breeding programme. 
 Conclusion: The study will provide detail knowledge on selecting the superior genotypes for further crop improvement in brinjal.

Evaluation of some promising indigenous brinjal genotypes under terai region of West Bengal

Present experiment was implemented under the Department of Vegetable and Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar which situated at terai region of West Bengal during the autumn-winter season of 2019-20 and 2020-21 on 28 highly diversified brinjal genotypes on ten highly important yield and yield attributing traits to assess the extent of involvement of different genetic phenomena in manifestation of important yield related traits and to understand the inter relationship among them to design better selection criteria. Result revealed that there was close proximity in the magnitude among the component of coefficient of variation and these component exhibited high estimates coupled with high heritability for almost all the characters excepting days to first flowers and days to fruit maturity indicated less interference of the environmental factors in the manifestation of these traits. High magnitude of heritability coupled with genetic advance of mean for those character suggested possibility for selecting these characters based on phenotypic performance for further improvement at desired direction. Residual effect from path analysis was 0.1367 at genotypic level which suggested that contribution of the traits under study was approximately 86.5% on yield, argued for appropriate selection of traits for success of present experimental study. From character associationship and path coefficient it was found that expected yield was highly correlated in positive direction with average fruits per plant (0.68 and 0.801), average fruit weight (0.48 and 0.565), numbers of primary branches per plant (0.51 and 0.113); hence, these yield attributing traits were significantly positively related with each other which suggested that simultaneous selective breeding strategy considering these characters for improvement of yield could be rewarding due to their probable conditioning by additive gene action.

Morphological variations in some brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes

Fifteen brinjal genotypes were grown under field condition during the period from September 2019 to March 2020 to study the variation in their morphological characters. Based on the growth habit, the genotypes were classified as erect, semi-erect, and spreading types. Hair was observed generally on the leaf and stem while variability in spine, fruit color, and fruit shape were found among the genotypes. Days to first fruit harvest ranged from 79.67 to 103 days, while the leaf area ranged from 44.33 to 83.67 cm in the genotypes studied. The highest values for the fruit length and breadth had the means of 37.93 and 8.03 cm, respectively. The number of fruits per plant ranged from 9 to 23 with an average yield of 1.08 to 7.65 kg per plant. This study revealed significant morphological variations among the genotypes evaluated, which could be utilized into future breeding programs. Bangladesh J. Agri. 2023, 48(1): 123-129

Assessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among brinjal genotypes based on chloroplast rps 11 gene

Assessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among brinjal genotypes based on chloroplast rps 11 gene

Tomato and Brinjal Germplasm Screening and Rootstock Identification for Fusarium Wilt Resistance

Fusarium oxysporum is a destructive disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) that causes large yield losses in fields and commercial greenhouses, implying the need for disease resistance research. The current study was conducted in Rabi - 2021 at the Postgraduate Research Block, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. In the present study, 25 genotypes of tomato and brinjal were studied for Fusarium wilt resistance at morphological level. Scoring of Fusarium wilt infection severity based on morphological symptoms revealed five groups viz., asymptomatic/no chlorosis in one cultivar (Solanum torvum) slight chlorosis of leaves in two genotypes (Arka Keshav and Surya), Moderate chlorosis with wilting or stunting of the plant in ten genotypes (EC-620509, EC-615055, EC-620378, EC-620389, EC-620394, EC-620422, EC-631369, AVTO-9803, EC-620428 and EC-631379), severe chlorosis with wilting and stunting of the plant in four genotypes (EC-620503, LA-1589, Marutham and PKM-1) and plant death was observed in eight genotypes (EC-620441, EC-620452, LA -0490, Money maker, Pusa rohini, Pusa sheethal, including susceptible checks (Pusa Ruby and Arka Vikas). Genotypes exhibiting Fusarium wilt resistance will be grafted on to commercial variety of tomato and evaluated under open field conditions for yield, quality parameters and disease resistance under Telangana conditions.

