Breeding Stage Research Articles

Plastic ingestion risk is related to the anthropogenic activity and breeding stage in an Antarctic top predator seabird species

During the last decades plastic pollution has become a common issue in marine environments. Studies on seabirds have focused on species that ingest plastics mistaken for prey or indirectly through their preferred prey or, on how foraging strategy influences this behaviour. We evaluated plastic ingestion in relation to the proximity of nests to areas with different anthropogenic pressure, breeding status and breeding stage. We analyzed regurgitated pellets (n = 1001) from a seabird, the Brown Skua (Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi) at Esperanza/Hope Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. Plastics were found in 9% of pellets, only in breeders from an area with high antropogenic activity. The prevalence of plastic increased during the brooding of chicks stage, when skuas expand their feeding niche. Our results support previous work which demonstrated that seabirds with wider feeding niche show higher loads of plastics. Altogether, this provides insights into the dynamics of plastic transfer within the environment.

ИЗОГЕНЕЗ ЕКСПЛАНТІВ SILENE HYPANICA KLOKOV ТА ЇХ АДАПТАЦІЯ ДО УМОВ EX VITRO

Among the conservation measures related to the preservation of plant diversity, an important place belongs to the creation and preservation of rare and endangered species in the crop conditions. Thus, the species Silene hypanica Klokov is under threat of extinction. This relict and endemic species is listed in the Red book of Ukraine, the European Red list, and 6th Resolution of the Berne Convention. Prospects for the conservation of this species are related to the study of its viability and require the development of effective methods of reproduction, in particular in vitro crop. The article presents the results of studies of one of the breeding stages in vitro – rhizogenesis of S. hypanica esplants and its dependence on the concentrations of β-indolyl butyric acid in nutrient media (0,1; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 mg / l), followed by adaptation of regenerating plants to ex vitro conditions. The study showed that the active process of rhizogenesis occurred due to the addition of β-IMC to the nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l and contributed to the production of 86.4 % of rooted regenerating plants. 
 Transplanting rooted plants into peat disks and then growing them in containers contributed to the successful adaptation of rooted plants.

Controlled Glycolysis as the Basis of Beer Technology with Specified Consumer Properties

The paper presents the aspects of beer production with a specified ethanol content and different taste and aromatic properties. The necessity of changing the classical brewing technology at the main fermentation stage is stated. The technical and technological decisions on division of the main fermentation into the stages of breeding of beer yeast and glycolysis are presented. A new generation intelligent neural network (INN) is offered, which ensures the performance of the set quality standards for the finished product. Corrective measures are proposed. It is grounded that the choice of beer yeast family should be determined by the optimal combination of cultures with amylotic and proteolytic properties. The requirements for yeast growth conditions are formulated. It is justified that obtaining the specified ethanol content during glycolysis should be ensured by anaerobic content of the culture medium and dosed addition of digestible sugars. It is shown that the necessary flavour bouquet at the given beer strength can be provided by adding the additives - carriers of hop bitterness and malt flavour, introduced in certain ratios. To meet the consumer preferences, groups of beers with different flavour and aromatic properties are offered.

Yield potential of super sweet corn genotypes in progressive breeding stages

This study aimed to present the advancements in different breeding stages of super sweet corn (SS), from heterotic field corn populations to the single-cross of SS. Two parental field corn populations, four backcrossed SS populations, four SS intervarietal hybrids (SS-IH), eighteen SS single hybrids (SS-SCH) and two controls were evaluated in two environments over two crop years. The SS-IH and SS-SCH categories presented the highest ear yield, and SS-SCH presented the highest ear yield without husk (11.3 t ha-1). Although SS-SCH was the most productive category, it presented the lowest husk coverage quality. The ear yield and husk cover traits expressed the highest heterosis based on the midparents. The hybrid genotype categories (SS-SCH, SS-IH and controls) had the greatest ear length and diameter, as well as plant and ear height. It was possible to conclude that the techniques used to exploit heterosis are efficient in increasing SS yield but not husk coverage, since this trait requires productive parents. Single-crosses, such as LCSH-116 x LP8HS-129 and LCSH-116 x LP8HS-130, stood out as promising genotypes for registration since they recorded high husk coverage yield and quality.

