Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Research Articles

Breastfeeding Practices and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy of Mothers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose: The research was conducted to examine the breastfeeding practices and breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.
 Material and Methods: The research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Between February and April 2021, the data for the research was collected using electronic surveys produced with Google Forms. The study's sample consisted of 220 women who were contacted in this manner and met the study's inclusion criteria. Data was collected using a Data Collection Form and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES).
 Results: The mothers' mean BSES score was found to be 49.84±12.12. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the mothers' state of being affected by the breastfeeding process during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the place where the baby slept during the breastfeeding period, and the mean scores of the BSES (p

The relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and gender roles in postpartum women

ABSTRACT Breastfeeding self-efficacy is important for the achievement and maintenance of breastfeeding. For this reason, it is important to investigate the physical, psychological, social, and cultural factors that may affect breastfeeding self-efficacy. This study sought to investigate how gender roles affect breastfeeding self-efficacy. The study had a descriptive, cross-sectional, and co-relational design and was conducted on 213 postpartum women. The data collection tools of the study were the “Demographic Data Collection Form,” “BEM Gender Roles Inventory” and “Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form.” Percentages, means, and standard deviation served as the visual representation of descriptive statistics. The difference between the mean scores on the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale according to gender roles was investigated using one-way analysis of variance. In order to identify which measurement was the result of the difference, dependent groups underwent a t-test with Bonferroni correction. Among the women participating in the study, 39.9 percent had feminine, 35.2 percent androgynous, 14.1 percent masculine, and 10.8 percent ambiguous gender roles. It was concluded that women with androgynous gender roles have the highest level of breastfeeding self-efficacy in comparison other gender roles. Considering the inadequacy of education on breastfeeding or lack of counseling service providers for women’s gender roles, there emerged a need for supportive care initiatives for the improvement of breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Prevalence and Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice among Breastfeeding Mothers in Kathmandu, Nepal

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for up to six months has several benefits for children in reducing their morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of EBF practice and its influencing factors.
 Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 362 breastfeeding mothers attending selected health facilities in the Kathmandu district. Data were collected using structured questionnaires through a face-to-face interview. The knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and social support of breastfeeding were assessed by Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) and Exclusive Breastfeeding Social Support Scale (EBSSS) scales respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, through SPSS.
 Results: The prevalence of EBF practices for the six months was 64.1%. The higher proportion (99.2%) of the respondents had high self-efficacy for breastfeeding, 95.3% of the respondents had positive attitudes toward EBF, and 89.8% had high social support for EBF practices. The determinant of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale was being a Hindu religion (aOR 6.1, 95% CI, 2.23-16.58). The determinants of the exclusive breastfeeding social support scale were being a mother who did colostrum feeding (aOR 11.8, 95% CI, 2.29-61.14), had institutional delivery (aOR 7.4, 95% CI, 2.21-24.54), and had school level education (aOR 3.6, 95% CI, 1.54-8.53). The determinants of EBF practices were of being an unemployed mother (aOR 2.7, 95%CI, 1.40-5.07) and mothers aged 26 year-old and below (aOR 1.7, 95%CI, 1.08-2.64).
 Conclusion: Findings reveal that high level of knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and social support towards exclusive breastfeeding, but the prevalence of EBF practice is still low, so it should be promoted by having targeted intervention programs for mothers who are at-risk groups. Breastfeeding awareness programs should be integrated into the existing immunization clinics and give information to mothers about its long-term benefits.

Prospective longitudinal comparative study showed that breastfeeding outcomes were comparable in preterm twins and singleton infants.

We compared milk volumes, skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding by the mothers of very preterm twins and singleton infants born at 28-32 weeks of gestation. This Norwegian longitudinal prospective comparative study was carried out in two neonatal intensive care units: one with single family rooms and one open bay unit. It comprised 49 singleton infants, 28 twins and their mothers. The mothers' milk volume and direct breastfeeding were recorded from birth until 4 months' of corrected age. They also answered the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale and skin-to-skin contact was recorded. The mothers of preterm twins produced doubled the volume of expressed milk at day 14, compared to the mothers of singletons (mean 816 ± 430 mL vs. 482 ± 372 mL, p < 0.05) and this difference was still sustained at 34 + 0 weeks/days (p < 0.02). Mothers of twins had their first breastfeeding attempt later than mothers of singletons (median of 133 h compared to 56 (p < 0.002). Preterm twins received less daily skin-to-skin contact (mean 157 ± 66 min each vs. 244 ± 109) (p < 0.001). There were no differences in receiving mother's own milk, exclusively direct breastfeeding or perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy. Breastfeeding was initiated as successfully in preterm twins as singletons as the mothers' milk production doubled.

