Breast Disease Patients Research Articles

Serum Vitamin Levels and Their Relationships with Other Biomarkers in Korean Breast Cancer Patients.

Numerous studies have shown that vitamins reduce the risk of cancers, but the relationship between serum vitamin levels and breast cancer is still controversial. In this study, we evaluated serum levels of vitamins in Korean patients with benign breast disease or breast cancer and investigated their associations with clinical and laboratory parameters. Concentrations of vitamin A, D, and E, together with homocysteine and methylmalonic acid as biomarkers of vitamin B12 deficiency, were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the serum of 104 breast cancer patients, 62 benign breast disease patients, and 75 healthy Korean females. We further assessed possible associations between vitamin levels and breast cancer subtypes, the presence of lymph node metastasis, and tumor stages. Serum concentrations of vitamins A and E were significantly lower in breast cancer patients and in benign breast disease patients than in healthy controls. Severe vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in breast cancer patients than in healthy controls. Vitamin D level was significantly lower in breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor-negative or triple-negative subtypes than in those with other subtypes. Further research with a larger study population is required to elucidate the role of vitamins in breast cancer.

Association of level serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D in benign and malignant breast disease in a tertiary care center in North India

Background: The study was to compare 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in women with benign and malignant breast disease patients to the age-matched controls in a tertiary care center in North India.Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in the Department of Surgery, S.R.N. Hospital associated with M.L.N. Medical College, Allahabad. The levels of vitamin D are measured by electrochemiluminescence and the serum levels divided into normal, mild, moderate, and severe vitamin D deficiency.Results: Overall 60 patients were included. 30 was having malignant breast disease and 30 having benign breast disease. On comparing the mean value of serum vitamin D level between malignant breast disease and controls, the serum vitamin D level was found to be lesser in the former group and the difference was highly significant. On comparing the mean value of serum vitamin D level between benign breast disease and controls, the serum vitamin D level was found to be elevated in the former group, the difference was nonsignificant.Conclusions: Our study supports the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor in the development of malignant breast disease. The study was also concluded that vitamin D is not associated with the etiogenesis of benign breast diseases. There is also a possibility of using 25-hydroxy vitamin D as an adjuvant therapy during the treatment of breast malignancy.

Serum lncRNA TINCR Serve as a Novel Biomarker for Predicting the Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Background:Tissue differentiation-inducing non-protein coding RNA (TINCR) has been shown to play a crucial role in pathogenesis of various types of human cancer including breast cancer (BC). The purpose of this study was to determine the potential prognostic value of serum lncRNA TINCR in BC.Methods:Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect serum lncRNA TINCR levels in 72 triple-negative BC (TNBC) patients, 105 non-TNBC patients, 60 benign breast disease patients and 86 healthy subjects.Results:The results showed that serum lncRNA TINCR level was significantly increased in BC, especially in TNBC. High circulating lncRNA TINCR was significantly correlated with worse clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of TNBC. Multivariate analysis revealed that serum lncRNA TINCR was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of TNBC. However, little association was found between serum lncRNA TINCR and the prognosis of non-TNBC.Conclusions:Taken together, our findings demonstrate that serum lncRNA TINCR might be a useful novel and non-invasive biomarker for the prognosis prediction of TNBC.

Protease Cargo in Circulating Exosomes of Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Patients

