Breast Crawl Research Articles

Effect of the Standard Breast Crawl Technique on Initiation of Breastfeeding and Maternal Outcomes

Effect of the Standard Breast Crawl Technique on Initiation of Breastfeeding and Maternal Outcomes

The Impact of Breast Crawl on the Effectiveness of Breastfeeding in the First 48 Hours: A Quasi-experimental Study

Background Breast crawl is known to be the most natural, spontaneous, and logical method of initiating breastfeeding; however, not practiced routinely in many labor rooms. Objective The study’s primary objective was to examine the effect of breast crawl on breastfeeding in the first 48 hours. Method 60 mother-infant dyads were included. Thirty infants were assigned to either Group 1 (breast crawl) or Group 2 (standard care) using a quasi-experimental design. All babies were observed for 1 hour. A blinded investigator did the LATCH (Latch Audible Swallowing Type of Nipple Comfort Hold) score and IBFAT (Infant Breast Feeding Assessment Tool) score at 24 and 48 hours. Result Out of 30 babies in the breast crawl group, 25 (83.3%) successfully completed breast crawl. 20 (80%) of 25 babies completed breast crawl within 45 minutes, and 5 (20%) completed within 60 minutes. LATCH and IBFAT scores were significantly higher in the breast crawl group than in the standard care group at 24 and 48 hours ( p > .01). Scores were significantly higher after 48 hours compared to 24 hours in both groups ( p > .01). Conclusion Most babies in the study successfully crawled the breast and took their first feed within 60 minutes. The breast crawl group had better LATCH and IBFAT scores, indicating a positive impact in the early postnatal period.

Effectiveness of selected Nursing Intervention on Maternal and Newborn Outcome among Primigravida mothers at selected Hospitals, Tamilnadu

Pregnancy and childbirth are universally celebrated events, Yet childbirth is one of the most common stressed and painful situation which adversely affect the maternal health. The present study was to assess the effectiveness of selected nursing intervention on maternal and newborn outcome among primigravida mothers at selected hospitals, Tamil Nadu. The objective of the study was 1. To assess the maternal and newborn outcome in experimental and control group among primigravida mothers. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of selected nursing intervention on maternal and newborn outcome among experimental and control group. 3. To find out the association between post test scores on maternal and newborn outcome among experimental and control group with their selected demographic variables. Design: A one group true experimental post-test only design was adopted for the study. Setting: Annai Theresa hospital and Narayanaa hospital, Chennai. By using simple random sampling 230 primigravida mothers completed 36 weeks of gestation were selected. Methods: Nursing interventions like breathing exercise, massage, position changes implemented during intrapartum period and level of pain perception assessed with universal pain assessment tool during uterine contractions of first stage of labour. Followed by the delivery, early initiation of breast feeding done through breast crawl technique. Effectiveness of selected nursing intervention on Maternal and Newborn outcome among primigravida mothers were measured by Visual Analogue Scale, observational check list and Apgar score chart. Results: The selected nursing interventions are effective in experimental group, the maternal outcome t test value was 10.69(p<0.005) significant, Apgar score t test value was 3.14(p<0.005) significant, newborn outcome t test value was 8.95(p<0.005) significant than control group. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that selected nursing interventions was effective in reducing the level of pain and promote maternal and newborn outcome.

Effect of neonatal breast crawl on breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study

Aim To analyse the effect of breast crawl on neonatal breastfeeding within 5 months of delivery. Design Prospective Cohort Study. Methods Neonates were divided into successful and failed groups, according to whether the newborn crawled to the breast and began sucking for the first time within 1 h after delivery. The initiation of lactation and breastfeeding duration of the two groups were analysed at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, the feeding practices were followed-up on the 7th day, 42nd day, and 5th month in order to explore the long-term benefits of breast crawl on breastfeeding. Results A total of 163 neonates were included. The initiation time and the duration of first feeding, the lactation initiation in the successful group was earlier, the scores of first and in-hospital breastfeeding scales were higher. Public Contribution Breast crawl is the preferred method for mothers to begin breastfeeding. The delivery room is the place where the first breast crawl occurs immediately after delivery. The midwife is the key person to protect this valuable behavior. Therefore, the midwife needs provide valuable opportunities for the breast crawl of the newborn and promote this behavior.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Technique on Initiation of Breastfeeding among Newborns at Selected Hospitals of Kamrup District, Assam