Assessment of Mothers' Mood and Cognition Functions in Perinatal Period and Their Influences on Breastfeeding Success

Aim: In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of peripartum mother's cognitive functioning, anxiety, and postpartum depression of mothers on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.&#x0D; Material and Method: The pregnant women in the last trimester who were attended in the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology were included in the study as the study group. A total of three follow-ups were conducted in the study group. In our study Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive functioning, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 1,2 to assess anxiety, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess postpartum depression, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) to assess mother's self- efficacy in breastfeeding, LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool to assess mother's and baby's breastfeeding technique. &#x0D; Results: All of 158 pregnant and 96 non-pregnant women were enrolled in the study. After delivery, there was a significant decrease in STAI 2 scores compared to the prenatal period (p=0.001) and a significant increase in MMSE scores (p=0.001). There was no difference in STAI 1,2 , and MMSE scores between the groups with and without successful breastfeeding (p &gt;0.05). LATCH scores were statistically significantly higher in the group that successfully breastfed (p =0.001). LATCH (r=-0.427, p

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI DENGAN BREASTFEEDING SELF EFFICACY DALAM PEMBERIAN ASI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BANDA RAYA KOTA BANDA ACEH

Self-efficacy is one of the factors associated with low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding, while a husband’s support is known to positively influence a mother’s breastfeeding self-efficacy. This study examined the correlation between husband’s support and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy (BSE) in providing exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in the working area of the Community Health Center (Puskesmas) of Banda Raya in Banda Aceh city. This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study includes 243 mothers who have children aged 6 months or less. The sampling was performed through stratified random sampling which resulted 78 respondents. Husband support and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale- Short From (BSES-SF) questionnaires were used as the research instruments. The data were analyzed using bivariate and analysis Chi-Square test. The result showed a correlation between husband support (p-value 0,01), informational support (p-value 0,03), appraisal support (p-value 0,01), emotional support (p-value 0,03) and instrumental support (p-value 0,04) with BSE. The Health Community Center is urged to provide mothers with more information regarding the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to ensure the success of optimum breastfeeding practices and to encourage mothers to take part in counseling about exclusive breastfeeding during antenatal care.

Transcultural adaptation of a scale for exclusive breastfeeding to be used in Brazil.

The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding for use in a Brazilian-Portuguese context. The cross-cultural adaptation process involved the translation from original English into Brazilian Portuguese by two qualified and independent translators. Both translations were synthesized into a single version that was back-translated into English. An expert committee was created to assess linguistic equivalences, formulating a pre-final version that was tested on ten nursing women attending a maternity hospital. To assess its psychometric properties, a cross-sectional study was carried out. The population consisted of 99 nursing women from a reference maternity hospital in southern Brazil. The scale's stability and internal consistency were measured through Cronbach's alpha. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient between two applications were assessed to ascertain the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br scale's reliability. The construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factorial analysis. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br showed a general Cronbach's alpha of 0.849. The test-retest analysis showed a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.483 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.645. The exploratory factorial analysis showed two domains among the nine items of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br: the functional domain, including six items, and the cognitive domain, including three items, explaining 59.77% of the variance. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br was considered adequate for the cultural context and reliable and valid for Brazilian nursing women.

FATORES ASSOCIADOS À AUTOEFICÁCIA DA AMAMENTAÇÃO NO PUERPÉRIO IMEDIATO EM MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the association between sociodemographic variables, obstetric history, current pregnancy, and puerperium with breastfeeding self-efficacy. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in southwestern Maranhão, Brazil, between October 2020 and July 2021 with the participation of 240 postpartum women, using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form. Descriptive analysis, possible associations, simple and multiple logistic regression models were performed. Results: 83.3% had high breastfeeding self-efficacy, 46.7% were between 26 and 35 years old, 81.2% were married or in a stable union, 94.2% breastfed in the first hour of life, 37.9% received orientation on breastfeeding in the Primary Health Care Unit, and 84.2% offered only breast milk to the newborn in the maternity hospital. These factors were associated with high breastfeeding self-efficacy (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The research contributed to guide health professionals to provide superior quality care to pregnant and postpartum women and lactating mothers, aiming to increase breastfeeding self-efficacy, identifying, among these women, those who need more support.

