Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Research Articles

IJCM_13A: Effect of video based educational intervention in Gestational diabetic mothers on breast feeding self efficacy: a Randomized Control Trial

Background: Women with Gestational diabetes mellitus face a lot of challenges when it comes to breast feeding. Breast feeding self efficacy is an important factor for improving breast feeding outcomes. Objectives: To know the effect of educational intervention on breast feeding efficacy in immediate postpartum period among women with gestational diabetic mellitus using breast feeding self-efficacy scale short form (BSES-SF). Methodology: A randomized control trial was conducted between May 2022 to August 2023 in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. Ethics committee approval was obtained. Clinical trial registry was done (CTRI/2023/03/051176). 108 women with Gestational diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study. Study participants were divided into control and intervention group. Intervention group were shown an informative video on breast feeding practices and techniques while both the groups were educated using flipcharts on essential newborn care. Breast feeding efficacy was scored in both the groups at admission, after intervention within 48 hours puerperium using breast feeding self-efficacy scale short form (BSES-SF) and results were analyzed. Results: The mean age group of the study was 30.15 ± 5.12. The demographic details in both the groups were comparable. The mean BSES-SF scores were 45.13 pre-intervention vs 55.15 post-intervention in the intervention group (p = <0.001) while mean BSES-SF scores were 44.60 pre-intervention vs 47.53 post-intervention in control group (p = <0.001). Conclusion: Video based educational intervention had a positive impact on breast feeding efficacy in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Integrating a Breastfeeding Peer Counselor Into an Academic Hospital's Obstetric Clinic: A Pilot Study.

Black recipients of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) have low breastfeeding rates. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if prenatal education by a breastfeeding peer counselor in an academic obstetric clinic is feasible and could improve WIC-eligible participants' breastfeeding self-efficacy and in-hospital breastfeeding rates. Pregnant participants (N = 57) were randomized into either an intervention group, which spoke briefly with a breastfeeding peer counselor immediately after their clinic appointment, or a comparison group, which received usual prenatal obstetric care only. Integrating a breastfeeding peer counselor into an academic obstetric clinic proved feasible and improved the intervention group's overall pre- to postscores on the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. This small pilot study showed no significant difference in in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates between the groups.

The Effect of Theory-Based Care on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Anxiety and Breast Milk Release

Objective: The effect of nursing care provided according to Dennis’ breastfeeding self-efficacy theory on breastfeeding self-efficacy, anxiety, and breast milk secretion was evaluated.
 Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 mothers in the first week postpartum were examined. The mothers and their supporters in the Dennis Theory-Based Nursing Care group were trained. Before the training, mothers were given the personal information form and the breastfeeding diary form to be filled out for 15 days. The perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers was evaluated using the “Postpartum Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale”. Their anxiety was determined using the “State Anxiety Scale”, and breast milk release was assessed using the “Daily Form for Baby’s Adequate Nutrition”. The parameters were measured on the first day and 15 days after the training. Routine hospital standard nursing care was provided to the mothers in the control group. 
 Results: The number of formulas given by mothers in the Dennis Theory-Based Nursing Care group to their babies was significantly lower than the number of formulas given by the mothers in the control group (Z=–0.90, p

The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months

Objective: Breastfeeding is a wonderful event that requires strength and dedication from mothers. Effective breastfeeding education provided to pregnant women in the prenatal period can increase the success and level of breastfeeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal education intervention on the first two-month exclusive breastfeeding level.
 Method: This experimental study was carried out at a primary family health center between July 2019 and February 2020. One hundred thirty-three pregnant women were included in the study’s control and intervention groups. The Prenatal and postnatal information form, the Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) were used to collect the data.
 Results: The first two-month exclusive breastfeeding level was 33.1% in the control group and 68.7% in the intervention group (p

Postpartum Dönemde Büyükanne Desteğinin Emzirme Öz Yeterlilik Düzeyine Etkisi: Kesitsel Bir Araştırma