Performance evaluation of brinjal genotypes in the mid-hill region of Gandaki Province, Nepal

Six genotypes of brinjal were evaluated at the Horticulture Research Station, Malepatan to identify the potential genotype for mid-hills of Gandaki province in the month of May 2020 and 2021. Experiments were conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The genotypes were Jumli Local, Parwanipur Selection 1, Pusa Purple Long, Tanahun Collection, Takunchaur Collection, and Pokhara Lurkee. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the observed parameters such as fruit per plant, fruit length, fruit weight, and total yield. The highest number of fruits per plant (21.56) was found in the Tanahun Collection followed by Pokhara Lurkee (13.44). The longest fruit (16.07 cm) was found in Pokhara Lurkee, which was at par with Pusa Purple Long (15.51 cm). The highest yield (33.24 mt ha-1) was found in Tanahun Collection followed by Pokhara Lurkee (23.55 mt ha-1). Though Tanahun Collection performed better in yield, Pokhara Lurkee was preferred by the farmers and consumers of the growing area due to long cylindrical shape and its purple color. From this research, it can be concluded that there is a possibility of increasing the productivity of brinjal by the selection of high yielding and consumer preferred genotypes for mid-hill condition of Gandaki province. The genotype showing higher yield and better adaptability needs further evaluation in farmer's field conditions to check the consistency in their performance, and hence, register as a variety.

Molecular signatures of elite brinjal varieties towards grouping and marker–trait association for shoot and fruit borer resistance

Aim: Molecular characterization of brinjal genotypes and exploring marker trait association with a number of antixenosis and antibiosis traits in relation to shoot and fruit borer (SFB) infestation. Methodology: Seven elite brinjal genotypes including the most sensitive and highly resistant checks against SFB were sorted out from a set of 101 germplasm stocks. These were subjected to infestation with SFB in Mylar cages. Data were recorded on antixenosis and antibiosis traits related to SFB infestation. Molecular profiling was done using five RAPD and four SSR primers and the binary marker data (presence and absence of band) were analysed for clustering pattern of genotypes and marker-trait association if any for SFB infestation in brinjal. Results: The RAPD primer OPN04 and two SSR primers smSSR03 and smSSR04 emerged as the highly informative, while OPD 16 (a RAPD primer) and smSSR01 and smSSR09 showed high Rp value. The clustering based on RAPD and SSR profiling was almost similar to the grouping based on antixenosis and antibiosis traits indicating good primer efficiency for screening against SFB infestation. A few RAPD markers revealed significant marker-trait association with a number of antixenosis and antibiosis traits, and more specifically with larval weight under SFB infestation. Besides, a 400bp molecular marker 'OPC05_8' had shown significant MTA with fruit infestation, trichome density and calyx length. Interpretation: The above trait–specific molecular markers may be considered useful for screening of parental lines against SFB tolerance, and as such may be used for marker assisted selection in brinjal breeding programs. Key words: Brinjal, Clustering pattern, Genotyping, Marker-trait association, Shoot and fruit borer infestation

Appraisal of Different Commercially Available Brinjal Genotypes Against Brinjal Shoot and Fruit, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenne (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) Infestation in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Appraisal of Different Commercially Available Brinjal Genotypes Against Brinjal Shoot and Fruit, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenne (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) Infestation in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Assessment of seed quality parameters in fruit rot infected seeds of brinjal caused by Phomopsis vexans and development of eco-friendly management for quality seed production

Phomopsis vexans is an important seed-borne pathogen and it is highly detrimental to brinjal crop. Among seventeen brinjal genotypes studied for the effect of fruit rot on the seed quality parameters using infected and healthy seeds, the germination percentage of infected seeds is relatively lower than the healthy seeds. The reduction in germination percentage of diseased seeds varied between 14 to 67%. Seed quality parameters like germination and vigour were negatively correlated and the electrical conductivity was positively correlated with fruit rot incidence. This shows that a higher incidence of pathogens will lower the viability and vigour of seeds and the infection level is also dependent on genotype and the environmental condition. The three known biocontrol agents were analyzed by using the dual culture technique for the antagonistic effect on the pathogens. The results showed that out of three biocontrol agents, Trichoderma harzianum showed maximum antagonistic effect followed by Pseudomonas fluorescence and Bacillus subtilis. Different modes of action like mycoparasitism, competition, antibiosis and production of antibiotics and secondary metabolites like harzianiol may act as inhibitors against Phomopsis vexans.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity Using D2 Statistics in Brinjal of North Bengal

Aim: Assessment of genetic diversity studies using D2 statistics in Brinjal of North Bengal.
 Study Design: Diversity D2 analysis.
 Methodology: This study was undertaken to understand the genetic divergence of the 32 brinjal genotypes collected from different locations of North Bengal region. Through diversity D2 analysis whole genotypes were categorized under seven groups with no evidence for geographical diversity as necessarily cause of genetic diversity.
 Results and Conclusion: Highest genetic diversity was recorded in cluster I and V argued for their utilization to develop transgressive segregate lines. Genotypes under cluster VI and VII found to be effective for the improvement of yield related attributes. The cross combinations between cluster VI and V, cluster VI and II, cluster VI and VI, cluster VI and I, cluster VI and III, cluster VI and cluster VII could be effectively utilized to improve heterotic population or recombinant.