Background:As is known, exosomes play an important role in promoting progression of cancers by increasing its invasive potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of tetraspanine-associated (ADAM-10) and tetraspanine-nonassociated proteases (20S proteasomes) in exosomes from culture medium, plasma exosomes of patients with breast tumors and plasma and ascites of ovarian tumor patients.Methods:MCF-7 and SVO-3 culture mediums and blood samples from healthy females (n = 30, HFs), patients with diffuse dyshormonal dysplasia of the breast (n=28, BBTPs), breast cancer patients (n=32, BCPs), borderline ovarian tumor patients (n=20, BOTPs) and blood and ascites samples ovarian cancer patients (n=35, OCPs) were included in the study. Exosomes from plasma, ascites and culture mediums were isolated and characterized in according to Extracellular Vesicles Society. The expression levels of 20S proteasome and ADAM-10 in exosomes were determined using flow cytometry and western blot analysis, correspondingly.Results:The subpopulation composition of the exosomes from MCF-7 culture medium and from blood plasma of HFs and breast diseases patients is similar, however CD9/CD24 subpopulation significantly increased at cell supernatant. The similar results was obtained for exosomes from SVO-3 medium and blood plasma and ascites of ovary tumor patients, but CD9/CD24 subpopulation significantly decreased at cells and illness samples, however CD63/CD24 exosomes increased significantly from cell supernatant. 20S proteasome level is significantly increased in exosomes from MCF-7 and SVO-3 culture medium, breast tumor patients and OCPs plasma in comparison to HUVEC culture medium and HFs plasma samples. At CD9-positive exosomes from BCPs plasma and MCF-7 was reveal a high expression of ADAM-10 and low expression is from BBDPs plasma and ovarian tumor patients plasma/ascites samples. Exosomes from ascites OCP had high expression of ADAM-10 in the CD24-positive subpopulation.Conclusion:Breast and ovarian cancer development is connected with functioning of immune proteasome forms in plasma and ascites exosomes, while increased ADAM10 expression at CD9-positive exosome was associated with breast cancer and at CD24-positive subpopulation – with ovarian cancer. Obtained data confirm role of exosomal proteases in tumor progression.

Biochemical Investigation of Tissue Oxidative Stress and Angiogenesis with Associated Trace Elements in Breast Disease Patients in Uttarakhand, India.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous cancer with diverse clinical symptoms and an ambiguous molecular spectrum. Oxidative damage, antioxidant activity, and angiogenesis combine to form significant complex factors that stimulate breast cancer development and progression. This study is designed to determine level changes in total antioxidant status and markers of lipid peroxidation melondialdehyde (MDA) and angiogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) along with related micronutrients of copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron in malignant and benign breast disease tissue extracts. We assess specificity and sensitivity of those markers using the area under the curve of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Association studies are done with correlation analysis. The tissue extract level of MDA markers is found to be significantly higher (14.118 ± 1.47 nmol/g tissue; p < 0.05), with significantly depleted levels of antioxidants (5.983 ± 1.661 nmol/g tissue; p < 0.05). The tissue VEGF level also significantly increases in a diseased condition (512.466 ± 5.661 pg/mg tissue) versus the nondiseased condition (422.433 ± 13.615 pg/mg tissue). Related trace-element levels show a significant mixed pattern among studied groups. VEGF emerges as the best discriminatory biomarker of breast cancer presence, in accordance with ROC analysis. Oxidative stress and angiogenesis are found to be important factors in breast cancer development. This study forms the basis for future studies that focus on the relationship between roles of indices studied and cancer induction.

Serum levels of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde in breast cancer patients in relation to pathohistological factors, estrogen receptors, menopausal status, and age

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with invasive breast cancer in relation to its serum levels in patients with benign breast disease, and to investigate correlation between MDA serum levels with pathohistological prognostic factors (tumor size, lymph node involvement, and histologic grade [HG]), estrogen receptor (ER) status, and with breast cancer patient’s age and menopausal status.&#x0D; Methods: A total of 43 with well-documented invasive breast cancer were included in this study: 27 with positive axillary’s lymph nodes, and 16 with negative axillary’s lymph nodes, and 39 patients with findings of benign breast diseases. MDA determination in serum of breast cancer and benign breast disease patients was performed by the fluorimetric method, immunohistochemical staining was performed for ER, and routine pathohistological examination was conducted for pathohistological factors.&#x0D; Results: MDA serum levels in breast cancer patients were significantly higher than MDA serum levels in benign breast disease patients (p = 0.042). No statistically significant difference between MDA serum levels in breast cancer patients with and without lymph node metastases was found (p = 0.238). No statistically significant correlations between MDA serum levels and tumor size (p = 0.256), HG (p = 0.124), or number of positive lymph nodes (0.113) were found. A statistically significant correlation between serum MDA levels and ages of breast cancer patients with lymph node metastases was found (p = 0.006).&#x0D; Conclusion: Obtained results support the importance of MDA in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. According to our findings, serum level of MDA could not be a useful prognostic factor in breast cancer.

