Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with invasive breast cancer in relation to its serum levels in patients with benign breast disease, and to investigate correlation between MDA serum levels with pathohistological prognostic factors (tumor size, lymph node involvement, and histologic grade [HG]), estrogen receptor (ER) status, and with breast cancer patient’s age and menopausal status.
 Methods: A total of 43 with well-documented invasive breast cancer were included in this study: 27 with positive axillary’s lymph nodes, and 16 with negative axillary’s lymph nodes, and 39 patients with findings of benign breast diseases. MDA determination in serum of breast cancer and benign breast disease patients was performed by the fluorimetric method, immunohistochemical staining was performed for ER, and routine pathohistological examination was conducted for pathohistological factors.
 Results: MDA serum levels in breast cancer patients were significantly higher than MDA serum levels in benign breast disease patients (p = 0.042). No statistically significant difference between MDA serum levels in breast cancer patients with and without lymph node metastases was found (p = 0.238). No statistically significant correlations between MDA serum levels and tumor size (p = 0.256), HG (p = 0.124), or number of positive lymph nodes (0.113) were found. A statistically significant correlation between serum MDA levels and ages of breast cancer patients with lymph node metastases was found (p = 0.006).
 Conclusion: Obtained results support the importance of MDA in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. According to our findings, serum level of MDA could not be a useful prognostic factor in breast cancer.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with invasive breast cancer in relation to its serum levels in patients with benign breast disease, and to investigate correlation between MDA serum levels with pathohistological prognostic factors, estrogen receptor (ER) status, and with breast cancer patient’s age and menopausal status
MDA reacts with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) in an acid medium to MDA levels were determined in 43 patients with breast cancer and 39 patients with benign breast disease, which is considered as a control group
MDA serum levels in breast cancer patients were significantly higher than MDA serum levels in benign breast disease patients (p = 0.042) (Table 1)
Summary
The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with invasive breast cancer in relation to its serum levels in patients with benign breast disease, and to investigate correlation between MDA serum levels with pathohistological prognostic factors (tumor size, lymph node involvement, and histologic grade [HG]), estrogen receptor (ER) status, and with breast cancer patient’s age and menopausal status. Most of the risk factors for breast cancer development and progression are to some extent implicated with reactive species (RS) generation [4,5]. Some of the consequences of carcinoma cell oxidative stress are: Accelerated tumor progression due to RS mediated inactivation of additional tumor suppressor genes within tumor cells and increasing expression of proto-oncogenes [9,10,11], activation of growth-promoting signaling pathways due to RS mediated promotion of cell proliferation in vitro [12], increasing blood supply to tumor cells [13], and increasing risk of metastasis [14]. Oxygen radicals may augment tumor cells migration, increasing the risk of invasion and metastasis [14]
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