Brilliant Green Dye Research Articles

Enhancing brilliant green dye removal via bio composite chitosan and food-grade algae capsulated ruthenium metal-organic framework: Optimization of adsorption parameters by box-behnken design

A natural material made of chitosan (CS) and algae (food-grade algae, FGA) was cross-linked and loaded onto a ruthenium metal organic framework to create a bio-adsorbent (Ru-MOF@CS/FGA composite sponge) with the aim of adsorbing and eliminating Brilliant green (BG) from aqueous solutions. A range of methods were employed to analyze the Ru-MOF@CS/FGA composite sponge, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to ascertain the function groups, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to establish the surface morphology, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to study of single and multi-phase polycrystalline materials. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (BET) confirmed the adsorbent's high surface area and pore volume (826.85 m2/g and 1.28 cm3/g, respectively) and decreased to 475.62 m2/g and 0.74 cm3/g after adsorption. Determine the several factors that affect the adsorption process, such as pH, the adsorbent's dose, the initial BG concentration, and the effect of salinity. The adsorption process was fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherms. Dubinin-Radushkevich analysis revealed that the adsorption energy was 23.8 kJ/mol, indicating chemisorption as the mode of adsorption. It was discovered through examining the impact of temperature and computing positive-charged enthalpy and entropy that the adsorption process was endothermic, meaning that it increased in response to temperature. It is possible to reuse the Ru-MOF@CS/FGA composite sponge six times with acceptable efficiency, no change in its chemical composition, and comparable FT-IR, XPS, and XRD data before and after each reuse. Examine the mechanisms of adsorbent-adsorbate interaction, which may involve H-bonding, n-π stacking, electrostatic forces, and pore filling. The adsorption results were optimized with the Box Behnken-design (BBD).

Chitosan/functionalized fruit stones as a highly efficient adsorbent biomaterial for adsorption of brilliant green dye: Comprehensive characterization and statistical optimization

In this research, a highly efficient adsorbent biomaterial (hereinafter, CTS/PPS-HS) of chitosan/functionalized fruit stones (peach and plum) with H2SO4 was produced for the adsorption of brilliant green (BG) dye from aquatic systems. The developed biomaterial was characterized by several techniques like SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, BET, and pHpzc. To systematically optimize the adsorption performance of CTS/PPS-HS, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was attained. The factors considered for optimization included A: CTS/PPS-HS dosage (0.02–0.08 g), B: pH (4–10), and C: removal time (10–60 min). The pseudo-first-order and Langmuir isotherm models exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental results of BG adsorption by CTS/PPS-HS. The outstanding adsorption capacity (409.63 mg/g) of CTS/PPS-HS was obtained. The remarkable adsorption of BG onto CTS/PPS-HS can be primarily attributed to electrostatic forces between the acidic sites of CTS/PPS-HS and the BG cations, accompanied by interactions such as π-π, Yoshida H-bonding, n-π, and H-bond interactions. The current data underscores the significant potential inherent in combining biomass with CTS polymer to create an exceptionally effective adsorbent biomaterial tailored for the elimination of cationic dyes.

Discoloration and biosorption of Brilliant green dye in seawater using living biomass of the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Pollution by dyes is a serious environmental problem. Marine waters receive pollutants from many sources, however, there are few studies that deal with the elimination of pollutants from these environments. The search for effective, cheap, and ecological procedures to remove dyes from seawater is a current challenge. Biosorption meets these requirements, but it is necessary to find the best biosorbent for the operating conditions. Since microalgal biomass is considered a good biosorbent, the efficiency of living biomass from the marine microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum to remove the Brilliant green dye from seawater was evaluated in this work. This dye showed spontaneous discoloration in seawater, showing a decrease in the amount of dye measured spectrophotometrically but not when measured by HPLC. Consequently, the difference between discoloration and true removal should be considered. It is shown that the determination of the biomass efficiency as biosorbent through spectrophotometric measurements could be wrong in some cases. Batch experiments were performed varying operational parameters, such as initial concentration of dye, contact time, and pH of the solution. At the lowest concentration of the dye (5 mg L-1), the algal biomass (0.4 g L-1) achieved total decolorization and removal (through biosorption) within 7 h, while at the highest concentration (200 mg L-1), discoloration was 96.3%, but removal was 32.6%. The spontaneous discoloration followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics. Pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm best described the removal process, predicting a maximum biosorption capacity of 161.52±5.95 mg g-1. This natural biomass had a higher efficiency than other more complex biosorbents.