Amaç: Postpartum dönemde büyükanne desteğinin emzirme öz yeterlilik üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
 Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan araştırma, doğum sonrası 0-42 günlük bebeği olan 213 anne ile Ocak- Nisan 2022 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin doğusundaki bir ilin araştırma hastanesinin Pediatri Polikliniği’nde yürütülmüştür. Veriler anket formu ve Emzirme Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği-Kısa Formu (EÖYÖ-KF) aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzde, ortalama, T-testi, Mann Whitney U Testi ve Spearman Korelasyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. 
 Bulgular: Büyükannelerin lohusalıkta yanında kalma süresinin ortalama 10.27±11.20 gün olduğu, %71.8’inin lohusalık sürecinde destek aldığı bulunmuştur. Büyükannelerin lohusalıkta %61’inin anne sütü dışında besin önerdiği, besin önerisinde bulunanların %43.4’ünün mama önerdiği, %74.4’ünün önerilen besinleri bebeğine verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Annelerin büyükanne desteği alma durumlarına göre emzirme öz-yeterlilik düzeyleri ve lohusalıkta kalma süreleri arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır (p

Determinants and Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Thai Muslim Mothers: A Cross-sectional Analysis

Exclusive breastfeeding is pivotal for the health and development of infants and offers numerous benefits to mothers. However, unique cultural beliefs and practices, particularly among Muslim communities, can significantly influence breastfeeding behaviors. This study sought to elucidate the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding among Thai Muslim mothers. The sample was 168 postpartum Muslim mothers from well-baby clinics in southern Thailand, selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected from June to December 2022 employing the Demographic Data Form, Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire, Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale -Short Form, Maternal Health Literacy Scale, Islamic Belief Scale, Exclusive Breastfeeding Social Support, and Breastfeeding Practices Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman rank’s correlation, and binary logistic regression analysis. The study found that the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among Thai Muslim mothers at six months postpartum was 54.8%. Notably, breastfeeding self-efficacy emerged as the sole predictor of exclusive breastfeeding, accounting for 11% of the variance in this practice. These findings underscore the critical role of breastfeeding self-efficacy in promoting exclusive breastfeeding. It is recommended that nurses and healthcare professionals develop culturally tailored support programs that enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy, aligned with Islamic beliefs, to improve breastfeeding practices among Muslim mothers.

Breastfeeding interventions and programmes conducted in Portuguese-speaking sovereign states: A scoping review.

This scoping review aimed to identify and appraise the effectiveness and impact of breastfeeding promotion interventions conducted across Portuguese-speaking sovereign countries. Using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched 14 electronic databases for publications published through 31 July 2023. The search terms were designed to find studies promoting breastfeeding or exclusive breastfeeding in pre-defined Portuguese-speaking countries. Of the 5263 papers initially retrieved, 30 interventional studies on breastfeeding met the inclusion criteria across three countries: Brazil (N = 26), Portugal (N = 2) and Guinea Bissau (N = 2). Participants ranged from pregnant women, mothers, mother-infant pairs, healthcare professionals, and school children. Overall, the interventions increased exclusive breastfeeding and better breastfeeding practices, such as a higher duration of breastfeeding. The interventions positively affected maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, knowledge and perception. Only four studies used a theoretical framework. While the results were often statistically significant, no study had an outcome close to the recommended UNICEF and WHO goal of 70% breastfeeding at six months. The need to determine what works for the recommended six months postpartum period is critical for maximising children's health in Portuguese-speaking countries.

