Breastfeeding Problems Research Articles

EFEKTIFITAS HYPNOBREASFEEDING TERHADAP KELANCARAN PEMBERIAN ASI PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI PUSKESMAS BIARO

<div><strong><em>Early breastfeeding initiation (IMD) is one of the actions that can influence the success of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. Many problems of breastfeeding are caused by the inability of production and expenditure of breast milk, so mothers are forced to provide additional food at early ages (0-6 months), including in the work area of Biaro Health Center which still has problems with achieving exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of hypnobreastfeeding on breastfeeding at Biaro Health Center in Agam Regency in 2018. This type of research is Quasy Experimental Design with the Two Group Post Test approach. This research was conducted in July - December 2018 in the Biaro Health Center with a population of all postpartum mothers, as many as 23 people. Sampling by purposive sampling with a sample of 20 people. Data collection used observation sheets, data analysis included univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using parametric statistics, namely independent t-test. The results showed that the average breastfeeding measured by the frequency of BAK in 24 hours in the intervention group was 7.7 and in the control group was 5.1 times. There is a difference in the average breastfeeding measured by BAK infants between the intervention group and the control group with an average difference of 2.6 times and p-value = 0.011. It was concluded that the administration of hypnobreasfeeding interventions was effective in increasing breastfeeding. For this reason, it is</em></strong><strong><em> expected that all parties, especially health officials, can develop non-pharmacological techniques to increase breastfeeding, one of which is by providing hypnobreastfeeding interventions that have proven effective in improving breastfeeding.</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></div><br /><div><br /><strong><em></em></strong></div><strong><em> Keywords :</em></strong><strong><em> Hypnobreastfeeding, breastfeeding</em></strong>

Prevalence of Dental Caries in Children in Mymensingh and Its Associated Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Children suffer from various oral and periodontal diseases. Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases among children in the world. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries in children in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 362 pediatric patients who attended the Dental Unit of Mymensingh Medical College from March to September 2019. The sample size was calculated using a statistical formula and the children were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Children and their guardians were interviewed and data were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 82.7%. The prevalence of caries was significantly higher in aged children (8–10 years) and also in rural, low-income, and illiterate families. Seven significant risk factors were identified that included residence in the rural area (OR: 7.31 [1.73–30.83]), a parental income of BDT ≤ 20,000 per month (OR: 4.75 [1.49–15.05]), reduced duration (≤1 min) of teeth cleaning (OR: 18.54 [2.05–168.17]), teeth cleaning before breakfast (OR: 93.30 [10.95–795.32]), the spoon-feeding method (OR: 12.57 [2.09–75.61]), long-term (37–48 months) breastfeeding (OR: 212.53 [8.69–5195.25]), and family oral problem (OR: 8.20 [2.57–26.16]). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries among the children in Mymensingh is very high and was associated with residence in rural areas, parental income, reduced duration of teeth cleaning, teeth cleaning before breakfast, the spoon-feeding method, long-term breastfeeding, and family oral problems.

Support experiences of mothers with breastfeeding problems: A qualitative study.

Understanding mothers with problems regarding support is important for planning care, directing interventions, and ensuring the continuity of breastfeeding. This is a qualitative analytic study. Data were collected by using questions about socio-demographic characteristics and semi-structured interview questions. The research sample consisted of 15 mothers who met the participation criteria and volunteered to participate. Most of the mothers stated that they want to be supported when they need it, they want positive support, they do not want to be compared with other mothers and they care about professional support. Social support given without ignoring the feelings and expectations of the woman during the breastfeeding process will positively affect the process.