Autoeficácia e desfechos da amamentação em mães de bebês prematuros e a termo: um estudo longitudinal

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers of premature and full-term newborns, in the period of 180 days, and to know the social and obstetric factors that influence the practice of maintaining the exclusive breastfeeding in the period of exclusive recommendation. Methods Cohort with 44 mothers admitted to a public maternity hospital between January and October 2018. The mothers were divided into two groups: Premature and Full-term Groups. The Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale was applied in the immediate postpartum period, in addition to a questionnaire elaborated by the authors to collect sociodemographic and obstetric variables. The follow-up was done on the 30th, 120th and 180th days of the newborn’s life, by telephone. For the statistical analysis between the groups, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. Results There was no difference in the self-efficacy score, nor in the obstetric and socioeconomic characteristics between the groups, except for family income (lower in the Premature Group - p = 0.031). The diet type was different on the 30th day after delivery (p = 0.023), with greater adherence to the exclusive breastfeeding in the Premature Group. No association was found between breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding practice in the 180-day period. Conclusion In this sample, the breastfeeding self-efficacy was not related to the exclusive breastfeeding practice in the period of 180 days, in both groups. The premature group showed lower family income and greater adherence to exclusive breastfeeding on the 30th day postpartum.

Self-efficacy and breastfeeding outcomes in mothers of premature and term infants: a longitudinal study.

To analyze the breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers of premature and full-term newborns, in the period of 180 days, and to know the social and obstetric factors that influence the practice of maintaining the exclusive breastfeeding in the period of exclusive recommendation. Cohort with 44 mothers admitted to a public maternity hospital between January and October 2018. The mothers were divided into two groups: Premature and Full-term Groups. The Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale was applied in the immediate postpartum period, in addition to a questionnaire elaborated by the authors to collect sociodemographic and obstetric variables. The follow-up was done on the 30th, 120th and 180th days of the newborn's life, by telephone. For the statistical analysis between the groups, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. There was no difference in the self-efficacy score, nor in the obstetric and socioeconomic characteristics between the groups, except for family income (lower in the Premature Group - p = 0.031). The diet type was different on the 30th day after delivery (p = 0.023), with greater adherence to the exclusive breastfeeding in the Premature Group. No association was found between breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding practice in the 180-day period. In this sample, the breastfeeding self-efficacy was not related to the exclusive breastfeeding practice in the period of 180 days, in both groups. The premature group showed lower family income and greater adherence to exclusive breastfeeding on the 30th day postpartum.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) modified for preterm mothers in Brazil.

to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) for mothers of ill and/or preterm infants among Portuguese-speaking mothers in Brazil. a methodological study was completed, including the translation of the tool, synthesis of translations, review by experts, synthesis, reassessment of experts, back-translation, pre-test, and validation of the content. The study involved 19 participants, including a translator and experts. In addition, 18 mothers from the target population were included in the pre-test. the equivalences of the opinion obtained by the committee of experts were semantic (85%), idiom (89%), cultural (86%), and conceptual (94%). The content validation coefficient (CVC) on the scale was 0.93 for clarity and understanding; 0.89 for practical relevance; 0.92 for relevance; and the average overall CVC was 0.91. the scale was translated and adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese language, which maintained the equivalences and confirmed the content validity.

BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the breastfeeding self-efficacy of pregnant women in the COVID-19 pandemic.This descriptive correlational study was conducted between 15 January and 15 June, 2021. The sample consisted of 320 pregnant women’, who were in their third trimester, had a single and healthy fetus, a spontaneous pregnancy and no health problems. The data of the study were collected using an Information Form and the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale.The mean total Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale score of the participants was 79.08±13.86. The seven variables with significant effects on the mean total Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale scores of the participants were, being knowledgeable on COVID-19, thinking breastfeeding is beneficial for the baby, going to prenatal care checkups on time, gestational week, educational status, age, and receiving breastfeeding consultancy in the COVID-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Especially young pregnant women who have low educational status and are not experienced or knowledgeable about breastfeeding should be provided with counseling on breastfeeding. This study is believed to contribute to the literature and guide interventional studies to be conducted in the future by evaluating the prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy levels and affecting factors.