Psychometrics of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale and short form: a systematic review

BackgroundThe Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and its short-form were developed in Canada and have been used internationally among numerous maternal populations. However, the psychometric properties of the scales have not been reviewed to confirm their appropriateness in measuring breastfeeding self-efficacy in culturally diverse populations. The purpose of this research was to critically appraise and synthesize the psychometric properties of the scales via systematic review.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Three databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) were searched from 1999 (original publication of the Scale) until April 27, 2022. The search was updated on April 1, 2023. Studies that assessed the psychometric properties of the BSES or BSES-SF were included. Two researchers independently extracted data and completed the quality appraisals.ResultsForty-one studies evaluated the psychometrics of the BSES (n = 5 studies) or BSES-SF (n = 36 studies) among demographically or culturally diverse populations. All versions of the instrument demonstrated good reliability, with Cronbach's alphas ranging from .72 to .97. Construct validity was supported by statistically significant differences in mean scores among women with and without previous breastfeeding experience and by correlations between the scales and theoretically related constructs. Predictive validity was demonstrated by statistically significant lower scores among women who ultimately discontinued breastfeeding compared to those who did not.ConclusionThe BSES and BSES-SF appear to be valid and reliable measures of breastfeeding self-efficacy that may be used globally to (1) assess women who may be at risk of negative breastfeeding outcomes (e.g., initiation, duration and exclusivity), (2) individualize breastfeeding support, and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of breastfeeding interventions.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY IN PRIMIPAROUS PREGNANT WOMEN

Background/Purpose: Study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between social support and breastfeeding efficacy in primiparous pregnant women. Methods: The study, which was carried out as a descriptive and relational screening, was completed with the participation of 350 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. In the collection of the study data, a questionnaire form, Prenatal Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were employed. Results: In the present study, a positive relationship was determined between the pregnant women’s breastfeeding self-efficacy and perceived social support. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was concluded that as the social support provided to pregnant women in the prenatal period increased, their breastfeeding self efficacy also increased.

The effects of video-assisted breastfeeding education given to primiparous pregnant women on breastfeeding self-efficacy: randomized control study

BackgroundBreastfeeding is vitally important for the health of the mother, baby, family and society. Especially the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous pregnant women is an important factor in breastfeeding. This study was conducted to determine the effects of online video-supported breastfeeding education on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous pregnant women.MethodsThis randomized controlled study was conducted with primiparous pregnant women admitted to a university hospital in northern Turkey. The study involved 80 pregnant women, with 40 assigned to the experimental group and 40 to the control group. Participants in the intervention group received online video-assisted education, which covered the first meeting of the mother and baby as well as the initial breastfeeding session. The data for the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale were gathered at the onset of the study and three weeks later. In data analysis, categorical variables were assessed using the chi-square test, continuous variables and intergroup comparisons were conducted through the independent sample t-test, and intragroup comparisons were performed using the paired sample t-test.ResultsWhile the baseline breastfeeding self-efficacy levels of the primiparous pregnant women were similar between the groups, statistically significant differences were observed both within (p = 0.000) and between (p = 0.000) groups in the breastfeeding self-efficacy scores of pregnant women in the intervention group after the education intervention.ConclusionBreastfeeding self-efficacy levels in the education group showed a statistically significant increase compared to both the pre-education and control groups. This highlights the importance of nurses providing support to primiparous pregnant women through video-assisted education during pregnancy to enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06121973 date of first registration (27/10/2023), retrospectively registered (08/11/2023).

Fear of Childbirth and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Predictors of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Among Turkish Pregnant Women

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the fear of childbirth (FOC) and prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy, the factors affecting them, and the factors that predict breastfeeding self-efficacy among Turkish pregnant women. Methods: The research was of a descriptive and cross-sectional type. The study was conducted with 228 pregnant women who came to the obstetrics outpatients’ department at 28-40 weeks of gestation. Data were collected using an Individual Description Form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Scale (W-DEQ), and the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES). Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 28.09±4.29. The W-DEQ scores of the pregnant women were 66.50±11.38, and their PBSES scores were 63.71±4.43. More than half of the pregnant women (59.1%) experienced severe and clinical FOC. Prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy was significantly lower in pregnant women with severe and clinical FOC compared with those with mild and moderate FOC (p<0.001). There was a very low level negative correlation between FOC and PBSES (r= -0.277, p<0.001). W-DEQ, education level, duration of marriage, feeling about pregnancy and duration of breastfeeding were determined as predictors of PBSES (p<0.05, R2:0.472). Conclusion: It was found that the majority of pregnant women experienced levels of severe and clinical FOC and their prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy perceptions were moderate. Health professionals should provide education and counseling to pregnant women to reduce the fear of childbirth experienced by pregnant women and to improve their prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy. In this way, mother-child health will be protected both during pregnancy and in the postnatal period.