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Technique on Initiation of Breastfeeding among Newborns at Selected Hospitals of Kamrup District, Assam

Effectiveness of Breast Crawl on Initiation of Breastfeeding among Newborn and Mother’s Self Satisfaction in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kochi

Introduction: Breast milk is a divine gift for a baby and breast feeding is the nature’s best way to nurture the newborn. Immediately after the delivery breast feeding encourages the bonding of the mother to her baby. The International Organizations like WHO, UNICEF and WABA recommend that breast feeding should be initiated in the first hour of birth. One of the methods for early initiation of breast feeding was breast crawl. Breast crawl is the natural instinctive behaviour of the newborn and everything in breast crawl is perfectly designed by nature. The present study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of breast crawl technique on initiation of breast feeding among newborns and mothers self-satisfaction in a tertiary care hospital, Kochi. Objectives: The study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of breast crawl on initiation of breast feeding among newborns, compare the time of initiation of breast feeding among newborns in two groups and assess the self-satisfaction of mothers in experimental group. Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental study, with Post-Test only Control group design and quantitative approach conducted in labour room of AIMS, Kochi among 60 full term newborns and born through normal vaginal delivery and selected by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Among the 60 newborns, 30 were allocated to both experimental and control group. The breast crawl technique proposed by UNICEF IN 2018 was performed to experimental group and assessed the initiation of breast feeding by LATCH breast feeding assessment tool. Routine hospital care and health education regarding importance of breast feeding was given to the control group. Results: The mean LATCH breast feeding score was 8.87±0.681 in experimental group and 6.50±0.861 in control group which was found to be significant at p˂0.001. About the time duration for initiation of breastfeeding among the two groups, the mean score was 34.57±5.5 in experimental group and 75.23±4.6 minutes in control group which was found to be significant with p˂0.001. Among the mothers in the experimental group, 57% were highly satisfied, 43% were moderately satisfied and none of the mothers had less satisfaction. Conclusion: Breast crawl technique was found to be effective in breast feeding initiation among the newborn and increased maternal satisfaction among experimental group and expressed that breast crawl was totally a new experience and will suggest it to others. Clinical Significance: Based on the study findings, breast crawl technique can be implemented and practiced in clinical settings for initiation of breast feeding among newborns.

Effectiveness of breast crawl method on selected new born and maternal outcomes

The world health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF recommend initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour after birth.1 The deaths of 8,23,000 children and 20,000 mothers each year could be saved by promoting Universal breastfeeding, along with the economic savings of US $ 300 billion.2 The present study was undertaken with the aim to assess the effectiveness of breast crawl method on selected new-born and maternal outcomes at govt. hospital, Dehradun, Uttrakhand. A Quantitative Approach with a quasi-experimental design using non-probability convenient sampling was used. The results depict that at the p< 0.001l level, the breast crawl method had a significant favorable impact on Newborn Temperature at 1 hour, time of placental expulsion, episiotomy pain perception, and involution of uterine II PPD. There was a statistically significant difference in newborn and maternal outcomes between the experimental and control groups at the p<0.001level. The study concluded that Breast crawl was found to be an efficient approach for maintaining effective body temperature, shortening the duration of placental expulsion, reducing episiotomy pain perception, and assisting in early uterine involution.