The effect of Metformin on fibrocystic breast disease in women with insulin resistance

A little studied question is the development mechanism, timely diagnostics, treatment and prevention of the fibrocystic breast disease at patients with insulin resistance. One of the possible perspective directions of pathogenetic impact on tissues of a mammary gland at the mastopathy associated with a giperinsulinemiya and insulin resistance is use of metformin. Now clinical trials on use of metformin at cancer of mammary glands continue. Data on use of medicines of this group at patients with fibrocystic breast disease in domestic and foreign literature are absent.Objective:assessment of influence of metformin on clinical displays of fibrocystic breast disease and ultrasonic characteristics of a parenchyma of mammary glands at patients with insulin resistance.Materials and methods.As therapy of fibrocystic breast disease patients received metformin in a dose of 1500 mg a day. Dynamic control of a clinical picture of a disease and ultrasonic indicators of a parenchyma of a mammary gland carried out in 3 and 6 months from the beginning of therapy.Results and conclusion.In 6 months of therapy there was a reliable decrease in frequency of a mastalgiya, change of an ultorasound picture of mammary glands: echogenicity of a parenchyma of mammary glands – became sredeny in 95,9% of cases, there was a reliable reduction of thickness of a parenchyma of mammary glands (from 15.5 mm to 10. 5 mm) and diameter of lacteal channels (from 1.7 mm to 0.9 mm). The obtained data on positive influence of metformin on the clinical course of mastopathy and structural changes of a parenchyma of mammary glands at patients with fibrocystic breast disease and insulin resistance allow to consider similar approach as the perspective direction of pathogenetic influence at such pathological association.

Analysis of the result of 1 583 breast disease patients' postoperative telephone follow-up

Objective To understand the rehabilitation of postoperative patients with breast diseases, and to find out the common problems and caring key points, in order to provide a reference for the continuous nursing for breast disease patients after the discharge. Methods A total of 1 583 patients who underwent surgical treatment in thyroid and breast surgical department in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from June 2015 to July 2016 were selected by purposive sampling method. The all patients were followed up on telephone at the time point of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after discharge. The follow-up was about patients' rehabilitation (wound, functional exercise, self-care ability and drainage) , mental state, satisfaction with follow-up and so on. Results Female accounted for 1 574 of the follow-up cases (99.4%) . The average age of the patients was (47.20±11.97) years old. The proportion of malignant tumors was 74.6%. The average body mass index (BMI) was (22.66±2.5) kg/m2. The average surgery waiting days and the average hospitalization days were (4.12±2.40) and (8.54±3.40) respectively. The follow-up loss rate at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after discharge was 2.27% (36/1 583) , 1.90% (22/1 158) , 2.93% (26/888) and 4.89% (9/184) respectively. The differences of benign and malignant diseases between patients with different BMI and age were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusions Telephone follow-up is a simple and effective way to understand the rehabilitation of patients, and is worthy of clinical use. Follow-up results suggests that caregivers should concern about postoperative wound healing, affected upper limb functional rehabilitation, and mental health in patients with breast diseases, so as to take effective measures to improve patients life quality according to actual problems. Key words: Breast disease; Surgery; Continuous nursing; Telephone follow-up

Study on the status of thyroid function and thyroid nodules in chinese breast cancer patients.

