Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Research Articles

Osteopathic intervention for infants with breastfeeding difficulty: A retrospective case series

BackgroundThe importance of breastfeeding and its effect on reducing the burden of disease is recognised globally. The physical aspect of successful breastfeeding is multifactorial and requires maternal comfort and confidence and an infant's ability to latch and maintain intra-oral sucking functions. Infants need to have sufficient function of their musculoskeletal system to maintain positioning and attachment. ObjectivesThe primary aim was to investigate the effect of osteopathic intervention on mothers and infants with breastfeeding difficulty. The secondary aim was to record the musculoskeletal dysfunctions found in those infants. DesignA retrospective case series of de-identified patient files. SettingOsteopathic private practice. MethodsA Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and Visual Analogue Scale for maternal pain while feeding, ability to latch, ability to maintain latch and noise while feeding were completed before and after osteopathic intervention. ParticipantsEighteen mother-infant-dyad files were retrospectively reviewed. ResultsFollowing an average of five osteopathic treatments over 7.4 weeks, all 18 mother-infant-dyads noted improvement in breastfeeding confidence and/or improvements in the ability to latch and maintain latch, maternal pain at the breast and infant noise while feeding. The greatest improvements were seen in the seven mother-infant dyads identified at risk of ceasing breastfeeding at baseline (p=<0.001). ConclusionThis study provides evidence that osteopathic intervention may be capable of delivering benefits in breastfeeding confidence and function. Our results also indicate that osteopathic intervention may benefit mothers at risk of ceasing breastfeeding. Further research, including prospective clinical trials with a comparator group, is warranted.

Evaluation of breastfeeding success and self-efficacy in mothers giving birth via vaginal delivery or cesarean section: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional observational study was conducted to compare breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy levels of mothers who gave birth via vaginal delivery (spontaneous or via epidural analgesia) or cesarean section (under general or spinal anesthesia). The study was conducted between September 2019 and February 2020 in the obstetric clinic. Data were collected using a Data Collection Form, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), and the LATCH Breastfeeding Evaluation Tool. Throughout the study, we followed the STROBE Checklist. Mothers who gave birth via spontaneous vaginal delivery had a statistically higher mean Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy score (54.92 ± 7.72; p < .001) than those who gave birth under spinal anesthesia (43.21 ± 10.04; p < .001) and then those who gave birth via cesarean section under general anesthesia (37.39 ± 10.64; p < .001). The difference between the delivery modes in terms of breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success scores was statistically significant (respectively, KW = 40.168, p < .001 and KW = 52.420, p < .001). In order to increase the breastfeeding success of mothers who give birth via cesarean section under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia, lactation nurses need to strengthen the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy and provide more breastfeeding support to them compared to mothers who give birth via SVD.

Traumatic Birth Experience with Cesarean Section and Breastfeeding Outcomes

Introduction A perinatal factor that appears to be highly correlated with postpartum PTSD is breastfeeding. There are several researchers who have studied the traumatic experience of birth and its impact on breastfeeding. More specifically, Türkmen in 2020 [1] reported a high correlation between Post Traumatic Stres Disorder (PTSD), traumatic perception of childbirth and low breastfeeding self-efficacy. According to the authors, the most important reason for low breastfeeding rates in PTSD postpartum women is the increased cortisol secretion, which suppresses oxytocin production resulting in reduced milk production. In another recent study published in 2018 [2], it is equally argued that postpartum PTSD can negatively affect the initiation and maintenance of lactation. It is a fact that a traumatic birth experience can create difficulties in breastfeeding from the beginning, and even undermine it completely. For example, in another study, mothers who had a complicated vaginal delivery or an Emergency Cesarean Section (EMCS) were more likely to suffer from PTSD and breastfeeding difficulties [3]. A possible explanation for this phenomenon was attempted by Beck in 2011 [4], describing how breastfeeding after a traumatic birth experience can trigger flashbacks to the traumatic birth and ultimately act as a deterrent to breastfeeding in the mother trying to avoid mental pain.