Specific responses of cuckoo hosts to different alarm signals according to breeding stage: a test of the offspring value hypothesis.

The selective pressure exerted by avian brood parasites forces their hosts to evolve specific defense strategies. When subject to brood parasite attack, avian hosts will often emit alarm calls. To date, few studies have examined whether and how host responses to different alarm calls indicative of different enemies vary with the host’s breeding stage. We carried out alarm call playback experiments during both the egg and nestling stages of the oriental reed warbler Acrocephalus orientalis, a host of the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus. The playback exemplars were selected from recorded alarm calls of the warbler to the presence of common cuckoos, sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus, and oriental turtle doves Streptopelia orientalis, which represented brood parasite, predator, and harmless control, respectively. The results showed that the oriental reed warblers did not discriminate alarm calls issued to different intruder types, but the intensity of the response was significantly higher in the nestling stage than in the egg stage. Attack behavior related to sparrowhawk alarm calls was absent in the egg stage, but aggressive behavior increased dramatically and exceeded the attack frequency in response to the cuckoo alarm call in the nestling stage, implying a shift in the tradeoff between the parents’ own survival and the loss of offspring. Alarm calls attracted a larger number of conspecifics than members of other species. In general, the oriental reed warbler had consistently stronger responses to different alarm calls in the nestling stage than in the egg stage, supporting the offspring value hypothesis.

ECOLOGICAL-GEOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BARLEY AND OAT FROM THE VIR COLLECTION

Under conditions of climate change, the assessment of the stability of genotypes is of particular importance. To conduct directed selection of genotypes with a narrow or broad reaction rate, it is necessary to assess their stability already in the early stages of breeding. The aim of the study was to study the stability of breeding significant traits of oat and barley samples in contrasting ecological and geographical conditions. 25 oat samples and 25 barley samples were studied over 3 years under contrasting conditions in St. Petersburg and the Tambov Region. Varieties are characterized by average values of economically valuable traits and genotype regression coefficients on the influence of the bi environment according to Eberhart and Russell. The most sensitive to a change in the ecological and geographical situation were the durations of the germinationheading, germinationharvest periods and grain yield. These characters varied to a greater extent depending on the cultivation conditions than on the genotype. According to regression coefficients for environmental conditions, significant differences in genotypes were only in yield. Contrasting groups of varieties were distinguished by regression coefficients on environmental conditions, genotypes with high productivity. The durations of germinationheading, germinationharvest, the plant height reacted to the change in the environment the same in different varieties. The duration of the growing season was determined by the sum of effective temperatures above 15 С. The reduction of the growing season in both crops was 3 days with an increase in the sum of effective temperatures above 15 С by 100 С.

Applying economic and ecological criteria to design cost-effective monitoring for elusive species

Monitoring programs of long-lived and elusive species often incur high costs in terms of field effort and economical budget, but both components are often considered separately. Also, there is scant information on the use of reliable detectability estimates under imperfect detection conditions based on environmental factors, which is key to accurately estimate financial costs and define optimum monitoring strategies. In this study, we use an intensive survey program (2017–2018) of the Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus population in Bizkaia (northern Spain) to model detectability at nests taking into account imperfect detection. Our main goal is to estimate both the number and timing of surveys, and the allocation of survey effort/costs, in order to design cost-effective monitoring programs. Firstly, throughout the breeding seasons, we used focal sampling methods on 19 nesting territories historically occupied by the study species. Then, we employed single-season occupancy models to assess detectability considering different levels of effort (from 1 to 5 h) at each nest, including both species breeding phenology and environmental covariates that could modify detection probabilities. Our results showed that the species was more likely to be detected in dry years and when the nest was visible during the nestling period, investing five hours of the survey. The optimal number of monitoring days required to account for 95% of false negatives for a single nest was eight days, investing one hour per breeding stage. The optimal monitoring cost was reached in dry years when the nest was visible, investing one hour per breeding stage (ca. 242 €/nest). The cost of monitoring was highest in rainy years when the nest was not visible (ca. 1954 €/nest). The cost of monitoring entire occupied nesting territories without accounting for covariates was of 23,294 € (n = 19). In order to offer reliable species assessments, design rigorous surveys and accurately estimate monitoring costs, studies should account for imperfect detection, particularly for long-lived vertebrates. Here, we show that monitoring programs ought to (a) consider the effort necessary to detect the species while accounting for species-specific breeding ecology and, (b) adjust field effort based on lower costs and environmental conditions. Our results provide simple and practical guidelines for the efficient allocation of human and economic resources, which could be of interest to those practitioners involved in the regular monitoring of elusive species.