METHODS OF LABOR ANALGESIA BY DETERMING THE LEVEL OF CHILDBIRTH SATISFACTION

Introduction. Woman’s satisfaction with childbirth is associated with adequate labor analgesia [1]. Negative labor experience could increase the risk of poor mother-child connection, breastfeeding problems [2], and decreased desire for elective caesarian section [3]. Effective management of labor pain and positive childbirth experience improve the quality of maternity care [4]. Aim. Explore correlation between different pharmacological/non-pharmacological methods of labor analgesia at ‘’home’’/hospital environment with positive childbirth experience. Methods and materials: There are 321 women who completed questionnaire of childbirth experience. Survey consists of 4 parts: ‘’own capacity’’, ‘’professional support’’, ‘’perceived safety’’, ‘’participation’’. In postpartum period, women were divided into 4 groups with: patient-control epidural analgesia (PCEA) (n=217), nitrous oxide (50:50) (n=18), alternative methods of labor analgesia in ‘’home’’ environment (n=46) and hospital birth without pharmacological analgesia (n=40). Logistic regression was used to analyze the risks. Results. The study shown the risk of unsatisfactory assessment of Childbirth Experience Questionnaire in the sections “perceived safety” (p=0,034, OR=2,03 (95% CІ 1,06–3,86)), ‘’professional support’’ (p=0,006, (OR=2,58 (95% CІ 1,31–5,07)), increased for patients with severe pain (VAS 7 points), compared with patients for VAS <7 points. PCEA is considered to be standard of labor analgesia and is not associated with the risk of unsatisfactory assessment in sections “perceived safety” and ‘’own capacity’’ (p>0,05). Nitrous oxide and alternative methods of analgesia shown higher rates of childbirth satisfaction in the sections ’’participation’’ (p=0,029, OR=0,48 (95% CІ 0,25–0,93), ‘’own capacity’’(р=0,040), and low rates in ‘’professional support’’ (p=0,029, OR=1,91 (95% CІ 1,07–3,41). Conclusions. An effective strategy to increase level of childbirth satisfaction is to provide positive communication with women and to inform about risk of using pharmacological/ non-pharmacological labor analgesia

STUDI KASUS: PENTINGNYA ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF UNTUK MENCEGAH DAN MENGATASI BENDUNGAN ASI PADA IBU POSTPARTUM

Breast engorgement is one of the problems that often occurs during puerperium. Many factors can affect the occurrence of breast engorgement, including the lack of breastfeeding intensity, no breast care during pregnancy, abnormalities in the nipples and the lack of knowledge of the mother. Breast engorgement will greatly affect the fulfillment of the babies needs for breastmilk which is the only best food for them to help their growth and development. This case study describes how the occurrence of breast engorgement and the efforts to deal with it in Mrs. S, a 22-years-old primipara. The efforts to handle breast engorgement in this case were carried out by teaching the Mrs. S and her family how to care for breast and nipples, how to breastfeed properly, and providing education to increase her knowledge. The midwifery care provided can help Mrs. S to overcome breast engorgement and breastfeed her baby normally. Midwifery care related to preparation for breastfeeding needs to be carried out from pregnancy to postpartum period comprehensively. Thus, mothers can prevent and overcome breastfeeding problems independently so that exclusive breastfeeding for six months can be achieved.

FAKTOR DUKUNGAN SUAMI DAN PERAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN MENYUSUI EKSLUSIF

Breastfeeding is a process that occurs naturally but breastfeeding needs to be studied, especially by mothers who are first-time babies so that they know how to breastfeed properly and can overcome breastfeeding problems. Based on the results of the 2018 Riskesdas, the proportion of breastfeeding patterns for infants aged 0-5 months in Indonesia is 37.3% exclusive breastfeeding, 9.3% partial breastfeeding, and 3.3% predominant breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the success of breastfeeding in mothers who have babies aged 6-12 months. The type of research used in this study is quantitative using a descriptive analytic design with a sampling technique in this study using consecutive sampling. The results of the research that have been carried out obtained results based on univariate analysis showing that 22 (41.4%). (45.3%), which is a little bit compared to those who do not get husband's support as many as 31 (54.7%), who get a role from the family as many as 20 (37.7%), fewer than those who do not get a family role of 33 (62 ,3%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of husband's support on the success of exclusive breastfeeding with a P value of 0.048 and not on the influence of family roles on the success of exclusive breastfeeding with a P value of 0.066.