Effect of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding on Exclusive Breastfeeding and Stunting: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the act of giving breast milk to babies from 0 to 6 months of age without giving any additional food or drinks, other than medicines. Stunting is a nutritional problem in which there is a linear growth disorder caused by chronic nutritional problems and recurrent infections characterized by a height-for-age index (TB/U) where the Z score is less than -2 SD. Early initiation of breastfeeding is one of the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting. This study aims to examine the effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model (Population: mothers and children 0 to 59 months, Intervention: early initiation of breastfeeding, Comparison: no initiation of early breastfeeding, Outcome: exclusive breastfeeding and stunting). The databases used are PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Schoolar with keywords ((early breastfeeding initiation OR skin to skin contact OR breast crawl) AND (exclusive breastfeeding OR breast feeding) AND (stunting)). There were 19 cross-sectional studies published in 2012-2022 that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with Revman 5.3. Results: 19 articles with a cross-sectional study design originating from Bangladesh, China, Congo, Ecuador, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Malawi, Romania, Rwanda, Spain, and Tanzania involving 160,080 mothers and children 0 to 59 months. A meta-analysis of 11 cross-sectional studies showed that mothers and babies who initiated early breastfeeding were 2.16 times more likely to exclusively breastfeed than those who did not initiate early breastfeeding (aOR= 2.16, 95% CI = 1.76 to 2.65; p<0.001). A meta-analysis of 8 cross-sectional studies showed that mothers and babies who initiated early breastfeeding had a 0.89 times chance of not being stunted compared to those who did not initiate early breastfeeding (aOR= 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.94; p<0.001 ). Conclusion: Early initiation of breastfeeding can increase exclusive breastfeeding. Early initiation of breastfeeding can reduce the incidence of stunting. Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Stunting Incidence, Early Breastfeeding Initiation, Meta-Analysis. Correspondence: Tsamarah Iffah Zahrotin Nisa. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: tsamaraiffah@gmail.com. Mobile: +628-5736314422. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(06): 685-698 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.06.07

THE EFFECT OF WHATSAPP CHAT GROUP MEDIA ON IMD (EARLY BREASTFEEDING INITIATION) ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE PREGNANT MOTHERS IN BENGKULU CITY

ABSTRACTÂ Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD) followed by exclusive breastfeeding is an effort to improve the health of infants and toddlers. Information about the IMD process greatly influences the formation of the intention of mothers who are about to give birth to want to implement the postpartum IMD process. Early initiation of breastfeeding (early intitasion) or early initiation of breastfeeding is that the baby begins to breastfeed itself immediately after birth. So the baby actually has the ability to breastfeed itself, as long as the baby's skin is in contact with the mother's skin, for at least one hour immediately after birth. The way babies initiate early breastfeeding is called the breast crawl or crawling looking for breasts (Utami, 2008). The method of this type of research is pre-experimental research. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the third trimester of 40. The place of research was Bengkulu City. The instrument used was a questionnaire sheet for the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women. The results of the analysis of knowledge in the moderate category were 27 people (59.3%), and 13 people (40.7%) were in the poor category. Most of the respondents had positive attitudes about IMD, namely as many as 29 people (57.4%), and negative attitudes about IMD as many as 11 people (42.6%). Conclusion The knowledge of postpartum mothers about Early Initiation of Breastfeeding is in the sufficient category, the attitude of postpartum mothers about Early Initiation of Breastfeeding is the highest in the positive categoryÂ

Effectiveness of Breast crawl in initiation and maintenance of effective breast feeding among new borns in selected hospital at Kollam

A quantitative research study to assess the effectiveness of breast crawl in initiation and maintenance of effective breast feeding among newborns in selected hospital at Kollam. The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of breast crawl in initiation of breast feeding among newborns, to assess the effectiveness of breast crawl in maintenance of effective breast feeding among newborns and to find the association between the breast crawl of new born with the socio demographic variables. A quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design was used for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 newborns born by normal vaginal delivery who were alternatively posted as experimental group and control group. The tools were demographic proforma, observation checklist for breast crawl, observation checklist for initiation of breast feeding and observation checklist for maintenance of effective breast feeding. Breast crawl given to the experimental group and assessed the initiation of breast feeding. Routine initiation of breastfeeding given to control group. Continuation of breast feeding was assessed equally in both groups, for six feeds in a day for 3days. The unpaired ‘t’ value was used to assess the effectiveness of breast crawl in initiation of breast feeding. The calculated ‘t’ value, (14.47) was greater than table value, (2.660). Effectiveness of breast crawl in maintenance of effective breast feeding was assessed by using unpaired ‘t’ value. The calculated t value in Day I (8.6551), Day II (18.55) and Day III (19.24) were greater than table value (2.660) at 0.05 level of significance. It concludes that there was effectiveness of breast crawl in initiation and maintenance of effective breast feeding among newborns. There was also progressive increase in the second and third day.