Genetic variability and correlation analysis for yield and yield contributing characters in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Thirty brinjal genotypes were evaluated for eighteen quantitative characters in a randomized block design with three replications. Variability studies for 18 quantitative characters revealed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was comparatively greater than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied. Maximum PCV (59.49%) and GCV (59.48%) were registered for fruit weight. High estimates of heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were  recorded for most of the traits viz., fruit length, diameter, pedicel length, pedicel thickness, relative fruit calyx length, fruit weight, fruits per plant, the number of marketable fruits, marketable fruit yield and fruit yield per plant indicating the prominence of additive gene action, thus pointing towards the effectiveness of simple selection depending on the phenotypic expression of genotypes would be rewarding for genetic improvement of these characters. Significant positive correlation of fruit yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with plant height, percentage of medium and long styled flowers, fruit setting percentage, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit pedicel length, fruit pedicel thickness, fruit weight, marketable fruit yield and significant negative correlation with the number of primary branches, days to 50% flowering, days to first harvest, relative fruit calyx length, fruits per plant, total marketable fruits. Therefore, considering these characters would be beneficial in the selection for fruit yield per plant. Keywords: Brinjal, Genetic variability, Correlation analysis

Physio-chemical response of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes to soil salinity

Physio-chemical response of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes to soil salinity

Evaluation and Selection of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes for High Yield with Fruit and Shoot Borer Tolerance

Aim: Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is a vital crop of India which belongs to the family Solanaceae with a chromosome number of 2n=24.This study is aimed to evaluate brinjal genotypes and identify superior types with desirable qualities, high yield with fruit and shoot borer tolerance.
 Study Design: The experimental materials consisted of fifteen genotypes and two checks which were laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.
 Place and Duration of Research: The investigation was carried at Horticultural College orchard, Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2021-2022.
 Methodology: Fifteen local types of brinjal and two checks were collected from several districts of Tamil Nadu and various other sources. Seeds were sown in portrays and then transplanted to main field at the age of 30 days. Growth and yield parameters were observed and recorded.
 Results: Based on the per se performance of the genotypes, CBE SM-006 was adjudged as the best one since, it has recorded superior performance for the characters studied viz., number of branches, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant. Also, CBE–SM-006 found to have minimum fruit borer infestation and shoot borer infestation hence providing maximum marketable yield per plant. The genotype CBE-SM-105 also performed the best for most of the desirable characters. Thus, CBE-SM-006 could be a promising genotype for further breeding programme.
 Conclusion: Thus, the study will provide comprehensive knowledge on evolving and selecting superior genotypes which is indispensable to aim at rational improvement in crop plant.

Evaluation of physical and chemical mutagens on various genotypes of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) in M2 generation

Mutation breeding in crop plants such as brinjal (Solanummelongena L.) is a successful approach in change of producthaving narrow genetic base and to explore it a field experimentwas conducted toevaluate the effect of physical mutagensuch as gamma rays and chemical mutagens such as Ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) were used on two brinjalgenotypes namely Banarasi Gol and Kashi Taru. The seedswere treated with different concentrations of gammairradiation (5, 10, 15 and 20 kR) and EMS (0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and0.20%).The increasing concentration of mutagens wasrecorded with a negative response on all growth and yieldattributes of both the genotypes which ultimately reducethe yield. In this context the 5kR gamma rays and 0.05%EMS concentration were recorded with superior values ofall characters in M2 generation. Early flowering and earlyedible fruit maturity was observed under 5kR gamma raysover all other treatments. The fruit yield per plant increasedby 19.87% and 20.30% of Banarasi Gol and Kashi Taru,respectively under 5kR gamma rays over control. Lowestvalue of all characters was recorded under 0.20% EMS ascompared to all other treatments including control. Thus itcan be concluded on present study basis that the increasingconcentration of mutagens were showed an adverse effectfor all characters.