“I had to try all the things that I could:” A Qualitative Study of Breastfeeding Mothers’ Experience With Trying to Increase Their Milk Supply

ObjectivesPerceived insufficient milk is a primary contributor to early breastfeeding cessation worldwide. Breastfeeding mothers may consume specific foods, beverages, and herbal supplements, or use behavioral strategies to boost milk production, however, research on this topic is limited, especially in the United States (US). The purpose of this study was to qualitatively describe US breastfeeding mothers’ experiences with trying to increase their milk supply.MethodsBreastfeeding mothers of infants ages birth to 24 months in the US who reported current or previous use of foods, beverages, or herbal supplements to increase milk supply were purposefully sampled from a larger cross-sectional survey study. Individual interviews were conducted by phone with each participant using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants (N = 19) identified with diverse racial and ethnic identities, had a range of educational experiences, residential community types (i.e., urban, rural, suburban), WIC participation, and infant ages. Most had prior breastfeeding experience. Mothers expressed determination and commitment to breastfeeding but struggled to breastfeed and increase their milk supply. Therefore, they sought information and support from multiple sources. Mothers used individualized approaches to address milk supply concerns, while taking into consideration factors such as recommendations from others, and the convenience, taste, cost, and perceived safety of potential galactagogues. At the time of the interview, most mothers had resolved their breastfeeding problems or came to accept their breastfeeding journey.ConclusionsResults highlight numerous opportunities for lactation support professionals to address perceived insufficient milk and to guide breastfeeding parents toward safe and effective strategies for increasing breast milk production.Funding SourcesNone.

Implementation and Effectiveness of Breastfeeding Policies in the Philippines Are Limited by Structural and Individual Barriers

ObjectivesTo determine the content, implementation, and effectiveness of policies aimed at improving breastfeeding practices in the Philippines.MethodsThis study used mixed methods, including a desk review of relevant policies and documents and in-depth interviews with 100 caregivers, workers, employers, health workers, and policymakers.ResultsAlthough the Philippines has a strong regulatory framework to protect breastfeeding, the implementation and effectiveness of breastfeeding policies are limited by structural and individual barriers. Structural barriers include: a lack of consistent breastfeeding promotion, limited access to skilled counselling support from health system to community level, and limited breastfeeding support in workplaces for working mothers. Inappropriate marketing of commercial milk formula, including cross-promotion and engagement of industry representatives with health professionals, persists due to gaps in legal provisions and weak monitoring and enforcement of the Philippine Milk Code. Individual barriers include failure to address early breastfeeding problems, misconceptions that undermine breastfeeding, limited knowledge and skills of health workers and caregivers, and lack of support from family members.ConclusionsBreastfeeding promotion, protection, and support policies in the Philippines are consistent with global standards, but their effectiveness for improving breastfeeding practices can be improved by addressing persistent barriers at the structural and individual levels.Funding SourcesBill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant Number OPP50838) and Irish Aid.

Well-Informed and Willing, but Breastfeeding Does Not Work: A Qualitative Study on Perceived Support from Health Professionals among German Mothers with Breastfeeding Problems.

Although exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life, a large number of women worldwide do not practice it successfully. Our study aimed to investigate the perceived support from health professionals for women who experienced difficulties in breastfeeding. Furthermore, we examined women’s knowledge about breastfeeding and motivation to breastfeed. We conducted a qualitative exploratory study (June to October 2019) among 15 women who had experienced breastfeeding problems in Germany. Semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis following Mayring’s approach. Prior to giving birth, the women’s motivation to breastfeed and theoretical knowledge were high, and breastfeeding problems were not anticipated. Difficulties in breastfeeding after giving birth created a highly demanding situation for the mothers. Health professionals were either perceived as very supportive, for example, by providing helpful technical advice or being emotional assistance, or they could be perceived as nonhelpful, thereby worsening the situation, for example, by pressuring the women to breastfeed or making improper remarks. Adequate support for young mothers in childbed consists of the provision of useful and realistic information concerning breastfeeding and a sensitive treatment when breastfeeding problems occur. Paying attention to this specific group of women who are experiencing difficulties in breastfeeding may improve maternal and child well-being and potentially enable breastfeeding.