Enhancing breastfeeding self-efficacy in the postpartum period through emotional release with self-talk method

This study aimed to assess the impact of utilizing the "Happy Maternal Card," a self-talk intervention, on breastfeeding self-efficacy during the postpartum period. The research involved 28 mothers three days postpartum in Health Canter Care in Purwodadi regency, Indonesia, from February to March 2020, using a quasi-experimental pre-post design with a control group. The intervention group received self-talk sessions twice daily for a month, while the control group received information through a maternal book twice a week. Breastfeeding ability and independent infant care were measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Results indicated a significant decrease in anxiety (p-value=0.000) and a positive impact on breastfeeding self-efficacy in the intervention group (p-value=0.001). The positive suggestions of self-talk empowered mothers cognitively, enabling them to handle stress and believe in positive suggestions, ultimately influencing behavior. This self-talk method has the potential for postpartum care to enhance maternal efficacy in managing psychological aspects, contributing to the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

Effects of Face-to-Face Education Followed by Mobile Messaging to Primiparas on Maternal-Neonatal Care, Breastfeeding, and Motherhood Experience: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of education on breastfeeding and basic maternal-neonatal care and mobile message support given to primiparous women in the postpartum period on breastfeeding and motherhood experiences. This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in a hospital located in a city in Turkey, with 130 primiparous patients in the postpartum period (65 individuals in the experimental group and 65 individuals in the control group). Participants in the experimental group were provided with education on breastfeeding and basic maternal-neonatal care at the hospital, and mobile messages were sent with the same content as an education program for six weeks after discharge. Mean scores of the breastfeeding self-efficacy (58.95 vs. 54.87; P<.05) and breastfeeding attitude (60.80 vs. 57.55; P<.05) are significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Similarly, the mean score of satisfaction with the motherhood experience is significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group (22.95 vs. 26.46; P<.05). It was determined that 89.2% of the women in the experimental group were still breastfeeding; 93.8% of them did not have nipple problems, and 60% of them did not use a bottle or pacifier in the six-month postpartum period (P<.05). Education on breastfeeding and basic maternal-neonatal care given in the early postpartum period and mobile messages sent for six weeks after discharge may help to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding attitude, and maternal experience satisfaction among primiparous women.

Emotional intelligence and stress and their relationship with breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers of premature infants