Breastfeeding Self-efficacy and its Relationship with Perceived Stress and Breastfeeding Performance in Iranian Mothers with Late Preterm Infants: A Prospective Study

Background: Late preterm infants suffer from several problems after birth, and the key factor in fighting these problems is effective breastfeeding. Objective: To determine breastfeeding self-efficacy and its relationship with perceived stress and assess breastfeeding performance in mothers with late preterm infants Methods: In this prospective study, 171 eligible nursing mothers with late preterm infants born in Alzahra Medical Center of Tabriz, Iran, were selected via convenience sampling. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form was employed to measure breastfeeding self-efficacy, and the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure the perceived stress 24 hours after giving birth. When the child was 4 months old, breastfeeding performance was measured by the Standard Breastfeeding Performance Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Pearson and Spearman’s correlation tests, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of breastfeeding self-efficacy was 50.0 (7.8) with scores ranging from 13 to 65, and the mean (standard deviation) of perceived stress was 26.5 (8.8) with scores ranging from 0 to 56. The median (25-75 percentiles) of breastfeeding performance score equaled 2.0 (1.0 to 3.0) with scores ranging from 0 to 6. Based on multiple linear regression analysis and after adjusting the personal-social characteristics, by increasing the score of breastfeeding self-efficacy, perceived stress was significantly decreased (B=-0.1, 95 %CI=-0.3 to 0.0). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding performance (p = 0.418). Conclusion: Due to the possibility of adjusting breastfeeding self-efficacy and its role in mothers’ perceived stress, developing proper strategies seems to be essential for enhancing breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scale - Short form for fathers

BackgroundWomen supported by their partners are more likely to initiate and maintain breastfeeding and overcome related challenges. Therefore, reliable measurement tools are needed to determine whether fathers can provide this support. AimThis study aimed to (1) examine the psychometric properties of the Paternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) in Turkish fathers, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, construct validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA); and (2) assess the relationship between the BSES-SF and paternal demographic factors. MethodsA methodologically study was conducted between December 26-2018 and June 26-2019 at the pediatrics clinics of two research hospitals of medical schools in Konya, Turkey. The sample consisted of 221 fathers of infants aged 2 to 6 weeks who visited the clinics for routine examinations. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Turkish version of the Paternal BSES-SF. After evaluating the language equivalence and content validity of the scale, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity were examined. In evaluation of the data frequency/percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent groups t test, ANOVA Analysis, Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Pearson Product-Moment correlation and Cronbach α analysis were used. The study was approved by Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Selcuk University in Turkey. ResultsThe translated Paternal BSES-SF had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93 and a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.96. The factor loadings ranged from 0.42 to 0.76. The Paternal BSES-SF had a one-factor structure similar to the original scale. Fathers who were unemployed, had lower economic status, and unplanned pregnancy had significantly lower mean Paternal BSES-SF scores. Paternal education regarding breastfeeding increased mean Paternal BSES-SF retest scores (p<0.05). ConclusionsThe Paternal BSES-SF was a valid and reliable measure to assess fathers’ confidence in their ability to assist mothers with breastfeeding in Turkey. Turkish researchers and health workers can use this instrument as a reference for promoting exclusive breastfeeding.

Associations between breastfeeding and the “10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding”

Abstract Background The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative’s (BFHI) ‘‘Ten Steps for Successful Breastfeeding'’ has been the cornerstone of national and international strategies for decades; however, adherence is suboptimal. Despite successive National Strategies, breastfeeding rates remain low in Cyprus. Methods The overall experience of a consecutive sample of 568 mother-baby dyads (response: 70.8%) across all public (N = 5) and 29 (of 35) private maternity clinics was operationalized as the sum score of full, partial or no implementation of each WHO/UNICEF BFHI self-assessment questionnaire item, with the exclusion of Step 6 (exclusivity). Associations with initiation and continuation of any (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to the 6th month were explored in logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders, including breastfeeding self-efficacy. Results At mean score 5.6 (SD = 2.4), the overall 10 steps experience was low (theoretical range 0-14), even among those who breastfed exclusively (M = 6.9, SD = 2.1; p &amp;lt; 0.001). EBF and BF initiation and continuation showed a stepwise association with self-reported experience of the 10 steps. Across quartiles of increasing scores, the prevalence of EBF was 7.1%, 15.1%, 17.0% and 35.6%. The quartile of mothers who assessed their experience more favourably were 8- (adjOR: 8.4, 95% CI 1.5-48.0; p = 0.017) and 4-times (adjOR: 4.1; 95% CI 1.7-9.8, p = 0.002) more likely to initiate BF and EBF, even though only 6.5% continued EBF by the 6th month. Step 7 (rooming-in) and step 9 (no pacifiers) were least practiced but more strongly associated with EBF initiation. Conclusions While breastfeed intention may determine the actual experience of the 10 steps, implementation across maternity clinics appeared fragmented, despite clear association with successful initiation and continuation of BF, at the same time that the Cyprus National Committee for Breastfeeding is embarking on the first BFHI accreditation of maternity clinics. Key messages • Despite successive National Strategies identifying breastfeeding as Public Health priority, adherence to the WHO/UNICEF’s 10 Steps appears fragmented across Cypriot maternity clinics. • Despite low overall adherence, mothers reporting experiencing more of the 10 steps were more likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding.