Mothers’ strategies for creating positive breastfeeding experiences: a critical incident study from Northern Sweden

BackgroundPositive breastfeeding experiences positively influence subsequent attitudes towards breastfeeding, and increase mothers’ confidence, self-efficacy, motivation and intention to breastfeed. However, the strategies that mothers find useful and effective for creating positive breastfeeding experiences remain largely unknown. The aim of our study was thus to describe experience-based knowledge from mothers about strategies for creating positive breastfeeding experiences.MethodsThe study followed a qualitative design involving the critical incident technique. Data were collected with an online survey containing open-ended questions that was administered to a Sweden-based parenting group on Facebook in September 2018. Ultimately, 340 incidents from 176 women were identified as offering strategies for creating positive breastfeeding experiences. Data from the written replies were extracted as textual units, condensed and categorised until categories were mutually exclusive, which resulted in six categories.ResultsParticipating women were on average 31.2 years old and the median number of children per participant was two. Mothers’ strategies for creating positive breastfeeding experiences generally included being calm and accepting that initiating breastfeeding takes time and can be difficult initially. Participants described feeling close to the baby by maintaining skin-to-skin contact and being present in the moment by taking time to appreciate the child and the breastfeeding situation, and temporarily forgetting about the world and simply being with the child in the here and now. Participants advocated baby-led breastfeeding and following correct techniques. They also described the importance of keeping an effortless mindset about breastfeeding to prevent perceiving breastfeeding as a compulsion. Mothers described acquiring knowledge about breastfeeding so that they could be prepared if breastfeeding problems occurred and getting support from professionals and family was described as significant for having a positive breastfeeding experience. Caring for oneself and one’s body, with aids if necessary, were described as important strategies, as were having a positive attitude and a strong desire to breastfeed.ConclusionBecause positive breastfeeding experiences and support are predictors of future breastfeeding initiation and duration, assisting women in creating positive breastfeeding experiences is important. Asking mothers to formulate strategies that they find useful could facilitate breastfeeding by making their approaches more conscious and visible.

Knowledge of Breastfeeding among Health Workers in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

All health workers who care for women and children during the postnatal period and beyond are key players in protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding. However, most health workers do not have the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively play their roles. This study aims to assess the knowledge about breastfeeding among health workers. This was a cross-sectional study among 220 health workers at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. A 32-point questionnaire based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) manual on the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Training Course for Maternity Staff was used to assess the knowledge of the health workers. Scores of >50% were classified as good knowledge and <50% as poor knowledge. The overall good knowledge about breastfeeding was 51.8%. The majority (80.0%), had good knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding and 169 (76.8%) of health workers had good knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and the timing of breastfeeding. Good knowledge about the importance of colostrum was 27.7%, 91 (41.4%) health workers had good knowledge of birth practices that affect breastfeeding, and only 72 (32%) health workers had good knowledge about the problems of breastfeeding. In conclusion, the overall knowledge about breastfeeding among health workers in this study was not satisfactory. To breach this gap, hospitals should ensure that their staff has sufficient knowledge, competence and skill to support breastfeeding.

Impact of the covid 19 pandemic on the process of exclusive breastfeeding

COVID 19 is a period pandemic in various countries. The health impacts during pandemic are all age groups including pregnant woman, mothers giving birth, and newborns. Breastfeeding during pandemic requires special attention because of the short term and log term health implications. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the pandemic COVID 19 on the success of exclusive breastfeeding. The research design was qualitative with in-depth interview data collection methods on 7 participants. The sample was selected according to the inclusion criteria, namely mothers who gave birth during pandemic and when data were collected on children aged 6-12 months old. Researchers as the main instrument in the study and interview guides as a reference for questions. The results of the interviews will be written in the form of transcripts and then analyzed using thematic analysis methods to obtain research themes. From the results of data analysis obtained 3 research themes. The first theme is early breasfeeding initiation, the second is the problems faced after delivery, and the third is the practice of exclusive breasfeeding. These results indicate that mothers need to get education and support related to breastfeeding. Health workers can facilitate the practice early breasfeeding initiation, assist mothers in solving breastfeeding problems and provide aducation regarding breastfeeding self efficacy.