Effects of incubation and chick rearing on intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, and mRNA expression of nutrient transporter genes in the pigeon (Columba livia) under artificial farming conditions

The present study investigated the changes in morphology, enzyme activities in the pancreas and mucosa, and nutrient transporter gene expression in the duodenum and jejunum in male and female pigeons during the incubation and chick-rearing periods. Forty-two pairs of White King pigeons with 2 fertile eggs per pair were randomly divided into 7 groups by different breeding stages. The crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum reached the peak at day 1 (R1) and day 7 (R7) of chick rearing, respectively. The jejunum surface area increased to a maximum value at R1. Amylase activity in the pancreas decreased to the lowest value at R1, whereas trypsin and lipase activities peaked at 17 D of incubation (I17) and R7, respectively. In male pigeons, mucosal Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the duodenum and jejunum was the highest at R15 and it was at I17 in female pigeons. Jejunum sucrose activity in female pigeons was higher at I4 than that at I17 (P < 0.05). The gene expression of FAT/CD36 and I-FABP in the duodenum gradually increased and then declined in the late chick-rearing period. SGLT1 in the jejunum decreased to a lower level at I17 and R25 in male pigeons (P < 0.05). GLUT2 expression in female duodenum and male jejunum decreased to a lower value at I17 compared with that at R15 (P < 0.05). In the late of incubation (from I10 to I17), expression of duodenum CAT1, B0AT1, and PepT1 and jejunum CAT1, ASCT1, and PepT1 in female pigeons was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), whereas opposite results were found in male jejunum CAT1 and duodenum ASCT1. In conclusion, variations of intestinal morphology, activities of pancreatic and mucosal enzymes, and gene expression of nutrient transporters during incubation and chick-rearing periods, underlying potential changes of digestive and absorptive function and intestinal adaptation with sexual effects, may represent a complicated response to stimuli of different breeding stages.

Genomic prediction and quantitative trait locus discovery in a cassava training population constructed from multiple breeding stages

AbstractAssembly of a training population (TP) is an important component of effective genomic selection‐based breeding programs. In this study, we examined the power of diverse germplasm assembled from two cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) breeding programs in Tanzania at different breeding stages to predict traits and discover quantitative trait loci (QTL). This is the first genomic selection and genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on Tanzanian cassava data. We detected QTL associated with cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistance on chromosomes 12 and 16; QTL conferring resistance to cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) on chromosomes 9 and 11; and QTL on chromosomes 2, 3, 8, and 10 associated with resistance to CBSD for root necrosis. We detected a QTL on chromosome 4 and two QTL on chromosome 12 conferring dual resistance to CMD and CBSD. The use of clones in the same stage to construct TPs provided higher trait prediction accuracy than TPs with a mixture of clones from multiple breeding stages. Moreover, clones in the early breeding stage provided more reliable trait prediction accuracy and are better candidates for constructing a TP. Although larger TP sizes have been associated with improved accuracy, in this study, adding clones from Kibaha to those from Ukiriguru and vice versa did not improve the prediction accuracy of either population. Including the Ugandan TP in either population did not improve trait prediction accuracy. This study applied genomic prediction to understand the implications of constructing TP from clones at different breeding stages pooled from different locations on trait accuracy.

Population decline in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) linked to climate change and inclement weather on the breeding ground.

Population decline and the threat of extinction are realities currently facing many species. Yet, in most cases, the detailed demographic data necessary to identify causes of population decline are unavailable. Using 43years (1975-2017) of data from a box-nesting population of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), we identified reduced survival of offspring as a probable demographic cause of population decline. Poor fledging success was associated with increased predation and poor weather conditions during early nestling development. Low juvenile survival and subsequent recruitment was linked to poor weather conditions during the post-fledging period and may also be linked to conditions on the wintering grounds. Regional weather conditions during critical stages of breeding (early nestling and post-fledging) have become progressively worse over the 43-year study period. None of the other factors linked to offspring survival have similarly deteriorated. Overall, our results suggest tree swallows should be added to the growing list of species challenged by climate change, and that other species of aerial insect specialists may face similar impacts of climate change.