BackgroundPremature infants need to be hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for long periods of time, which can increase anxiety and stress in their mothers. Additionally, the breastfeeding rate is lower among preterm infants. This study aimed to determine stress levels and emotional intelligence in mothers of preterm infants and their relationship with breastfeeding self-efficacy.MethodsThis descriptive-correlational study was performed with a convenience sampling of 210 mothers of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in Tabriz, Iran in 2021. Data collection tools included socio-demographic checklist, perceived stress scale (PSS14), Dennis’ breastfeeding self-efficacy scale, and the Schering emotional intelligence questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 via descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA and modified general linear model).ResultsStudy findings demonstrated that most of the mothers had low stress (75.2%) and high breastfeeding self-efficacy (61.9%). The mean (SD) of emotional intelligence of the participants was 88.18 (16.60), ranging from 33 to 165. The results of the general linear model by modifying the demographic characteristics showed that the variables of emotional intelligence (B = 0.23, P = 0.03), stress (B=-0.56, P = 0.01), gestational age (B = 2.81, P < 0.001) and number of deliveries (B = 9.41, P < 0.001) were predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy.ConclusionThe findings showed that mothers of preterm infants had low emotional intelligence, and the majority of them had low perceived stress and high breastfeeding self-efficacy. Findings highlight the importance of addressing maternal stress and enhancing emotional intelligence to promote successful breastfeeding in mothers of preterm infants. Healthcare providers and managers are encouraged to offer support and educational programs to mothers of preterm infants, aiming to enhance their emotional intelligence. Further research and interventions focusing on these factors are warranted to improve the overall well-being of both mothers and infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Use of drama for improving breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy among rural pregnant women from selected communities in two Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Breastfeeding self-efficacy (BFSE) is a key variable that enhances exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and promotes positive health outcomes for infants and their mothers. To increase BFSE and EBF of mothers, numerous interventions targeting prenatal and postnatal periods have been developed. However, there is paucity of studies utilizing drama interventions for improving BFSE and EBF. This study assessed the effect of a drama intervention on BFSE, initiation, and EBF of pregnant women in rural communities in Lagelu and Egbeda Local Government Areas (LGAs), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with pregnant women in their second trimester. Selected communities from Lagelu and Egbeda LGAs were randomized into experimental and control groups. A total of 200 pregnant women (100 experimental and 100 control groups) were enlisted and followed-up at one, three and six months postnatal periods. A six-session programme comprising four episodes of drama and two sessions on hygiene practices were presented to experimental groups prior to delivery, while the control group received health talk on hygiene practices. Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (ODK) was used to obtain information on socio-demographic, BFSE, initiation, and EBF at prenatal and postnatal periods. BSFE scores were categorized as low (14-32), average (33-51), and high (52-70). Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze data at α0.05. Mean ages of women were 28.4 ±6.5 and 27.0±6.2years in experimental and control groups respectively. Average and high BFSE pre-intervention (11.0%; 89.0% and 9.0%; 91.0%) and six months post-intervention (97.3%;100% and 95.2%; 95%) for experimental and control groups. Age, marital status, and occupation were predictors of BFSE, breastfeeding initiation and EBF at (R2 = 22.3; p<0.05). The experimental group had an increase in BFSE, initiation, and EBF practice compared to control group. The use of drama intervention is recommended for effective breastfeeding practices.

Development of a Protocol for the Direct Breastfeeding of Premature Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

This study aimed to develop a direct breastfeeding protocol for premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and investigate its efficacy. Direct breastfeeding increases the amount and duration of breastfeeding. However, NICUs have low direct feeding rates owing to medical staff anxiety, lack of knowledge and experience, and fear of overwork. Accordingly, this study developed a protocol for direct breastfeeding in the NICU and evaluated its effect. The protocol was developed through a literature review, expert validation, and preliminary investigation. Its application effects were identified using a nonexperimental, evidence-based research design targeting premature infants, their mothers, and NICU nurses. The protocol comprised 5 areas and 23 items. Application of the protocol resulted in continuous weight gain of the infants and increased self-efficacy in the mothers' direct breastfeeding ( t = 3.219, P = .004). Significant increases were noted in NICU nurses' direct breastfeeding activities ( t = 3.93, P < .001), breastfeeding rates in the NICU ( P = .037), and direct breastfeeding rates ( P = .007). Results underscore the value of an evidence-based protocol for improving breastfeeding rates in premature infants. This study highlights the need for continuous nursing education on protocol applications and human resource support.