Why are breastfeeding rates declining in Iran? A qualitative study on three centers in Tehran

Background and objective: This qualitative study was conducted to identify obstacles to breastfeeding and provide strategies for promoting its practice in Tehran based on the experiences and perceptions of breastfeeding mothers. Methods: Data were first collected through focus group discussions with 51 breastfeeding mothers admitted to Vali Asr Hospital in the Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex and two health centers in Tehran. We held follow-up in-depth interviews with 26 mothers over a year postpartum or until breastfeeding was discontinued. Results: The most important barriers to breastfeeding were (1) Physical condition of the mother, including lack of vigor, physical weakness, weight loss, inappropriate nutrition, nipple-related problems, inadequate breast milk, changes in body shape, and maternal and neonatal diseases. (2) Health care system, including (a) Hospital-related problems included (i) Providing educational services related to breastfeeding, (ii) Problems related to the behaviors of hospital staff, and breastfeeding problems related to cesarean delivery. (3) Emotional and psychosocial aspects of breastfeeding, including emotional support from husband and family, dislike of breastfeeding in public places, stress and mental pressure, and maternal employment. Conclusion: Politicians in the field of health can exert a considerable effect on breastfeeding practice and its continuation by providing early intervention designed to increase awareness of breastfeeding among young girls, training health staff in offering breastfeeding support, and ensuring contact between mother and infant. Also, provide support services, such as extended maternity leaves, daycare facilities in the workplace, and breastfeeding counseling centers. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of the interventions currently proposed in the Iranian context.

The Effect of Circular and Oscillating Breast Massage on the Amount of Breast Milk Produced: An Innovative Method.

Background: In addition to suffering stress and anxiety owing to being separated from their babies, mothers whose babies are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units suffer breastfeeding problems. Moreover, their breast milk production may decrease over time. Objective: Examining the effect of circular and oscillating breast massage on the amount of breast milk produced. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study used a pretest-posttest model. The participants included 120 mothers (experimental group: 60, control group: 60) who went to a breast milk pumping unit of a hospital between December 1, 2017, and July 31, 2019. A circular and oscillating breast massage device was used to massage both breasts for 10 to 15 minutes, three times a day, for 3 days, and milk production was measured daily. The sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions regarding breast massage, and daily breast milk amounts of the mothers were collected. Results: The average age of the mothers that participated in the study was 30.21 ± 5.58 years; the average birth week of their babies was 32.31 ± 4.10 weeks. There were no significant differences in the mothers' amounts of milk production before the procedure in the experimental and control groups. In the study group, milk production increased by 7.92%, 5.25%, and 5.02% on days 1, 2, and 3 of the procedure, respectively. The mothers' total amount of milk production before and after the procedure (3 days) increased by 22.28%. Significant differences were found between the study groups on days 1, 2, and 3 and the total amount of milk produced after the procedure. Conclusion: Our study found circular and oscillating breast massage increased the amount of breast milk produced and decreased breast pain and swelling. Similar studies on the clinical use of this treatment should be conducted in line with the results of this study.

A Qualitative Exploration of the Reasons for Expressed Human Milk Feeding Informed by the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory.