Testosterone secretion varies in a sex- and stage-specific manner: Insights on the regulation of competitive traits from a sex-role reversed species

Testosterone (T) mediates a variety of traits that function in competition for mates, including territorial aggression, ornaments, armaments, and gametogenesis. The link between T and mating competition has been studied mainly in males, but females also face selection pressures to compete for mates. Sex-role reversed species, in which females are the more competitive sex, provide a unique perspective on the role of T in promoting competitive traits. Here, we examine patterns of T secretion in sex-role reversed northern jacanas (Jacana spinosa) during breeding, when females are fertile and males are either seeking copulations or conducting parental care. We measured baseline levels of T in circulation along with a suite of behavioral and morphological traits putatively involved in mating competition. We evaluated hypotheses that levels of T track gonadal sex and parental role, and we begin to investigate whether T and competitive traits co-vary in a sex- and stage- specific manner. Although females had higher expression of competitive traits than males at either breeding stage, we found that females and incubating males had similar levels of T secretion, which were lower than those observed in copulating males. T was correlated with wing spur length in females and testes mass in copulating males, but was otherwise uncorrelated with other competitive traits. These findings suggest that levels of T in circulation alone do not predict variation in competitive traits across levels of analysis, including gonadal sex and parental role. Instead, our findings coupled with prior research indicate that selection for female mating competition and male care may generate different physiological regulation of competitive traits.

Inter- and intra-individual variation in the diet of Australasian gannets Morus serrator

Animal diets often vary according to age, sex, experience and/or individual preferences, which, when maintained over time, can lead to behavioural consistency and individual specialisations within populations. In addition, behavioural and dietary similarity within breeding pairs confers reproductive benefits in some species. We investigated inter- and intra-individual variation in diet in Australasian gannetsMorus serratorthrough analysis of voluntary regurgitations, blood plasma stable isotopes and reconstructed diets. Samples were collected from nesting adults (mostly partners) over 4 breeding seasons (2012-2015) at 2 colonies (Point Danger, PD; and Pope’s Eye, PE), 215 km apart and with divergent oceanographic conditions. Inter-individual variation in δ13C and δ15N values and reconstructed diets was associated with colony, year, breeding stage and sex. The diet of PD individuals was dominated by pelagic schooling prey species, whereas PE birds consumed a substantial amount of benthic/inshore species. Correspondingly, the proportional similarity in diet of individuals was greater at PD, where individuals foraged within a relatively uniform environment, than at PE, where birds had access to a greater diversity of foraging habitats. Intra-individual variation in isotopic values indicated that trophic consistency was higher over medium timescales (between breeding stages within breeding seasons) than longer timescales (between breeding seasons), in accordance with recently documented temporal patterns of behavioural consistency. Lastly, nest partners consumed prey of similar trophic level (δ15N values), although a high degree of similarity did not confer a reproductive advantage to nest partners, and the mechanisms for such similarity are unknown.

Effects of age on foraging behavior in two closely related albatross species

BackgroundForaging performance is widely hypothesized to play a key role in shaping age-specific demographic rates in wild populations, yet the underlying behavioral changes are poorly understood. Seabirds are among the longest-lived vertebrates, and demonstrate extensive age-related variation in survival, breeding frequency and success. The breeding season is a particularly critical phase during the annual cycle, but it remains unclear whether differences in experience or physiological condition related to age interact with the changing degree of the central-place constraint in shaping foraging patterns in time and space.MethodsHere we analyze tracking data collected over two decades from congeneric black-browed (BBA) and grey-headed (GHA) albatrosses, Thalassarche melanophris and T. chrysostoma, breeding at South Georgia. We compare the foraging trip parameters, at-sea activity (flights and landings) and habitat preferences of individuals aged 10–45 years and contrast these patterns between the incubation and early chick-rearing stages.ResultsYoung breeders of both species showed improvements in foraging competency with age, reducing foraging trip duration until age 26. Thereafter, there were signs of foraging senescence; older adults took gradually longer trips, narrowed their habitat preference (foraging within a smaller range of sea surface temperatures) (GHA), made fewer landings and rested on the water for longer (BBA). Some age-specific effects were apparent for each species only in certain breeding stages, highlighting the complex interaction between intrinsic drivers in determining individual foraging strategies.ConclusionsUsing cross-sectional data, this study highlighted clear age-related patterns in foraging behavior at the population-level for two species of albatrosses. These trends are likely to have important consequences for the population dynamics of these threatened seabirds, as young or old individuals may be more vulnerable to worsening environmental conditions.