Osteopathic intervention for infants with breastfeeding difficulty: A retrospective case series

BackgroundThe importance of breastfeeding and its effect on reducing the burden of disease is recognised globally. The physical aspect of successful breastfeeding is multifactorial and requires maternal comfort and confidence and an infant's ability to latch and maintain intra-oral sucking functions. Infants need to have sufficient function of their musculoskeletal system to maintain positioning and attachment. ObjectivesThe primary aim was to investigate the effect of osteopathic intervention on mothers and infants with breastfeeding difficulty. The secondary aim was to record the musculoskeletal dysfunctions found in those infants. DesignA retrospective case series of de-identified patient files. SettingOsteopathic private practice. MethodsA Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and Visual Analogue Scale for maternal pain while feeding, ability to latch, ability to maintain latch and noise while feeding were completed before and after osteopathic intervention. ParticipantsEighteen mother-infant-dyad files were retrospectively reviewed. ResultsFollowing an average of five osteopathic treatments over 7.4 weeks, all 18 mother-infant-dyads noted improvement in breastfeeding confidence and/or improvements in the ability to latch and maintain latch, maternal pain at the breast and infant noise while feeding. The greatest improvements were seen in the seven mother-infant dyads identified at risk of ceasing breastfeeding at baseline (p=<0.001). ConclusionThis study provides evidence that osteopathic intervention may be capable of delivering benefits in breastfeeding confidence and function. Our results also indicate that osteopathic intervention may benefit mothers at risk of ceasing breastfeeding. Further research, including prospective clinical trials with a comparator group, is warranted.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scale - Short form for fathers

BackgroundWomen supported by their partners are more likely to initiate and maintain breastfeeding and overcome related challenges. Therefore, reliable measurement tools are needed to determine whether fathers can provide this support. AimThis study aimed to (1) examine the psychometric properties of the Paternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) in Turkish fathers, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, construct validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA); and (2) assess the relationship between the BSES-SF and paternal demographic factors. MethodsA methodologically study was conducted between December 26-2018 and June 26-2019 at the pediatrics clinics of two research hospitals of medical schools in Konya, Turkey. The sample consisted of 221 fathers of infants aged 2 to 6 weeks who visited the clinics for routine examinations. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Turkish version of the Paternal BSES-SF. After evaluating the language equivalence and content validity of the scale, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity were examined. In evaluation of the data frequency/percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent groups t test, ANOVA Analysis, Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Pearson Product-Moment correlation and Cronbach α analysis were used. The study was approved by Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Selcuk University in Turkey. ResultsThe translated Paternal BSES-SF had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93 and a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.96. The factor loadings ranged from 0.42 to 0.76. The Paternal BSES-SF had a one-factor structure similar to the original scale. Fathers who were unemployed, had lower economic status, and unplanned pregnancy had significantly lower mean Paternal BSES-SF scores. Paternal education regarding breastfeeding increased mean Paternal BSES-SF retest scores (p<0.05). ConclusionsThe Paternal BSES-SF was a valid and reliable measure to assess fathers’ confidence in their ability to assist mothers with breastfeeding in Turkey. Turkish researchers and health workers can use this instrument as a reference for promoting exclusive breastfeeding.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an Online Educational Program for Primiparous Women to Improve Breastfeeding.