There is an increasing prevalence of expressed human milk feeding. The reasons for expressed human milk feeding of healthy term infants may differ from those for preterm infants. The process of adopting expressed human milk feeding for healthy full-term infants has not been well-described in the existing literature. To describe the reasons for, and antecedents to, expressed human milk feeding among Chinese women who used a high proportion of expressed human milk for feeding. A descriptive, prospective cross-sectional qualitative design was used. Participants (N = 25) who used a high proportion of expressed human milk feeding were recruited from a larger perspective cohort study in two public hospitals in Hong Kong. Semi-structured, in-depth, one-to-one interviews were conducted 2017-2018. Data collection and thematic analysis were guided by the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory. The authors conducted thematic analysis and identified six core themes: (1) perceived maternal roles; (2) breastfeeding role models; (3) negative feedback from social networks; (4) negative direct breastfeeding experiences; (5) expressed human milk feeding as a solution to a problem; and (6) advice from health care professionals to express human milk. These themes were consistent with the four antecedents of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory (e.g., physiological and affective state, vicarious experiences, performance accomplishments, and verbal persuasion). The main reason for participants to feed expressed human milk was experiencing difficulties with direct breastfeeding. Expressed human milk feeding was used as an immediate solution for breastfeeding problems. Strengthening breastfeeding support in the early postpartum period may decrease the perceived need for human milk expression.

Determinants of breastfeeding self-efficacy among postpartum women in rural China: A cross-sectional study.

Breastfeeding self-efficacy is known to positively influence breastfeeding behaviors. While previous research has studied the determinants of breastfeeding self-efficacy in general, these determinants are unstudied among postpartum women in rural China. This study aims to describe the breastfeeding self-efficacy of postpartum women in rural China and identify determinants of breastfeeding self-efficacy using the Dennis breastfeeding self-efficacy framework. Using a multi-stage random cluster sampling design, cross-sectional survey data were collected from 787 women within the 0-6 months postpartum period in 80 rural townships. Surveys collected data on breastfeeding self-efficacy, characteristics related to the Dennis breastfeeding self-efficacy framework, and demographic characteristics. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify determinants of breastfeeding self-efficacy. Participants reported a moderate level of breastfeeding self-efficacy, with an item mean score of 3.50. Self-efficacy was lowest for exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding attitudes (β = 0.088, P< 0.001), breastfeeding family support (β = 0.168, P< 0.001), and social support from significant others (β = 0.219, P< 0.001) were positively associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy. Breastfeeding problems, including trouble with latching (β = -0.170, P< 0.001), not producing enough milk (β = -0.148, P< 0.001), and milk taking too long to secrete (β = -0.173, P< 0.001) were negatively associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy. The findings indicate that positive attitudes, breastfeeding family support and social support contribute to greater breastfeeding self-efficacy in rural China, whereas difficulties with breastfeeding are associated with reduced self-efficacy. Researchers and practitioners should investigate effective strategies to improve social support and family support for breastfeeding, promote positive attitudes towards breastfeeding, and provide women with actionable solutions to breastfeeding problems.

The Frenotomy Efficacy in Gaining Weight of Exclusively Breastfed Infant with Ankyloglossia

Background: Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, is a condition in which the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth through the frenulum, causing limited tongue movement. Short frenulum variations cause reduced anterior tongue movement resulting in breastfeeding, swallowing, articulation, and orthodontics problems. These abnormalities in infants cause breastfeeding problems that affect infants' weight gain, malocclusion, and speech disorders. Frenotomy in infant ankyloglossia is performed if there are problems with breastfeeding, poor sucking, slow weight gain, and recurrent mastitis. With this indication, we need to observed the efficacy of frenotomy done before the age of 1 month, and the frenotomy done at 1-3 months old in gaining weight of exclusively breastfed infants with ankyloglossia. Materials and Methods: A observational retrospective cohort method from patient medical records in a private hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. The research subject is a total sampling patient medical records secondary data and collected 68 subjects. The Subjects are divided into two groups, the first group was patients whose frenotomy was done before the age of 1 month, and the second group was patients whose frenotomy was done at 1-3 months old. We assessed the weight gain between the two groups. The data were analyzed and compared the percentage of weight gain before and after frenotomy. Results: The percentage of weight gain before and after frenotomy shows that in the first group, there was a percentage gain of 11.4% in body weight of the subjects and during post-frenotomy control, the percentage of weight gain in this group increased to 111, 4%. In the second group, the percentage of weight gain before the frenotomy was 70.6%, while the post-frenotomy control was only 57.7%. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the efficacy of frenotomy in gaining weight of exclusively breastfed infants with ankyloglossia. There was a significant difference in the weight gain of infants with ankyloglossia who underwent frenotomy at the age of exclusive breastfeeding, before the age of 1 month and between the ages of 1 to 3 months.