The results of durum wheat breeding in Russia for carotenoid pigments content in kernels

The concentration of carotenoid pigments in durum wheat kernels determines up to 30.0% of the quality of the final product. The purpose of the current study is to analyze the results of breeding improvement of spring durum wheat according to this trait in Russia, at all breeding stages. There was conducted the study based on the varieties of 4–7 stages of breeding in 11 environmental complexes (year, point) in 2014–2018. There were studied 29 genotypes. The plot area was 5.0–10.0 m2 with a 3-fold repetition. The concentration of yellow pigments in kernels was identified by extracting them with saturated n-butanol and with a subsequent photo-colorimetry at a wavelength of 440 ... 450 nm. As a result, there was established a significant increase in the concentration of carotenoids in kernels of the best genotypes in the main breeding Russian centers (+25–70.0% to the variety of 4-th stage of breeding “Kharkovsky 46”). The best varieties were “Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya”, “Bezenchukskaya krepost”, “Bezenchukskaya 210” (Samara RIA), “Saratovskaya zolotistaya” (RIA of the South-East) and the breeding lines “Gordeiforme 677” (FGBNU FANTSA), “D2098” (RIA of the South-East) and “1368D-18” (Samara RIA). These genotypes are recommended to be used as initial material in breeding and for the development of recombinant inbred lines for marking QTL that control the synthesis of carotenoids in durum wheat kernels and organize a marker-associated breeding technology on this basis.

Arsenic Distribution, Accumulation and Tolerance Mechanisms of Typha angustifolia in Different Phenological Growth Stages.

Variations of phytoaccumulation and tolerance in different growth stages of plant are important factors for effective removal of pollutants in phytoremediation. The present work investigated arsenic (As) accumulation, As-tolerance and the physiological tolerance mechanisms of Typha angustifolia under different As-level during the seedling, fast-growing and breeding stages. The results showed that As mainly distributed in the underground part and total As accumulation increased with growth stages. Maximum growth rates under lower As occurred in seedling stage, whereas occurred in breeding stage under higher As. T. angustifolia exhibited the highest tolerance ability under 150 mg kg-1 As and tolerance index (TI) varied from seedling to breeding stages. During seedling stage, TI was affected by plant height (Hshoot) and net photosynthesis, which control biomass production. During fast-growing stage, Hshoot and root glutathione (GSH) co-regulated plant As-tolerance. During breeding stage, physiological metabolic processes, especially GSH-mediated processes, played a critical role in improving plant As-tolerance.

Selection of food waste with low moisture and high protein content from Mexican restaurants as a supplement to swine feed

Food waste (FW) handling is a complex problem. Discarding food with nutritional value attempts against food safety and amounts to wasting the natural resources needed in its production. Developing concrete alternatives to valorize FW is becoming increasingly important. The transformation of FW from restaurants into swine feed is evaluated in this work. The FW is collected from restaurants and classified according to its composition as citric (CiW), vegetable (VeW), cereal (CeW), and processed food waste (PFW). An optimization strategy is performed to select the combination of FW with minimum moisture content that not only meets the nutrient requirement of pigs in their last breeding stage but also reduces the energy-related costs involved in the drying stage. The collected FW comprises 28.42, 25.37, 7.47, and 38.74 percent, of CiW, VeW, CeW, and PFW. According to their bromatological characterization, the first three wastes are rich in carbohydrates (68.87–73.74% on dry basis), whereas PFW is more balanced (average protein and fat contents are 17.91 and 24.85% on dry basis). The FW mix with the least moisture content consists mainly of PFW and CeW, with 59.77 and 37.65%. Maize must be added to the mixture to satisfy the ideal amino acid content. The proposed swine feed from FW contributes to reducing the need for costly meals with high protein content, such as soy meal.