Timing and social patterning of weaning practices in Cyprus: BrEaST start in life longitudinal study

Abstract Background Introduction of solids in the infant diet, according to WHO recommendations, should initiate onwards of sixth months. Evidence, however, suggests that solids introduction occurs earlier even if breastfeeding continues. With low breastfeeding rates, Cyprus is ranking last in Europe and little is known about the timing and socio-demographic pattern of solid introduction. Methods Using the retrospective event calendar method at the 4th and 6th month after birth, the timing of initiation of solids was estimated among a consecutive sample of 350 mother-baby dyads from all public (N = 5) and 29 (of 35) private maternity clinics. The likelihood of early introduction according to socio-demographic characteristics and breastfeeding self-efficacy (measured at birth and 1st month) was estimated in logistic regression models. Results Three out of ten women (30.8%) had initiated solids before the 4th month and only 20% hadn't by the 6th month. Almost half of non-Cypriot mothers (47.1%) initiated solids earlier than the 5th month, twice more likely compared to 25.1% of Cypriot mothers (OR: 2.45 95% CI: 1.30-4.57). There was a stepwise association with educational attainment with mothers with tertiary education more likely to initiate solids later (OR: 2.76 95% CI: 1.33-5.71) compared to those with at most secondary education. A similar social gradient was observed with income but was not statistically significant in multivariable models, while no association was observed with mode of birth (55.9% by C/S). Even though low breastfeeding self-efficacy at first month was predictive of earlier initiation, surprisingly, primiparous or multiparous mothers without previous breastfeeding experience were more likely to initiate solids later. Conclusions Early introduction of solids with a clear social gradient suggests the need for strengthening the currently weak community-based interventions to improve weaning practices, including screening for breastfeeding self-efficacy. Key messages • Four in five mums in Cyprus introduce solids before the 6th month with one in three introducing solids in the infant’s diet before the 4th month, with a clear social gradient in the patterning. • Community-based intervention programmes are needed to improve weaning practices, including screening for low breastfeeding self-efficacy in a country with low breastfeeding rates.

An exploration of prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy: a scoping review protocol

Objective: To synthesise the evidence on prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy, including identifying concepts and theoretical frameworks that underpin its development, the evidence on its measurement, interventions used to improve it, and association with breastfeeding outcomes. Background: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is described as a woman’s self-belief and confidence in her perceived ability to breastfeed. It is a modifiable measure that is strongly associated with breastfeeding outcomes such as initiation, exclusivity, and duration. Interventions aimed at increasing self-efficacy are often in the postnatal period and have been shown to be effective at improving breastfeeding outcomes. The prenatal period appears to be underexplored in the literature and yet focusing on enhancing it may have the potential for further improvements in self-efficacy and on subsequent breastfeeding outcomes. A comprehensive knowledge synthesis on prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy is lacking. Methods: The search will include databases across health, psychology, sociology, and the grey literature on breastfeeding guidance. Once the PCC framework (Problem: breastfeeding, Concept: self-efficacy, Context: prenatal period) is met, sources of evidence from any contextual setting will be eligible for inclusion. Limits will not be applied on geographic location or year of publication. The PRISMA-ScR flow diagram of search and study selection will be used to report final figures. Two independent reviewers will perform title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction. Data will be charted to provide a logical and descriptive summary of the results that align with the objectives. Conclusion: The results will provide an understanding of what has been done in the space and what gaps exist, informing recommendations for the timing of measurement and the design of prenatal interventions.