POSITION AND ATTACHMENT MODEL OF EXPENDITURE COLOSTRUM AND BREAST MILK PRODUCTION USING THE TRIANGULAR OF LOVE THEORY APPROACH

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the natural process of becoming a mother. However, not all mothers can breastfeed with the correct breastfeeding technique, causing problems in breastfeeding and affecting milk production. Methods: This study analyzes the model of colostrum and breast milk production using the Triangle of love theory approach. The research design was a descriptive, explanatory survey. The sample was 95 breastfeeding mothers using the multistage random sampling technique. The sample criteria were mothers breastfeeding infants aged 0-6 months with spontaneous delivery in two public health centers in Sidoarjo regency. Data analysis using structural equation test-partial least square (PLS). Result: The results showed that there was an effect of health workers on colostrum and breast milk production (T = 1.423), there was a lifestyle effect on position and attachment (T = 1.475), and there was an effect of position and attachment on colostrum and breast milk production (T = 2.142). Conclusion: The position and attachment of breastfeeding using the Triangle of love theory approach can help increase colostrum and milk production of nursing mothers. Keywords: attachment, breastfeeding position, triangle of love

Evaluation of a new lactation device \u2018Lactamo\u2019 designed to apply massage, heat or cold, and compression to the breast

BackgroundCommon approaches to manage breastfeeding problems such as pain, blocked ducts, and milk production issues include breast compression, breast massage, application of warmth or cold, medications, and breastmilk expression. Several devices are available to apply heat or cold to the breast, however, none promote breast compression and/or massage simultaneously. A new device ‘Lactamo’ has been developed to address this.MethodsThis study was a pre-market evaluation of the Lactamo device. The aims were to determine user safety, and satisfaction of Lactamo. The study was conducted in an Australian tertiary maternity hospital in 2019–2020. Women who were less than 3 months post-partum and were currently breastfeeding participated in the study. We conducted structured telephone surveys at 1 and 4 weeks post supply of Lactamo. Questions included demographic information, feedback on safety, usage, and perceived benefits of Lactamo.ResultsThe cohort (n = 30) consisted of equal number of primiparous and multiparous women, 50% were born in Australia and the remainder from 11 other countries. A total of 41 telephone surveys were conducted with 27 women. Of these, 26 (96%) had used Lactamo, and the one that did not, felt she did not have a lactation concern to warrant using it. All women indicated that the device was safe to use and had no concerns, apart from one woman who experienced itching because of the device but continued to use it over clothing as she found it beneficial. Most women used it at room temperature or warmed. The frequency of use varied from once per week (17%) to daily (33%), and use was often prompted by a lactation concern such as engorgement, pain, blocked ducts, and low supply.ConclusionLactamo was found to be safe, and a valuable aid for breastfeeding women. More research is needed to understand the efficacy of the device in treating breastfeeding problems such as pain, blocked ducts, and milk production issues.

MATERNAL ATTACHMENT STATES OF MOTHERS OF INFANTS WITH AND WITHOUT GROWTH RETARDATION

This study was carried out to determine the maternal attachment status of mothers of babies with and without developmental delay. The study is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. It was conducted between November 2017 and February 2018 in the Infant Clinic of a Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul. The study sample consisted of mothers of infants aged 1-4 months with and without developmental delay who were treated in the same clinic. Data were collected using a Questionnaire with descriptive information about the baby and family, and the Maternal Attachment Scale. While evaluating the data; descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test were used. It was determined that the mothers in the groups were closely attached to their babies whether they had developmental delays or not, and the difference was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). However, mothers of babies with developmental delays had more unplanned pregnancies, faced breastfeeding problems and had problems in the care of their babies. It has been observed that mothers who have babies with developmental delays experience inadequacy in baby care and need support. According to this result, it may be beneficial to increase the support given to mothers and their babies for care and to create a suitable environment that will strengthen mother-infant bonding.