We performed a study to investigate the status of thyroid nodules and thyroid functions in Chinese breast cancer women. The clinical data of female patients with breast cancer or benign breast diseases and normal populace were evaluated. The thyroxine(T4) level in initially diagnosed breast cancer patients were significantly higher than those in benign breast diseases patients (7.68±1.51 vs 7.29±1.52ug/dl, p<0.001), while the TSH levels were slightly lower than in benign breast diseases patients(3.23±4.59 vs 3.60±6.74uIU/ml, p=0.302). The overall incidence of hypothyroidism in initially diagnosed breast cancer and benign breast diseases patients were 28.65% and 32.74%(p=0.195). During chemotherapy, the T4(7.08±1.69ug/dl), fT3(2.87±0.48pg/ml) and fT4(0.83±0.15ng/dl) levels were significantly lower than in initially diagnosed breast cancer patients(7.68±1.51ug/dl, 3.07±0.50pg/ml, 0.88±0.20ng/dl, p<0.05). The incidence of thyroid nodules in initially diagnosed breast cancer patients, benign breast diseases patients and healthy population were 56.17%, 43.64%, 34.49%(p<0.001). The incidence of TI-RADS≥4 TN in initially diagnosed breast cancer patients and benign breast diseases patients were significantly higher than in normal population(7.27% vs 9.45% vs 2.87%, p<0.001). The incidence of TI-RADS≥4 thyroid nodules in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy was significantly higher than in initially diagnosed breast cancer patients(11.71% vs 7.27%, p<0.05). These data indicate that the incidence of thyroid disease in breast disease patients is higher than in normal population in China, and the breast diseases, especially breast cancer, might be related to the high incidence of thyroid nodules.

The clinical study of combined detection of serum prostate specific antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 in pathological stages of breast cancer

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of combined detection of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and CYFRA21-1 in breast cancer patients with pathological staging. Methods 200 cases of breast cancer patients were randomly selected from January 2015 to January 2016 in our hospital as the observation group; at the same time 200 cases of benign breast disease patients were selected as the control group. The serum levels of PSA and CYFRA21-1 were detected, and the clinical value of monitoring the disease during the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer was analyzed according to the test results. Results By comparison, the observation group free PSA (fPSA) in serum (0.19±0.04) ng/ml, total PSA (tPSA) (22.45±3.16) pg/ml was significantly lower than the control group fPSA (0.35±0.08) ng/ml, tPSA (31.48±4.31) pg/ml; CYFRA21-1 (5.34±1.13) ng/ml was significantly higher than the control group (3.67±1.07) ng/ml (t=1.267, P=0.031; t=4.891, P=0.028; t=2.534, P=0.026). The positive rate of serum fPSA, tPSA, CYFRA21-1 and 3 joint tests in observation group was higher than that in control group (χ2=3.287, P=0.012; χ2=2.936, P=0.028; χ2=13.587, P=0.000; χ2=11.279, P=0.000). There were 200 cases of breast cancer in the observation group confirmed by pathology, of which stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ 73 cases, stage Ⅲ 76 cases, and stage Ⅳ 51 cases. The serum levels of fPSA and tPSA in patients with stage Ⅳ breast cancer were significantly lower than those of Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ breast cancer patients, and the content of CYFRA21-1 was significantly higher than that in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The serum levels of tPSA and fPSA in patients with stage Ⅲ breast cancer were significantly lower than those in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, and the serum CYFRA21-1 content was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ breast cancer patients (stage Ⅳ compared with stage Ⅲ, t=0.783, P=0.019; t=1.524, P=0.021; t=2.875, P=0.014). The combined detection of tPSA+ fPSA+ CYFRA21-1 could increase the sensitivity of patients to 91.70%, improved the specificity to 92.8%, and improved the accuracy of diagnosis to 94.8%, which was higher than the single test (cooperative detection compared with single CYFRA21-1, χ2=2.357, P=0.019; χ2=4.398, P=0.038; χ2=3.176, P=0.029). Conclusion PSA combined with CYFRA21-1 detection could effectively improve the early diagnosis rate of breast cancer, and provided an important auxiliary diagnostic basis for clinical staging, efficacy evaluation and prognosis diagnosis of breast cancer patients. Key words: Combined detection; Breast cancer; Case staging; Prostate specific antigen; Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1

Down-regulation of hK7 in the sera of breast cancer and benign breast disease patients.