There are different approaches to breastfeeding interventions, but the global 6-month exclusive breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought extra difficulties in promoting breastfeeding. To test the feasibility and effectiveness of a theory-based, real-time online educational and support program for breastfeeding related outcomes. An assessor-blinded, prospective pilot randomized controlled trial with parallel-group, repeated-measures design was used. The sample was low-risk primiparous mothers (N = 40) who delivered in the local public hospitals. Study outcomes consisted of exclusive breastfeeding rate, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and other breastfeeding outcomes measured by a self-reported questionnaire, including the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Comparisons between the differences in the intervention and control groups were carried out. Thirteen participants in the intervention group successfully completed the program. They had a higher exclusive breastfeeding rate, breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding initiation rate, and longer exclusive breastfeeding duration than the control group. Additionally, the intervention group had a lower partial breastfeeding rate, and a higher maternal postnatal depression score and infant's morbidity at postnatal 2 months. However, all the results were not statistically significant (p > .050). Overall, the intervention was highly valued by all participants who appreciated the regular postnatal follow-ups. Despite showing the satisfactory feasibility of the program, no significant improvements were found in all study outcomes. Considering the participants' comments, we suggest refining and further testing the intervention with a larger sample size over a longer-term follow-up to confirm its effectiveness.This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04741425).

Does Spiritual Health Correlate With Breastfeeding Mother’s Self-Efficacy In The Sub-District Area?

Spiritual health is an aspect that can provide motivation and purpose for someone to achieve their goals even in a difficult situation. One of the factors supporting the success of breastfeeding is the mother’s self-efficacy. Self-efficacy gives mothers confidence and strong motivation even in a difficult situation. This study aimed to determine the correlation between spiritual health and breastfeeding self-efficacy. This analytical correlational study used a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted in October 2019 in Soreang Sub-district, Bandung Regency, one of the rural areas in Bandung Regency. The subjects of the study were chosen by cluster random sampling method and selected 52 subjects from 13 Posyandu in Soreang sub-districts. The primary data were obtained using instruments in the form of questionnaires. The level of the spiritual health of the subjects was obtained using Spiritual Health Inventory questionnaire. The level of breastfeeding self-efficacy of the subjects was obtained using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated there is a correlation between spiritual health with breastfeeding self-efficacy, (p=0.029 r=0.303). According to the studied data, breastfeeding self-efficacy and spiritual health are correlated among breastfeeding mothers in Soreang Sub-district.

Effect of IMB Model Combined with Spousal Support Breastfeeding Intervention on PBSES Score and Breastfeeding Rate of Primipara with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

Objective To analyze the effects of the info-motivation-behavior skills (IMB) model combined with spousal support breastfeeding intervention on breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES) scores and breastfeeding rate of primiparas with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods Seventy-four first-term pregnant women and 74 of their spouses were selected as the traditional control group by the convenience sampling method from July to September 2021 in obstetrics department of Shenzhen Third People's Hospital. 74 pregnant women with their first child and 74 spouses who had their first child checked during October to December 2021 were classified as the IMB model group. The traditional control group was applied with conventional intervention management mode, and the IMB model group was applied with intervention management mode based on IMB theory on the basis of the traditional control group. The self-efficacy scores of breastfeeding before and after intervention during pregnancy and during hospitalization were compared between the two groups, and the self-efficacy scores of paternal support for breastfeeding were compared. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants within 6 months and the maternal breastfeeding knowledge level of the two groups were compared, and the correlation between maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy score and feeding knowledge level was analyzed. Results After pregnancy intervention, PBSES and FBSES-SF scores were significantly increased in both groups, and scores of scales in the IMB model group increased significantly than the traditional control group (all P < 0.05). The BSES-SF and FBSES-SF scores of the IMB model group increased significantly than the traditional control group at 3 days after delivery and at discharge (P < 0.05), and the scores of each scale at discharge in both groups increased significantly than those at 3 days after delivery (P < 0.05). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the IMB model group was 94.59% (70/74), and that in the traditional control group was 78.38% (58/74). There was a significant difference (χ2 = 8.325, P = 0.004). At discharge, the score of maternal breastfeeding knowledge increased significantly in both groups, and the score of the IMB model group increased significantly than that of the traditional control group (all P < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between PBSES score, FBSES-SF score, and maternal feeding knowledge level, which showed positive correlation (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The self-efficacy of prenatal breastfeeding in pregnant women with HBV is low, and the application of the IMB model combined with the intervention mode of spy-supported breastfeeding has positive effects on the improvement of maternal breastfeeding efficiency, breastfeeding health knowledge level, and postpartum breastfeeding rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Postnatal mental health, breastfeeding beliefs, and breastfeeding practices in rural China