Selective extraction and detection of β-agonists in swine urine for monitoring illegal use in livestock breeding

The illegal use of β-agonists often endangers animal-derived food safety. In this study, a selective detection method for β-agonists in swine urine was established via the combination of polymeric ionic liquid-molecularly imprinted graphene oxide-miniaturized pipette tip solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. It is worth noting that this method relied mainly on the designed adsorbent, which presented a rich adsorption mechanism, fast mass transfer rate, and high selectivity, and was successfully utilized in the selective extraction of β-agonists from swine urine samples. The proposed method has low LOD (0.20–0.56 ng/mL), high recovery (94.9–107.9%), and high reusability (4 times, 91.9–108.8%), which indicates its high potential as a selective, sensitive, accurate, and nonfatal method for monitoring the illegal use of β-agonists in the livestock breeding stage.

Evaluation of Hereford bulls by the quality of their offspring over various periods of growing their offspring under farm conditions

The greatest success in improving the breeding and productive qualities of Hereford cattle can be achieved through the use of high-value breeding bulls. The role of producers at the modern stages of beef cattle breeding has increased dramatically, so the evaluation of bulls by the quality of offspring has become an important breeding event to improve and create highly productive herds of beef cattle. At the same time, the use of bulls that are predisposed to various diseases or the deterioration of their offspring can cause irreparable negative consequences for beef cattle breeding. In the course of research work in the conditions of the farm, studies were conducted to assess the quality of bulls-producers of the Hereford breed of cattle. Evaluation of Hereford bulls by the quality of offspring in farm conditions will increase the efficiency of herd reproduction technology in beef cattle breeding, allow rational use of bulls, get a high yield of calves (90-95%), organize the accuracy of accounting for the origin of young animals, increase the level of breeding work to improve the productive, breeding qualities of animals and create highly productive herds of Hereford cattle in a shorter time.

Development of management tools in the context of NBIC convergence

The greatest success in improving the breeding and productive qualities of Hereford cattle can be achieved through the use of high-value breeding bulls. The role of producers at the modern stages of beef cattle breeding has increased dramatically, so the evaluation of bulls by the quality of offspring has become an important breeding event to improve and create highly productive herds of beef cattle. At the same time, the use of bulls that are predisposed to various diseases or the deterioration of their offspring can cause irreparable negative consequences for beef cattle breeding. In the course of research work in the conditions of the farm, studies were conducted to assess the quality of bulls-producers of the Hereford breed of cattle. Evaluation of Hereford bulls by the quality of offspring in farm conditions will increase the efficiency of herd reproduction technology in beef cattle breeding, allow rational use of bulls, get a high yield of calves (90-95%), organize the accuracy of accounting for the origin of young animals, increase the level of breeding work to improve the productive, breeding qualities of animals and create highly productive herds of Hereford cattle in a shorter time.

Alimentos alternativos utilizados para codornas de corte: revisão

Na coturnicultura a nutrição é o fator que mais onera os custos de produção, deste modo, estudos com a utilização alimentos alternativos ao milho e farelo de soja, tem crescido consideravelmente em todo o Brasil, devido ao grande potencial de produção agroindustrial do pais que gera inúmeros coprodutos ou subprodutos que possuem qualidade nutricional suficiente para serem colocados nas rações sem interferir no desempenho ou na qualidade do produto final, possibilitando reduzir o potencial poluidor destes coprodutos quando descartados de forma inadequada. Neste contexto, objetiva-se com está revisão abordar alguns alimentos alternativos que são utilizados na alimentação de codornas de corte, assim como seus efeitos sobre o desempenho nas diferentes fases de criação destas aves e também seus efeitos sobre a qualidade do produto final. Para a realizar esta revisão foi feita análise de trabalhos científicos que utilizaram alimentos alternativos em rações de codornas de corte, evidenciando os seus efeitos. Podendo concluir que diversos alimentos alternativos como resíduo de acerola, bagaço de licuri, farelo de goiaba, farelo de crambe, resíduo do maracujá, farelo da castanha do caju, casca de soja e o farelo da palma forrageira podem ser utilizados na alimentação de codornas de corte, auxiliando na redução dos custos da dieta sem influência sobre as características zootécnicas.