High adsorptive performance of chitosan-microalgae-carbon-doped TiO2 (kronos)/ salicylaldehyde for brilliant green dye adsorption: Optimization and mechanistic approach

A composite of chitosan biopolymer with microalgae and commercial carbon-doped titanium dioxide (kronos) was modified by grafting an aromatic aldehyde (salicylaldehyde) in a hydrothermal process for the removal of brilliant green (BG) dye. The resulting Schiff's base Chitosan-Microalgae-TiO2 kronos/Salicylaldehyde (CsMaTk/S) material was characterised using various analytical methods (conclusive of physical properties using BET surface analysis method, elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, XPS and point of zero charge). Box Behnken Design was utilised for the optimisation of the three input variables, i.e., adsorbent dose, pH of the media and contact time. The optimum conditions appointed by the optimisation process were further affirmed by the desirability test and employed in the equilibrium studies in batch mode and the results exhibited a better fit towards the pseudo-second-order kinetic model as well as Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 957.0 mg/g. Furthermore, the reusability study displayed the adsorptive performance of CsMaTk/S remains effective throughout five adsorption cycles. The possible interactions between the dye molecules and the surface of the adsorbent were derived based on the analyses performed and the electrostatic attractions, H-bonding, Yoshida-H bonding, π-π and n-π interactions are concluded to be the responsible forces in this adsorption process.

Highly efficient visible-light induced N-doped ZnO@g-C3N4 and S-doped ZnO@g-C3N4 photocatalysts for environmental remediation.

Facile, cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis of N-doped ZnO@g-C3N4 and S-doped ZnO@g-C3N4 photocatalysts towards efficient degradation of environmental pollutants was achieved. The as-synthesized 2 wt% N-doped ZnO@g-C3N4 and 2 wt% S-doped ZnO@g-C3N4 achieved 96.2% and 90.4% degradation efficiencies towards crystal violet (100 ppm) within 45 min irradiation and 99.3% and 92.3% photocatalytic degradation efficiencies towards brilliant green (100 ppm) dye within 30 min irradiation, respectively, under a normal 90 W LED light instead of an expensive commercial light source. Moreover, the N-doped ZnO@g-C3N4 and S-doped ZnO@g-C3N4 nanocomposites showed excellent stability in the photodegradation of crystal violet and brilliant green dyes. The modification made on ZnO by doping with nitrogen and sulphur enhances the visible-light absorption as well as the separation of photoexcited charge carriers. The active radicals ˙OH and ˙O2- are both identified to play important roles in the photodegradation of crystal violet and brilliant green.

Hydrothermal synthesis of eco-friendly ZnO/CNT nanocomposite and efficient removal of Brilliant Green cationic dye

In this study, seeking to get a more efficient adsorbent, comparable to the commercially available adsorbent, is attracting significant interest as a good adsorbent for wastewater treatment. An approach according to the use of ZnO NPs loaded on the surface of carbon nanotube (ZnO/CNT) nanocomposite to adsorb Brilliant green (BG) dye. ZnO/CNT nanocomposite was chemically synthesized by hydrothermal method and the physicochemical properties were analyzed extensively by using several techniques such as as Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Thermogravimetric analysis TGA. The effect of different parameters on adsorption processes such as equilibrium time, pH of solution, adsorbent dosage as well as initial concentration of dye has been examined. Results show contact time was (2.00 h), based on the outputs, high capacity of adsorption even at higher initial concentration of dye. With regard to the kinetic analysis, a pseudo second order kinetic model could successfully describe the process of adsorption (R2 0.9910). Then, we used Langmuir, Freundlich isotherm models to obtain the best fit, indicating the role of a multilayer formation for adsorption of BG on the ZnO/CNT nanocomposite from an aqueous solution. Also, the best multilayer adsorption capacity of BG reached to 94.29 mg g−1. The change in free energy of Gibbs (ΔG), entropy (ΔS), and enthalpy (ΔH) were calculated from experimental adsorption results. The obtained negative value of (ΔG) and positive value of (ΔH) show spontaneous nature and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The regenerated adsorbents in the acidic media (pH 4.0) and basic media (pH10.0) for their performance to removal of BG. The best regenerating has been distilled water. Therefore, it suggests that (ZnO/CNT nanocomposite) is an effective adsorbent and friendly environmentally and inexpensive substance for effective elimination of the dye from wastewater effluent.

SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF BENTONITE - ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITE

The development of adsorption purification technology in industry is divorced from research in the development of new methods for the synthesis and modification of composites, while the efficiency of the adsorbent directly depends on its structural and surface properties. Currently, there is an increasing demand for hydrogel adsorbents used in pharmaceuticals, medicine, and the chemical industry for wastewater treatment. Dash-Salakhlinsky bentonite, a natural clay mineral and activated carbon of the BAU-A brand, was used as an object of study. By intercalation of bentonite with activated carbon, a bentonite-coal composite was obtained. Grinding equipment of medium energy density was used: roller-ring vibrating mill VM-4. Activation time was 15 min. The average particle size of the initial bentonite and bentonite-carbon composite was determined by laser diffraction on a particle size analyzer. During mechanical activation of bentonite, the nature of the distribution of particles indicates the predominant process of aggregation over grinding. The morphology, structure, and textural properties of the composite were studied by the methods of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption and IR spectroscopy. An increase in the specific surface area and porosity after mechanochemical activation as compared to the calculated values indicates the interaction between the components. IR spectroscopy established the formation of additional functional groups that can act as active centers, which positively affects the adsorption properties. It is shown that the bentonite-charcoal composite has a high sorption activity with respect to the brilliant green dye. The data obtained can be useful in the development of effective sorbents for wastewater treatment from pollution by organic compounds, as well as in medicine and pharmaceuticals.

Green synthesis of nitrogen and sulphur-doped carbon quantum dots for dual sensing of brilliant green dye and Cu2+ ions in environmental samples

Nitrogen and sulfur-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CQDs) were successfully synthesized utilizing Aegle Marmelos as an environmentally friendly precursor via an innovative method.

Visible-light-active type-II heterojunction CdS@Cu0.5Mg2.5SnS4 composites for the efficient removal of brilliant green dye

The effect of different percentages of CdS on the structural, optical, and morphological properties of Cu0.5Mg2.5SnS4 (CMTS) synthesized using a microwave method for photocatalytic degradation of brilliant green dye.

Porous metakaolin geopolymer as a reactive binder for hydroxyapatite adsorbent granules in dye removal

In this study, porous hydroxyapatite-metakaolin geopolymer (HAP-MK-GP) granules were prepared with a novel method for adsorption of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions, using brilliant green dye as a model compound. The preparation involved combining finely powdered hydroxyapatite, metakaolin, and solid sodium metasilicate in a high-shear granulator. Then, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added at different concentrations (0.0, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0%) as a combined granulation fluid and blowing agent. In the resulting granules, metakaolin geopolymer bound the powdered hydroxyapatite as granules and contributed to the adsorption capacity. To determine their structural, morphological, and mechanical properties, the granules were characterized with infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and porosity analysis, and compressive strength tests. The granules had a high porosity and promising compressive strength and Young's modulus of 0.8 and 10 MPa, respectively, potentially enabling their use in large-scale adsorption columns. The monolayer adsorption mechanism of brilliant green dye onto HAP-MK-GP granules was confirmed by fitting the obtained batch adsorption data to the Langmuir isotherm model which showed that the adsorption capacity was approximately 41 mg/g. The optimum conditions were: pH of 7, initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 3 g/L, agitation speed of 250 rpm, contact time of 30 min, and temperature of 298 K. The adsorption kinetic data indicated that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters, including Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, and activation energy, indicated that adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and was based on physisorption. The rate-limiting step was film diffusion. Based on the results, HAP-MK-GP granules could be a feasible adsorbent for the removal of dyes from industrial wastewater. Moreover, the facile granulation method presented here could be applied to other powdered adsorbents as well to prepare adsorbent granules.

Innovative Device Based Brilliant Green Dye Material for Optoelectronic and Nonlinear Optic Applications

Innovative Device Based Brilliant Green Dye Material for Optoelectronic and Nonlinear Optic Applications

Fabrication of network nanocomposite of polyaniline coating chitosan-graphene oxide-functionalized carbon nanotube and its efficacy in removing dyes from aqueous solution

In this investigation, we employed chemical oxidative copolymerization techniques to produce cross-linked polyaniline/chitosan-graphene oxide-oxidized single-wall carbon nanotubes (Cross PANI/Chito-GO-OXS NCs) as a network to increase the surface area, as well as the active centers to enhance the efficiency of the adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes. This novel material was utilized as an adsorbent for decontaminating water by eliminating acid red dye (AR1) and brilliant green dye (BG). Several analytical techniques were employed to assess the composition and structure of the synthesized adsorbent, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman spectroscopy. To assess the efficacy of Cross PANI/Chito-GO-OXS NCs in dye removal, batch experiments were carried out under diverse conditions, such as varying pH, adsorbent quantity, agitation duration, ionic strength, and temperature. The results indicated that the optimum conditions for AR1 removal were achieved at pH 2, using 5 mg of Cross PANI/Chito-GO-OXS NCs at a concentration of 20 mg/L for 120 min. Conversely, for BG removal, the most favorable outcomes were observed at pH 6, with the use of 5 mg of Cross PANI/Chito-GO-OXS NCs at a concentration of 5 mg/L for 120 min. Under these operating conditions, the maximum removal efficiency for actual wastewater was determined to be 96.73% for AR1 dye and 95.55% for BG dye. Additionally, we analyzed the adsorption isotherm data utilizing various models. The adsorption kinetics were elucidated through a pseudo-second-order model, supported by regression data, which yielded R2 values of 0.9839 for AR1 and 0.9928 for BG, respectively, describing the adsorption of both dyes onto Cross PANI/Chito-GO-OXS NCs. Furthermore, the thermodynamic analysis revealed that the removal of AR1 dye is an endothermic process, while BG dye removal is exothermic, and both removal of AR1 and BG dyes are spontaneous and chemisorption processes.