BackgroundThe importance of breastfeeding in low- and middle- income countries is well recognized, yet the importance of postnatal mental health on breastfeeding practices and beliefs in these settings has been understudied. This study investigates the associations between maternal mental health problems, breastfeeding beliefs and breastfeeding practices in rural China.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected in November and December 2019 from 742 mothers of infants under 6 months old in rural Sichuan Province, China. Maternal mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms) was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (short form). Breastfeeding beliefs were assessed using the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (short form). Breastfeeding practices were assessed through a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire. Ordinary least squares regression, multiple logistic regression and heterogeneous effects analyses were used to identify associations between symptoms of mental health problems and breastfeeding outcomes.ResultsThe average age of sample infants was 2.7 months. Among mothers, 13% showed symptoms of depression, 16% anxiety, and 9% stress. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the previous 24 h was 38.0%. Depression symptoms were significantly associated with breastfeeding attitude (\U0001d6fd= − 1.11, 95% CI: − 2.07, − 0.14) and breastfeeding self-efficacy (\U0001d6fd= − 3.19, 95% CI: − 4.93, − 1.45). Anxiety and stress symptoms were significantly associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy (\U0001d6fd= − 1.81, 95% CI: − 3.43, − 0.18 and \U0001d6fd = − 2.88, 95% CI: − 4.98, − 0.78, respectively). There were no significant associations between symptoms of mental health problems and exclusive breastfeeding. The heterogeneous effects analyses revealed that less educated mothers with symptoms of stress had lower odds of exclusive breastfeeding than educated mothers without symptoms of stress (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.25,1.10). Mothers of younger infants had higher odds of exclusive breastfeeding than the mother of older infants, regardless of depression, anxiety, or stress symptoms.ConclusionSymptoms of maternal mental health problems are significantly associated with breastfeeding attitude and self-efficacy; however, these symptoms are not associated with breastfeeding practices. Maternal educational level and infant age may play a role in mothers’ breastfeeding practices. To improve breastfeeding practices, interventions should employ a multi-dimensional approach that focuses on improving maternal mental well-being and considers demographic characteristics.

Paternal Breastfeeding Self-efficacy and Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice Three Months Postpartum

Background: Breastfeeding benefits both mother and newborn and plays a significant role in controlling chronic diseases. Fathers' breastfeeding attitude and paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, which means that their ability to help their partner breastfeed the newborn, appear to be among the factors that affect women’s breastfeeding. Objectives: This correlational descriptive study investigates paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and its relationship with Infant and young child feeding practice three months postpartum. Methods: This study was performed in 2019 on 206 fathers. Fathers waited for the mother and baby outside the postpartum ward and filled out the paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scale and demographic information questionnaire in the hospital. Three months after delivery, mothers were called and asked about Infant and young child feeding practices. The SPSS software version 23 was used for statistical analysis by the Spearman’s test, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, chi-squared test, and analysis of variance. Results: In the present study, 5.8% of Iranian children used formula feeding at three months of age, 74.3% were exclusively breastfed, and 19.9% received both formula feeding and breast milk. Fathers who participated in antenatal classes had a higher paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy score than the others (P = 0.003). The results showed a significant relationship between paternal cooperation in prenatal care and paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy score (P = 0.001). No correlation was found between paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scores and infant feeding practices three months after delivery (P = 0.99). Conclusions: Fathers' attendance in antenatal classes and paternal cooperation in prenatal care can increase paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy.

AVALIAÇÃO DA AUTOEFICÁCIA MATERNA EM AMAMENTAR COM USO DE TECNOLOGIA EDUCATIVA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

The objective was to describe the assessment of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy before and after the use of educational technology using the scores of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES-SF). This is an experience report. Thus, the study proposes to describe the application of an educational technology in the modality of a serialized album entitled "I Can Breastfeed My Child" among women, aiming to raise breastfeeding self-efficacy scores by the BSES-SF scale and increase the duration of breastfeeding. Before the application of the instrument most (80%) women showed high efficacy, medium efficacy was observed in 13% of women, and only 7% had low efficacy. After the application of the instrument, all (100%) women presented high efficacy. Thus, it was possible to observe that women's maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy was higher after the educational intervention, thus highlighting the importance of the health professional as a guide and provider of necessary information.