IntroductionBreast cancer is known as a leading cause of cancer-related death among women all over the world. Biomarkers facilitate diagnosis at the earliest possible stage and better prognosis of the disease. Hence, may help to improve the overall survival rate among breast cancer patients. To find a better diagnostic/prognostic marker we evaluated human tissue kallikrein 7 (hK7) as biomarker of breast cancer. hK7 is a secreted serine protease having chymotrypsin like activity. Serum hK7 is known to have aberrant expression in ovarian and prostate cancer but has not been yet studied in breast cancer. However, the expression level of KLK7 mRNA in breast cancer tissues has been indicated as a better prognostic marker for the unfavorable prognosis of breast carcinoma.Materials and methodsIn this study a time-resolved immunofluorometric indirect back titration ELISA (bt-ELISA) was employed for the quantification of hK7 in serum of breast cancer patients (n = 47), benign breast disease patients (n = 13) alongwith the gender and age group specific controls (n = 99).ResultshK7 was significantly down-regulated in the sera of female breast cancer patients (p < 0.0001; Mean 0.704 ± 0.533 μg/L) and benign breast disease patients (p = 0.0008; Mean 0.651 ± 0.584) as compared to normal controls (Mean 1.665 ± 1.174 μg/L).ConclusionsDown regulation of hK7 suggests the possible role of this protein in natural course of breast cancer and benign breast diseases. Study should be extended on large-scale to confirm the potential of hK7 as biomarker of breast cancer.

Discriminating patients with early-stage breast cancer from benign lesions by detection of oxidative DNA damage biomarker in urine.

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and death-related cancers in women worldwide. Mammography is routinely used for screening and invasive examinations such as painful tissue biopsies were recommended for patients with abnormal screening outcomes. However, a considerable proportion of these cases turn out to be benign lesions. Thus, novel non-invasive approach for discriminating breast cancer from benign lesions is desirable. Herein, we applied a high-throughput ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis to determine the oxidative DNA damage biomarker, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in urine samples from 60 patients with early-stage breast cancer (stage I, II), 51 patients with benign breast diseases and 73 healthy volunteers. We demonstrated that the concentration of urinary 8-oxodG in patients with early-stage breast cancer was significantly higher not only than that in healthy controls, but also than that in patients with benign breast diseases, whereas no significant difference of urinary 8-oxodG level was observed between benign breast diseases group and healthy control group. Moreover, there was significant difference between early-stage breast cancer group and non-cancerous group which consisted of benign breast diseases patients and healthy controls. Besides, logistic regression analysis and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were also performed. Our findings indicate that the marked increase of 8-oxodG in urine may serve as a potential biomarker for the risk estimation, early screening and detection of breast cancer, particularly for discriminating early-stage breast cancer from benign lesions.

Benign Breast Disease in Patients with Cowden Syndrome

Objectives: Cowden syndrome (CS) is the most common PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS)-related disorder, and affected patients are at increased risk of developing breast, thyroid, and endometrial cancer. Moreover, CS is associated with nonmalignant conditions of the breast, the morphologic manifestations of which have not been well described. We present the clinicopathological features of benign breast disease in 6 patients …

Centchroman Regress Mastalgia and Fibroadenoma: An Institutional Study

Objectives: Centchroman (also known as Ormeloxifene) is one of the selective estrogen receptor modulators, or SERMs, a class of medication which acts selectively on the estrogen receptor. Because of its selective antiestrogen action, centchroman has been used for treatment of mastalgia and fibroadenoma. Materials And Methods: Benign breast disease patients up to 35 years of age attending surgery outpatient department from August 2012 to September 2014 and fulfilling inclusion criterion were included in the study. The patients were started on centchroman 30 mg on daily for a period of 12 weeks and were followed at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 24 to assess response to therapy. The Results were recorded as per clinical examination, ultrasonography for breast lump size and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Results: A total of 130 patients were included in the study, 88 (67.70%) of whom had mastalgia with or without nodularity, and 42 (32.30%) had fibroadenoma. Noncyclical pain was in 71 patients (80.70%), and cyclical pain was recorded in only 17 (19.30%) patients. A VAS score of 10 was recorded by 62 (70.50%) patients (severe pain), and the remaining 26 patients (29.50%) had VAS score from 7 to 10. Fibroadenoma size ranged from 1.5 to 5 cm, single or multiple in one or both breast. There was a good response in the mastalgia group, with a decrease in the VAS scoring from 10 to 3 in 69 (78.40%) of the patients in the first week. Almost all of the patients were painless at the end of first month, with complete disappearance of the nodularity. In the fibroadenoma group there was a mixed response, with complete disappearance in 21 (35%), partial regression (decrease in volume of fibroadenoma) in 29 (48.30%) and no response at all in the remaining 10 (16.70%) a period of 6 months. There were few side effects with scanty menses or amenorrhea as the only side effect. Conclusions: Centchroman is a safe drug for the treatment of mastalgia and fibroadenoma. It has shown good results in mastalgia and fibroadenoma, is an effective, safe and inexpensive.