Removal of Brilliant Green Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs): Linear and Nonlinear Isotherm Models and Error Analysis

Current research explains the comparison of linear and nonlinear regression methods for finding the optimal isotherm study using experimental data for the adsorption of BG on multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNTs. BG dye maximum adsorption onto MWCNTs occurred at pH 2 and 35°C, with the apparent equilibrium reached after 15 min. In this study, five error functions were used: ERRS, Hybrid, Chi-square (χ2), ARE, and EABS. The values of error functions suggest that the Langmuir Linear type 3 is a suitable isotherm to describe the adsorption of BG on MWCNTs. The results showed that the Langmuir isotherm is a fit good isotherm to describe the adsorption process. The coefficient of non-determination (K2) showed Hybrid, and ERRS were the preferable error functions used to predict the fit of linear and nonlinear isotherm models. Compared with other studies, MWCNTs can be used as a low-cost adsorbent with low contact time for the removal of BG dye from an aqueous solution.

Removal of Brilliant Green Cationic Dye Using Bioadsorbent Material from Oyster Shells

This study explored the potential of coral rock, specifically coquina derived from oyster shells, as a bioadsorbent for the removal of dyes from wastewater generated by the textile industry. The investigation included an examination of particle size fractions (300 µm and less than 300 µm) and thermal treatment; the investigation involved drying at 120 °C and calcination at temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 800 °C. The material was subjected to a comprehensive analysis through various characterization techniques. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the removal capacity and adsorption kinetics of the bioadsorbent utilizing brilliant green dye. The experiments involved varying dye concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg L−1), pH levels (2 to 12), and different doses of biosorbent material (0.2 to 0.6 g L−1), with constant agitation. Various kinetic models were applied to fit the experimental data, with the pseudo-second-order model demonstrating the best fit. The findings reveal that coquina rock, characterized by a temperature of 120 °C and a particle size of greater than 300 µm, exhibits remarkable effectiveness. It achieved a removal efficiency of 90% within 15 to 20 min at pH 7.8. This study concludes that coquina rock not only stands out as demonstrating remarkable efficacy in dye removal but also underscores a sustainable approach, leveraging readily available and environmentally friendly materials for wastewater treatment.

Phytonanofabrication of iron oxide particles from the Acacia jacquemontii plant and their potential application for the removal of brilliant green and Congo red dye from wastewater

Phytonanofabrication of iron oxide particles from the Acacia jacquemontii plant and their potential application for the removal of brilliant green and Congo red dye from wastewater

Design new strategies and photocatalytic performances of (NH4)Cd6(P2O7)2 P3O10 nanostructures

New (NH4)Cd6(P2O7)2 P3O10 nano-multi shapes were prepared by hydrothermal method and which can be examined by various using instruments like X-ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy measurements. These (NH4)Cd6(P2O7)2 P3O10 nanocatalysts were obtained to the monoclinic structure. The (NH4)Cd6(P2O7)2 P3O10 nanocatalyst morphologies were analyzed in SEM instrument and spheres like structures, triangle, cubic and crystal shapes also obtained. Peaks 484, 557 and 1087 cm−1 were corresponds to the M–O and P–O groups, which results were confirmed by FT-IR studies. This (NH4)Cd6(P2O7)2 P3O10 materials synergism can be described in photocatalytic applications. At this juncture, these nanoparticles can be created to the new invention and effectible performed to the Brilliant Green dye efficiency with halogen lamp.