Psychometric Assessment of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Malawian Mothers.

Exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months postpartum has been related to breastfeeding self-efficacy in diverse populations. Globally, this is measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF). To evaluate the psychometric properties of the BSES-SF among women in Malawi; and to examine the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and demographic and health factors. The study design was a prospective, cross-sectional survey with a 2 week follow-up reliability check. Postpartum women (N = 180) were recruited at a maternity hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. In addition to the BSES-SF, the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Scale (QoL) was also administered. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson's correlations were used to examine the construct validity, reliability, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity. The confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure of the Malawian version of the 12-item BSES-SF. Cronbach's alpha and the intra-class correlation coefficient were 0.79 and 0.75, respectively. BSES-SF scores had significant correlation with QoL domains (physical QoL: r = 0.31, p < .001; and environmental QoL: r = 0.22, p < .01). Participants' age, parity, and mode of delivery were positively correlated with breastfeeding self-efficacy scores. The findings of our study confirmed that the 12-item BSES-SF is a reliable and valid scale for assessing women's breastfeeding self-efficacy in Malawi.

Breasteeding Self Efficacy And Behavior Of Sexio Post Mothers For Breast Milk In Source Living Hospital Ambon

Abstract&#x0D; Caesarean section is an act of delivery assistance through a surgical process that results in changes in tissue continuity and causes pain. The impact that occurs in post-cesarean section patients includes infection in the suture marks, uterine infections, keloids, blood vessel injuries, and amniotic fluid entering the blood vessels. In addition, the discomfort felt by post-sectional patients can cause mother's dependence on nurses and families in meeting the needs of activities and the relationship between mother and baby is disrupted because the mother is more focused on the pain of the surgical wound. In addition, the process of physical and psychological adaptation of the mother will be more severe when the mother undergoes a surgical delivery process. The pain felt by the mother after childbirth and the physical limitations in carrying out activities tend to have the potential to affect the mother's ability to care for her baby and breastfeed her baby. Mother's Milk (ASI) is the best nutrition for babies because it provides adequate nutrition and is in accordance with the baby's needs. The mother's lack of confidence in her ability to breastfeed her baby can be caused by the mother not making initial contact with her baby. This can affect the welfare of the baby in the future. This research is quantitative research. The design used is cross sectional or cross sectional. The sampling technique was done by consecutive sampling. This study aims to analyze the effect of breastfeeding self-efficacy on breastfeeding behavior of post-cesarean mothers. The results of statistical analysis using chy-square showed that breastfeeding self-efficacy for post-cesarean mothers affected poor breastfeeding behavior by 80.9%. On the other hand, mothers who had poor BSE only 31% had good breastfeeding behavior. These results indicate that there is an effect of BSE on the breastfeeding behavior of post-cesarean mothers at the source of life hospital in Ambon (p value = 0.012). There is an influence between breastfeeding self efficacy on the behavior of breastfeeding mothers after cesarean section at Sumber Hidup Hospital in Ambon.

The effect of tele-education delivered to mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding success and perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy: Randomized controlled longitudinal trial

This study was conducted to determine the effect of tele-education offered to mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding success and perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy. The mothers were divided into experimental (n = 28) and control groups (n = 28). They were followed-up postnatal 1st week, 4th week, 3rd month, and 6th month in both groups. The researchers provided a 4-week long education and counseling service to mothers in the experimental group via direct phone calls and text messages. It was determined that the tele-education given to mothers about breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic increased breastfeeding success and perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Does Spiritual Health Correlate With Breastfeeding Mother’s Self-Efficacy In The Sub-District Area?

Spiritual health is an aspect that can provide motivation and purpose for someone to achieve their goals even in a difficult situation. One of the factors supporting the success of breastfeeding is the mother’s self-efficacy. Self-efficacy gives mothers confidence and strong motivation even in a difficult situation. This study aimed to determine the correlation between spiritual health and breastfeeding self-efficacy. This analytical correlational study used a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted in October 2019 in Soreang Sub-district, Bandung Regency, one of the rural areas in Bandung Regency. The subjects of the study were chosen by cluster random sampling method and selected 52 subjects from 13 Posyandu in Soreang sub-districts. The primary data were obtained using instruments in the form of questionnaires. The level of the spiritual health of the subjects was obtained using Spiritual Health Inventory questionnaire. The level of breastfeeding self-efficacy of the subjects was obtained using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated there is a correlation between spiritual health with breastfeeding self-efficacy, (p=0.029 r=0.303). According to the studied data, breastfeeding self-efficacy and spiritual health are correlated among breastfeeding mothers in Soreang Sub-district.