E_Breast: A Computerized Database Management System for Breast Diseases Patients in a Low Income Country

Objectives: To report our experience in using an electronic database for management of breast diseases in a developing country. Materials and methods: E-Breast is a database developed on FileMaker Pro Advanced to serve as patient file and breast diseases registry. The development of the platform, its usage and advantages on a manual filing system are described. Results: For 6 years, we use this database, which accounts more than 2000 patients and includes data from more than 10 years. An overview of the activity is easily generated by E-Breast. The generated reports are used to the routine care of patients, statistics and clinical research. Data entered are immediately useful in addition to simultaneously implement the database for clinical research. Many custom features are integrated. For research purposes, the system has the ability to perform detailed analyses on subsets defined by the user as breast cancer, breast benign diseases, etc. Conclusion: E-Breast has proven to be a useful way of documentation that has become an integral and essential part of the daily activity and also a valuable research tool.

Diagnostic value of BI-RADS categories in the management of patients with benign breast pathology

Reasonable tactics of management of the patients with breast disease depends of the quality of diagnostics methods. Modern requirements to the methods of diagnosis – a precision, high information value, accessibility. In the article BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) is being discussed. This system is a good tool to determine the proper algorithm of breast disease patients’ management.

Mitochondrial common deletion is elevated in blood of breast cancer patients mediated by oxidative stress

The 4977bp common deletion is one of the most frequently observed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in human tissues and has been implicated in various human cancer types. It is generally believed that continuous generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a major underlying mechanism for generation of such mtDNA deletions while antioxidant systems, including Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), mitigating the deleterious effects of ROS. However, the clinical significance of this common deletion remains to be explored. A comprehensive investigation on occurrence and accumulation of the common deletion and mtDNA copy number was carried out in breast carcinoma (BC) patients, benign breast disease (BBD) patients and age-matched healthy donors in our study. Meanwhile, the representative oxidative (ROS production, mtDNA and lipid oxidative damage) and anti-oxidative features (MnSOD expression level and variation) in blood samples from these groups were also analyzed. We found that the mtDNA common deletion is much more likely to be detected in BC patients at relatively high levels while the mtDNA content is lower. This alteration has been associated with a higher MnSOD level and higher oxidative damages in both BC and BBD patients. Our results indicate that the mtDNA common deletion in blood may serve a biomarker for the breast cancer.

Comparison of three different molecular assays for the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer

Objective Comparison of three different molecular assays for the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Methods The retrospective study compared three different molecular assays to detect CTC in the peripheral blood of 30 healthy individuals and 71 benign breast disease patients and 83 early and 84 metastatic breast cancer patients.All samples were collected at the outpatient, inpatient and physical examination department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2011 to June 2014. The same cDNAs were analyzed by: singleplex RT–qPCR assay for BCL–2, multiplex RT–qPCR for BCL–2, HER–2, HMAM, and a commercially available molecular assay (AdnaTest BreastCancer) for GA733–2, MUC–1, HER–2. The positive of CTC were compared among healthy individuals and benign breast disease patients and breast cancer patients. Chi square test was used to compare the expression of gene markers among the three groups, and the agreement of Kappa test was used to evaluate the method. Results (1) Detection rates of early breast cancer by single RT–qPCR, Adna kits and multiple RT–qPCR were 13.3%, 16.9% and 18.1%, respectively, and the detection of metastatic breast cancer were 31.0%, 42.9% and 35.7%, respectively. There were significant differences in the positive of CTC by three molecular assays between healthy individuals and benign breast disease patients and early breast cancer patients (The test values were 4.235 and 4.301, 5.367 and 5.474, 5.894 and 6.023 respectively, P 0.05). There were significant differences between metastasis breast cancer patients and healthy individuals and benign breast disease patients and early breast cancer patients (The test values were 8.429, 7.553 and 7.061; 10.24, 9.025 and 8.745; 9.658, 8.417 and 8.201 respectively, P<0.05). (2) In early breast cancer: The concordance between AdnaTest and single RT–qPCR was 79.5% while between AdnaTest and multiplex RT–qPCR was 77.1%.No agreement was found among them (The test values were 1.065 and 1.871, P were 0.371 and 0.258). The concordance between single RT–qPCR and multiplex RT–qPCR was 80.7%.No agreement was found between them (The test values was 2.814, P was 0.156). (3) In patients with overt metastasis: The concordance between AdnaTest and single RT–qPCR was 78.6%(The test values was 10.986). While between AdnaTest and multiplex RT–qPCR was 80.9%(The test values was 9.251). Agreements were found among them (P was 0.002 and 0.005 respectively). The concordance between single and multiplex RT–qPCR was 88.1%(The test values was 12.364). Agreement was found between them (P was 0.001). Conclusions No correlations were found among different molecular methods to detect CTC in the early primary breast cancer, but correlations were found in the metastatic breast cancer, suggesting that different rate of CTC caused by the number of CTC and its heterogeneity should be considered to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer while molecular method is used.(Chin J Lab Med, 2015, 38: 666–671) Key words: Breast neoplasms; Neoplastic cells, circulating; Tumor markers, biological; Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

The organochlorine pesticides residues in the invasive ductal breast cancer patients.

Investigation of organochlorine pesticides residues (important environmental contamination causing malignant transformation) in breast cancer patients is valuable to understanding their roles in breast cancer. 75 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients were enrolled with control of 79 benign breast diseases patients and control of 80 healthy women. Morning fasting blood specimens and adipose tissue specimens beside the primary lesion were detected with gas chromatograph. In blood specimens, both levels of β-HCH and PCTA were higher in IDC than those in both controls (both p<0.05), and increasingly higher among the three IDC degrees. In adipose tissue specimens, all levels of β-HCH, PCTA and pp'-DDE were higher in IDC than those in control (all p<0.05) and increasingly higher among three IDC degrees. The levels of β-HCH, PCTA in both blood specimens and adipose tissue specimens were higher in estrogen receptor (ER) positive IDC than those in ER negative IDC (all p<0.05). The higher level of organochlorine pesticides residues in blood and adipose tissue specimens of IDC infers its association with IDC, but the details remains to reveal, and this study may helpful in this field.

Analytical study of pattern and presentation of benign breast diseases in patients between age group 15 to 35 years

Introduction : The term benign breast disorder (BBD) can be defined as any nonmalignant breast condition and encompasses a wide range of clinical and pathologic disorders. Material and methods: Study of pattern and presentation of benign breast diseases in patients between age group 15 to 35 years was carried out to evaluate the different types of benign diseases of the breast and their mode of clinical presentation. In present study, 50 cases were examined and analysed. Results : Fibroadenoma formed the most common benign breast disease which is accounting for 32 cases (64%), followed by Cystosarcoma phylloides 10 cases (20%). Most commonly affected age group of B.B.D. was 20-25 years. All benign diseases presented with Lump, Among these 37 cases (74%) presented with painless lump and 13 cases (26%) presented with painful lump. Fibroadenoma occurred more often in Left Breast (50%) than in Right Breast (43.7%). Conclusions : Fibroadenoma was the most common benign breast disease. Most common age group for benign breast disease was 20-25 years (42% cases), for Fibroadenoma most common age group was 15-20 years (46.87%) and for Cystosarcoma phylloides it was 25-30 years (50%). Most common clinical presentation in benign breast disease is lump (painless). Most common site of involvement was left breast and most common quadrant was upper outer quadrant. Lymph node involvement in benign breast disease is rare.