Influence of nickel doping and cotton stalk activated carbon loading on structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles

In the current study, the photodegradation of brilliant green (BG) dye has been studied in relation to the comparative photocatalytic activity of pure ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO/CSAC (cotton stalk activated carbon), which was produced using a chemical precipitation method. The structural, optical, morphological, and functional characteristics of Ni-doped ZnO/CSAC have been investigated. The XRD patterns demonstrated the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the Ni-doped ZnO/CSAC sample. The XPS scan supported a Ni2+ oxidation state for the Ni ions incorporated into the ZnO lattice. The optical features of the Ni-doped and loaded sample demonstrated a red shift in the light absorption and reduced the recombination rate of charge carriers. The FE-SEM was used to examine the morphology of the synthesized all the samples, and EDAX spectroscopy was used to determine their composition. In comparison to pure ZnO, Ni doped, and Ni (0.075 M) doped ZnO/CSAC exhibited a greater photocatalytic degradation of 91.47 % after 120 min under visible light irradiation. This result suggests that Ni-doped ZnO/CSAC may be an effective wastewater treatment material.

A new ternary nanocomposites-based cellulose derivatives-CuFe2O4-zeolite with ultra-high adsorption capacity for Brilliant Green dye treatment and removal from the aquatic environment

In contemporary times, there has been a notable emphasis on the advancement of adsorbents with high efficiency for the purpose of extracting organic dyes from wastewater. Therefore, a suggested method involves improving the surfaces of adsorbents by changing polymers in order to make them better at absorbing substances. The goal of this study was to create a very effective nanocomposite (NCs) by combining CuFe2O4 nanoparticles (CuF NPs) and zeolite (ZSM-5) with different types of cellulose, such as cellulose (CE), cellulose acetate (CEA), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), in order to remove Brilliant Green (B.G.), a cationic dye, from water solutions. We investigated the influence of several factors on the efficacy of dye removal by NCs. These factors included the kind of cellulose derivative used, adsorbent dose, solution temperature, pH, and contact duration. The results of the prepared ternary ZSM-5/CuF/CE, ZSM-5/CuF/CEA, and ZSM-5/CuF/CMC NCs show that among the fabricated NCs, the ZSM-5/CuF/CE NCs have the highest adsorption capacity (9.66 mg/g). This result highlights the promising capability of these NCs in effectively removing B.G. dye. The results obtained from the studies on dye removal provided evidence that the adsorption process occurred spontaneously and exothermic, as supported by both thermodynamic and kinetic criteria. The values of the R2 correlation coefficient for ternary ZSM-5/CuF/CE and ZSM-5/CuF/CEA NCs for B.G. dye were 0.993 and 0.995, respectively.

Facile Synthesis of Citric Acid Functionalized Fe3O4@Activated Carbon Magnetic Nanocomposite for Efficient Adsorption of Brilliant Green Dye from Wastewater

AbstractOwing to the impact of brilliant green dye on potable water contamination, citric acid functionalized magnetic nanocomposite in presence of activated carbon was prepared for easy, quick, and efficient removal of the dye from water. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to maximize the adsorption efficiency by optimizing contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, dosage, and salt concentration. The maximum efficiency of the citric acid functionalized Fe3O4@activated carbon was found to be 773 mg g−1. The efficiency of the monolayer adsorption process as depicted from the Langmuir model is explained based on the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and porosity of the adsorbent. The adsorption process follows a pseudo‐second order kinetics model which can also be correlated to the relatively quick adsorption process. The saturation magnetization of the nanocomposites prepared in presence of activated carbon was found to be 35.2 emu/g, which makes it effective for quick magnetic separation. Built on the findings, we report an economical, efficient, and satisfactory alternative adsorbent for the abatement of brilliant green dye from coloured wastewater and contaminated water sources.

Partitioning behavior of dyes in ionic liquids induced aqueous biphasic systems of PPG 725 & ammonium salts

ABSTRACT Polypropylene glycol (PPG) is one of the most utilized polymers in aqueous biphasic systems. The low polarity of the polymer-rich phase restricts the application of the ABSs. The applicability of polymer rich ABSs can be induced by adding little amount of ionic liquids as adjuvants. Therefore, an analysis involving the introduction of a small amount of imidazolium-based ILs to PPG 725 + ammonium salts ABSs was performed. The phase diagrams as well as the partitioning behavior of dyes: Orange II (OII), Eriochrome Black T (EBT) and Brilliant Green (BG) were investigated. The addition of 5% 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [BMIM][AC] modulates the partition behaviors of all the investigated dyes. The employed ILs and dyes partitioned preferentially into the polymer-rich phase. The partition coefficients (Kdye) for all the dyes follow the sequence: BG > EBT > OII in all investigated ABSs. The results obtained are in accordance with the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow) of the respective dyes. The recovery of BG dye from polymer phase has been studied successfully by adsorption onto chitosan.