The Associations of Breastfeeding and Postnatal Experiences With Postpartum Depression Among Mothers of Hospitalized Infants in Tertiary Hospitals.

BackgroundPostpartum depression has been linked to undesirable outcomes for mother-infant dyads, interfering with childcare and breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among mothers during the postpartum period and its association with breastfeeding and postpartum experiences.MethodologyThis cross-sectional study involved mothers of hospitalized infants (n = 219) at two tertiary hospitals in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Mothers were screened for postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale with a cut-off of ≥12 for positive screening for depression. Mothers were asked to complete questionnaires on breastfeeding experience, which included breastfeeding self-efficacy and challenges. The questionnaires also collected information on postnatal experiences, including birth outcomes, anxiety and stress levels, and social support. Multiple linear regression was used to ascertain the association of postpartum depression levels with breastfeeding and postnatal experiences.ResultsOverall, 30% of mothers in this study screened positive for depression. Based on multiple linear regression, a higher score of postpartum depression was significantly associated with unpleasant breastfeeding and postnatal experiences reflected by increased scores of anxiety and stress, lower infant birth weight, increased breastfeeding problems, and lower level of social support (p < 0.005).ConclusionsMaternal emotions, birth outcomes, breastfeeding issues, and social support were associated with postpartum depression. Efforts should be made to increase maternal support, and screening for maternal depression during infant hospital stays should be encouraged.

Effect of IMB Model Combined with Spousal Support Breastfeeding Intervention on PBSES Score and Breastfeeding Rate of Primipara with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

Objective To analyze the effects of the info-motivation-behavior skills (IMB) model combined with spousal support breastfeeding intervention on breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES) scores and breastfeeding rate of primiparas with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods Seventy-four first-term pregnant women and 74 of their spouses were selected as the traditional control group by the convenience sampling method from July to September 2021 in obstetrics department of Shenzhen Third People's Hospital. 74 pregnant women with their first child and 74 spouses who had their first child checked during October to December 2021 were classified as the IMB model group. The traditional control group was applied with conventional intervention management mode, and the IMB model group was applied with intervention management mode based on IMB theory on the basis of the traditional control group. The self-efficacy scores of breastfeeding before and after intervention during pregnancy and during hospitalization were compared between the two groups, and the self-efficacy scores of paternal support for breastfeeding were compared. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants within 6 months and the maternal breastfeeding knowledge level of the two groups were compared, and the correlation between maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy score and feeding knowledge level was analyzed. Results After pregnancy intervention, PBSES and FBSES-SF scores were significantly increased in both groups, and scores of scales in the IMB model group increased significantly than the traditional control group (all P < 0.05). The BSES-SF and FBSES-SF scores of the IMB model group increased significantly than the traditional control group at 3 days after delivery and at discharge (P < 0.05), and the scores of each scale at discharge in both groups increased significantly than those at 3 days after delivery (P < 0.05). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the IMB model group was 94.59% (70/74), and that in the traditional control group was 78.38% (58/74). There was a significant difference (χ2 = 8.325, P = 0.004). At discharge, the score of maternal breastfeeding knowledge increased significantly in both groups, and the score of the IMB model group increased significantly than that of the traditional control group (all P < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between PBSES score, FBSES-SF score, and maternal feeding knowledge level, which showed positive correlation (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The self-efficacy of prenatal breastfeeding in pregnant women with HBV is low, and the application of the IMB model combined with the intervention mode of spy-supported breastfeeding has positive effects on the improvement of maternal breastfeeding efficiency, breastfeeding health knowledge level, and postpartum breastfeeding rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Knowledge and Breastfeeding Experience are Associated with High Levels of Exclusive Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Pregnant Women from Dobo, Maluku