SSR based molecular characterization of brinjal (Solanum melongena) genotypes for quantitative traits

The study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of eight brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes including wild species and to develop a molecular profile using 14 SSR primers. The value of the similarity matrix ranged from 0.12–0.87. Dendrogram image is revealing the relationship among eight genotypes of brinjal. The super cluster is divided into two clusters A and B at Jaccard’s similarity coefficient of 0.31. Cluster A again divide into two sub cluster A1 and A2 at Jaccard’s similarity coefficient 0.45. A1 contain three genotypes A1i (SMB-115), A1 ii (BARI), A1 iii (Pant Rituraj) and A2 contain only one genotype (Pusa Upkar) at Jaccard’s similarity coefficient 0.88. Cluster B divided in two sub clusters B1 and B2 at Jaccard’s similarity coefficient of 0.70. B1 again divided into sub cluster B1i (Pant Samrat), B1ii (PB-6) and B2 also divide into two sub cluster B2 i (PB-101) and B2ii (S. gilo) at Jaccard’s similarity coefficient 0.88. Genotype 1 (SMB-115) and 6 (PB-101) were most diverse among all the eight genotypes indicating that the cross between genotype SMB-115 and genotype PB-101 has potential to give more heterotic hybrids due to their highly diverse nature. The results revealed that these microsatellite markers could be used as successful tool to differentiate the genetic makeup of the brinjal crop

Identification of diverse genotypes in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) based on RAPD markers analysis

Molecular characterization of germplasm is rapid and most reliable method for genetic diversity and interrelationshipanalysis in crop. Assessment of genetic diversity in 30 brinjal genotypes was carried out withten Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of thirty RAPD markers were screenedout of which ten primers produced clear bands were finally selected for diversity analysis. Ten primersproduced a total of 20 bands with an average 2.0 bands per primer thus generated 100% polymorphism.RAPD primers showed variable bands and were in range of 01- 4 bands. Maximum bands 04 generated byPrimer-4 and minimum band 01 produced by Primer-2, Primer-3 and Primer-6. Heterozygosity variedfrom 0.00-0.48 while PIC was in the ranged from 0.37 to 0.49. The highest Polymorphic Information content(PIC) value (0.49) was observed for Primer -2 while lowest PIC value (0.37) was exhibited by Primer -1.Effective multiplex ratio was maximum (2.00) for the Primer-7 and minimum effective multiplex ratio(0.73) showed by Primer-10. Maximum discriminating power of marker (0.97) showed by Primer-8 whilePrimer-7 did not show any discriminating power of marker. Resolving power of markers varied in therange of 0.00 to 1.87 with an average of 0.820. Maximum resolving power of markers (1.87) noted withPrimer-4 while Primer-2 did not exhibit any resolving power of marker. Jaccard’s similarity between pairsof cultivars ranged between 0.35 and 0.95. Highest Jaccard’s genetic similarity was found between thegenotype of Pusa Bindu and JBH-3, Arka Nidhi and JBH-3, KKM-1B and RCMBL-1, DRNKV-02-104 and JB-69 and KKM-1B to Shyamal while the lowest Jaccard’s genetic similarity was observed between genotype of VR-11 and JB-18 and genotype BCB-464 and PB-67. The dendrogram generated through RAPD revealed 2 major clusters at Jaccard’s similarity coefficient (GS=0.59) which showed narrowed base of diversity among the germplasm. Molecular data produced by RAPD markers clearly indicates that genotypes like BR-11 and JB-18 and PB- 67 was found more divergent and can be used for further improvement programme.

Phenotypic Stability for Fruit yield and its Components of Brinjal

The present study was carried out at Vegetable Research Station, ARI, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India during kharif (June–October, 2014), rabi (October–February, 2014–15) and Summer (February–May, 2015) to assess the performance of genotypes in terms of yield as well as quality across seasons under wide range of environments through phenotypic stability studies. Thirty brinjal genotypes were evaluated for yield and quality parameters under three environments comprising of three different seasons. The portioning of environments + (genotypes × environments) mean squares showed that environments (linear) differed significantly and were quite diverse with regards to their effect on the performance of the genotypes for fruit yield and quality traits. A perusal of stability parameters indicated two genotypes C3 and P6 showed stable performance for earliness, C3 for days to first fruit harvest and C3, C10, C16, C21, P1 for days to last fruit harvest hence these genotypes were adapted to all types of environments. Among the stable hybrids, five hybrids C3, C11, C13, C16 and C21 were significantly more yield plant-1 and more number of marketable fruits plant -1 over the best check Chhaya. Whereas, for ascorbic acid content 5 hybrids i.e C2, C4, C11, C14 and C18 to be stable over the check Utkarsha. C3 was showed stable performance over best check Chhaya for the trait fruit and shoot borer infestation on shoots and four hybrids C3, C11, C13 and C21 were found to be stable for the trait fruit and shoot borer infetstation on fruits over the best check Chhaya.