Gravidade da anquiloglossia em bebês: dor materna, autoeficácia e aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze functional aspects of breastfeeding, self-efficacy, and pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding, in newborns with severe and mild ankyloglossia. Methods: This is an observational study, carried out with 81 babies with ankyloglossia, assessed by the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (severe: scores 0–3; mild: scores 4–6) nested in a cohort carried out at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil. The functional aspects of breastfeeding were analyzed using the Breastfeeding Observation Form of the United Nations Children's Fund (BOF-UNICEF) and the LATCH Scoring System. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Pain indicators were evaluated by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Maternal age was 26.7±0.8 years, and 64.2% reported high school education. Most babies were male (67.9%), and the birth weight was 3232±60g. A significant association was detected in the sucking aspect evaluated by the BOF-UNICEF [β=0.22 (95%CI 0.07; 0.73), p-value=0.013]. However, the groups did not differ in the assessment of breastfeeding performed by the LATCH scale. The groups had no differences in the assessment of breastfeeding self-efficacy reported by mothers, and in pain scores. Conclusions: Despite the observation of sucking difficulty in infants with severe ankyloglossia., the quality of breastfeeding in general, maternal pain, and self-efficacy reported by mothers do not differ when compared with infants with mild ankyloglossia. Therefore, the severity of ankyloglossia seems not to affect the breastfeeding indicators.

Effect of smartphone application-assisted nursing intervention on breastfeeding self-efficacy of postpartum women with multiple sclerosis

Objective. This study aimed to study the effect of mobile application-assisted nursing intervention on exclusive breastfeeding-self efficacy of postpartum multiple sclerosis women.. Materials and Methods: The researchers utilized a quasi-experimental research design (case-control). The study was conducted at the maternal and child health centers (MCH) at Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. A purposive sample of 50 multiple sclerosis postpartum women was the target population of the present study. Three instruments were used for data collection. A structured interviewing questionnaire, breastfeeding self-efficacy scale and relation between breastfeeding and postpartum multiple sclerosis relapse questionnaire. Results and discussion: There was a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding self-management during postpartum period. The improvements were related to mothers’ relationships with their health care providers and knowledge and information about multiple sclerosis during this transitional phase, which indicated that the nursing intervention had positive effect on postpartum women with multiple sclerosis. Conclusion: Postpartum women with multiple sclerosis have a satisfactory level of breastfeeding self-efficacy after mobile application-assisted nursing intervention. Hence conducting a multidisciplinary program to monitor and support mothers with MS improves self-management during the postpartum period.

Penguatan Efikasi Diri Menyusui Ibu Bekerja Melalui Edukasi Berbasis Media Informasi

The lowest coverage of exclusive breastfeeding was in Kalimantan (37.5%). The target of exclusive breastfeeding in Banjar district was only 28.73% achieved. The results of research that has been conducted on the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy for working mothers and exclusive breastfeeding, the results state that psychological conditions are the factor most related to exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this community service activity is to strengthen the knowledge of mothers in Cahaya PAUD about “Strengthening Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy for Working Mothers”. The educational method used is the two way method, namely question and answer using leaflet media. This media makes it easier for mothers to discuss with the service team while education is given. This activity provides reinforcement to the mother that psychological conditions will be related to exclusive breastfeeding

In-Hospital Formula Feeding Hindered Exclusive Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy as a Mediating Factor.

Breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE), defined as a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed, has been confirmed to predict the uptake of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Early experiences during the birth hospital stay, especially in-hospital formula feeding (IHFF), can impact both EBF and maternal breastfeeding confidence. Therefore, our objective was to examine the association between IHFF and EBF outcomes and investigate whether this association is influenced by BSE. The study included 778 infants from a larger cohort study conducted in 2021, with a one-year follow-up in rural areas of Sichuan Province, China. We used a causal mediation analysis to estimate the total effect (TE), natural direct (NDE), and nature indirect effects (NIE) using the paramed command in Stata. Causal mediation analyses revealed that IHFF was negatively associated with EBF (TE odds ratio = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.76); 28% of this association was mediated by BSE. In the subgroup analysis, there were no significant differences in the effects between parity subgroups, as well as between infant delivery subgroups. Our study found that IHFF hindered later EBF and that BSE mediated this association. Limiting the occurrence of in-hospital formula feeding or improving maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy is likely to improve exclusive breastfeeding outcomes.