Background: The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia, including Maluku Province, was still low. One of the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding is maternal self-efficacy. This study aimed to determine factors associated with high levels of exclusive breastfeeding self-efficacy amongst pregnant women living in the catchment area of Dobo and Siwalima Health Centers in Dobo, Aru Islands District, Maluku Province. Methods: This study was conducted in October 2021 using a cross-sectional research design. Using total population sampling, 146 pregnant women living in Dobo and Siwalima Health Center’s catchment area were selected and interviewed. We examined the role of different factors: mothers' sociodemographic characteristics, number of children, breastfeeding knowledge, social support, antenatal care use, and mothers' history of breastfeeding. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with high levels of exclusive breastfeeding self-efficacy in pregnant women. Results: We found that 61.6% of pregnant women had high levels of exclusive breastfeeding self-efficacy. The odds of high levels of exclusive breastfeeding self-efficacy significantly increased in pregnant women with high levels of breastfeeding knowledge (aOR=4.73; 95%CI: 1.44-15.52, p=0.010). The odds also increased in mothers who had ever exclusively breastfed their previous child (aOR = 5.10; 95% CI: 2.02-12.86, p=0.001) or had any experience with breastfeeding (aOR=0.48; 95%CI: 1.88-12, p=0.001). Conclusions: The level of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and previous breastfeeding experience was associated with the level of exclusive breastfeeding self-efficacy amongst pregnant women. Health promotion efforts, including health education and provision of support from health workers and family members for pregnant women who did not have any breastfeeding experience, were beneficial to improving exclusive breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Breast Feeding and Weaning Practices among Post-Partum Mothers in Selected Health Facilities in Umuahia Metropolis in Abia State.

Purpose: This study examined the breastfeeding and weaning practices among postpartum mothers in selected health facilities in Umuahia metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive design survey was conducted among 135 postpartum mothers who were conveniently selected from health facilities in Umuahia metropolis, Nigeria. The health facilities were selected by multi stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire that incorporated the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form questionnaire by Faux and Dennis and analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.&#x0D; Results: Findings showed that 78.1% had adequate initiation of breastfeeding (0-1 hour after childbirth), 28.9% of the participants initiated breastfeeding at 0-30 minutes of childbirth while 54.7% of the participants did not practice exclusive breastfeeding. Most (83.6%) of the participants had adequate BFSE scores. About 31.3% of the participants practiced good commencement of complimentary feeding. Majority of the participants used infant milk formula (33.6%) and Pap with sugar (12.5%) for complimentary feeding. The hypothesis tested revealed that there is a significant strong positive relationship between age and BFSE (p = 0.000*, γ effect size = 92.1%) and there is also a significant strong positive relationship between parity of mother and BFSE (p = 0.000*, γ effect size = 61.2%). There was good initiation of breast feeding but poor practice of exclusive breastfeeding amidst good BFSE. Based on the findings the researcher recommended that Stake holders in maternal and child health should design community based platforms for the identification and discourse of the reasons for the poor compliance with exclusive breastfeeding.&#x0D; Recommendation: Stake holders in maternal and child health should design community based platforms for the identification and discourse of the reasons for the poor compliance with Exclusive Breastfeeding.

Effect of Face-to-Face and WhatsApp Communication of a Theory-Based Health Education Intervention on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (SeBF Intervention): Cluster Randomized Controlled Field Trial.

BackgroundThe exclusive breastfeeding rate in Malaysia is still not satisfactory. Previous studies have shown that breastfeeding self-efficacy is one of the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding, and it can be improved using social cognitive theory. WhatsApp, which is widely used among Malaysians, could be leveraged as a platform to deliver health education interventions.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate the effect of using a face-to-face and WhatsApp-based health education intervention based on social cognitive theory, namely the Self-Efficacy in Breastfeeding (SeBF) module, on mothers' self-efficacy, knowledge, and attitudes in a district in Selangor state.MethodsThis study was a 2-arm, parallel, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled field trial with an intervention and a control group involving primigravida or multigravida mothers who reside in a district in Selangor state and did not exclusively breastfeed during their previous pregnancy. All 12 maternity and pediatric clinics in this district were randomly divided into 6 intervention and 6 control groups. A total of 172 pregnant mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=86) or the control group (n=86). The control group received usual routine care. The primary outcome was breastfeeding self-efficacy, while secondary outcomes were knowledge and attitude toward breastfeeding. Each subject was assessed at 4 time points: at baseline, immediately after the intervention, 4 weeks post partum, and 8 weeks post partum. Generalized mixed model analysis was applied to measure the effect of health education on breastfeeding self-efficacy, knowledge, and attitude after the intervention.ResultsThe response rate was 81% (139/172), with the dropout rate being 7% (6/86) in the intervention group and 31% (27/86) in the control group. In the intent-to-treat analysis, the intervention group showed a significant increase in the mean total breastfeeding self-efficacy score 8 weeks after delivery compared with the control group (F21,601=111.73, P<.001). In addition, the mean total score for breastfeeding knowledge increased significantly in the intervention group after the intervention compared to the control group (F21,601=8.33, P<.001). However, no significant difference was found in the mean total score for breastfeeding attitude after the intervention (F21,602=5.50, P=.47).ConclusionsFace-to-face and WhatsApp-based participation in the SeBF program, designed on the basis of social cognitive theory, contributed to improved self-efficacy and knowledge about breastfeeding. Further studies need to be conducted with a longer duration (until 6 months post partum) to evaluate its effectiveness in increasing exclusive breastfeeding. Furthermore, new strategies in health education need to be developed to improve breastfeeding attitudes.Trial RegistrationThaiclinicaltrials.org TCTR20200213004; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20200213004

Effectiveness of early essential newborn care on breastfeeding and maternal outcomes: a nonrandomized controlled study

BackgroundBreastfeeding and maternal health play crucial roles in improving newborn health, which is closely related to the development of families and society. Early essential newborn care, which emphasizes early exclusive breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact, is recommended by the World Health Organization. This study aimed to explore the association of early essential newborn care with breastfeeding and maternal outcomes.MethodsA nonrandomized controlled study was carried out from May 2020 to January 2021 in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu city, China. Pregnant women were recruited from the maternity ward before they gave birth. Early essential newborn care was performed for 91 mother-newborn pairs after birth in the intervention group, while routine birth care was performed for 91 mother-newborn pairs in the control group. Data on breastfeeding and maternal outcomes were collected pre-test and post-test and were recorded by trained data collectors and retrieved from hospital case record files.ResultsCompared with the control group, the intervention group had a higher incidence of early breastfeeding initiation, an earlier initiation and longer duration for the first breastfeeding, a higher incidence of successful first breastfeeding, more exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge, higher maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, a shorter duration of the third stage of labour, lower postpartum blood loss, and lower scores of maternal pain and anxiety postpartum; the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe implementation of high-quality early essential newborn care can help mothers initiate early breastfeeding, improve exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge, enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy, promote the woman’s recovery from labour, and reduce maternal anxiety and pain in the postpartum period. High-quality early essential newborn care is recommended to policymakers and medical professionals to improve breastfeeding and maternal outcomes.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, Retrospective Registration (27/7/2021), registration number: ChiCTR2100049231.

Family-centred care and breastfeeding self-efficacy determined how ready mothers were for their infants to be discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit.

We examined if a range of factors were associated with how ready mothers were for their infants to be discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This was a secondary analysis of a study on the well-being of mothers whose infants were hospitalised in the level 3 NICU at the Jewish General Hospital in Canada. We studied 132 mother-infant dyads: 70 from an open ward NICU and 62 from the purpose-built NICU with pods or single-family rooms that replaced it in 2016. The mothers completed a questionnaire on NICU stress and their perceptions of family-centred care on enrolment and another on breastfeeding self-efficacy and readiness to go home a week before discharge. The infants' characteristics were retrieved from the medical files. The infants were born at a mean age of 29.8 ± 3.1 weeks. Greater family-centred care during early hospitalisation (p=0.01) and greater breastfeeding self-efficacy in the period before discharge (p=0.04) were significantly associated with higher readiness for discharge. The unit design was not significantly associated with readiness for discharge. The quality of early family-centred care and breastfeeding self-efficacy were significantly associated with how ready mothers were for their preterm infant to be discharged from the NICU.

EMAeHealth, a digital tool for the self-management of women’s health needs during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium: protocol for a hybrid effectiveness-implementation study

IntroductionEHealth can help health service users take a more active role in decision-making and help health professionals guide the patient in this process. A digital tool has been designed to...