Assess the Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Technique on Selected Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Mothers Admitted in Labour Ward at Selected Hospitals of Kheda-Anand District, Gujarat

Background: The Investigator conducted a study to Assess the Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Technique onselected, Maternal and neonatal Outcomes Among Mothers Admitted in Labour Ward at selected hospitalsof Kheda-anand District Gujarat.was carried out by researcher. The objectives of the study were: (1) Toassess the effectiveness of breast crawl technique on maternal and neonatal outcome among experimentalgroup and control group. (2) To find out the association between maternal and neonatal outcomes andselected demographic variables in experimental group. Research Design: A quasi experimental researchapproach was used with non- equivalent control group post test only design. The researcher used nonprobabilitypurposive sampling technique for selecting the 40 samples. Tools :Latch scale was used toassess the initiation of breast feeding, Visual analogue pain scale was used to assess the intensity of pain,and APGAR score was used for newborn assessment. Validity was assessed by 7 experts. Reliability of latchscale, Visual analogue pain scale and APGAR Score was ascertained by using Karl Pearson’s co-relationcoefficient formula. Data Analysis & Results: The data will be analyzed by descriptive statistics such asMean, Standard deviation, Frequency, Percentage. The mean score of effectiveness of breast crawl techniqueon initiation of breast feeding, intensity of pain, newborn assessment was higher in experimental group thanthe control group. So it was revealed that there was significant difference between experimental group andcontrol group. For comparison of effectiveness of breast crawl technique on initiation of breast feeding,intensity of pain, newborn assessment in that mean score was higher and calculated “t” test value is 4.83which is greater than tabulated value 2.09. So, that the research hypothesis is accepted and proved that therewill be significant association between initiation of breast feeding, intensity of pain, newborn assessmentbetween the experimental group and control group. The finding of the study also revealed that there wassignificant association between the initiation of breast feeding, intensity of pain, newborn assessment withselected demographic variables.

A Comparative Study to Assess The Effectiveness of Breast Crawl on Infant Delivery among mothers who underwent Cesarean Delivery Vs Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery

Breast crawl has been described as an instinctive postpartum behavior for full-term children after vaginal birth. The present aim was to assess the effectiveness of breast crawl on infant delivery among postnatal mothers who underwent cesarean delivery vs spontaneous vaginal delivery at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. A quantitative approach with comparative research design was adopted for the present study. A total of 60samples among which in spontaneous vaginal delivery (n=30) and cesarean delivery (n=30) were selected by using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire method was used to collect the demographic data followed by that breast crawl was initiated between infant delivery by vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery among mothers. Among 60 samples, the mean score on the intensity level of pain among mothers delivery infant by vaginal delivery was 3.70±1.29 and the mean score on the intensity level of pain among mothers delivered infant by cesarean delivery was 6.13±1.25. The calculated student independent 't’ test was 7.412, which was found to be effectively significant. This clearly infers that breast crawl was found to be effective in minimizing the intensity level of pain among the mother's delivered infant by spontaneous vaginal delivery than the mother's delivered infant by cesarean delivery.

EFFECTIVENESS OF BREAST CRAWL BY MIDWIVES TO INCREASE BREAST MILK PRODUCTION AMONG POSTPARTUM MOTHERS

Background: Normal Childbirth Care or APN is a standard or a reference for childbirth assistance and a breast crawl, or called IMD, in Indonesia; however, there is lack of its implementation in the midwifery practice. Breast crawl is considered effective in increasing breast milk production among postpartum mothers.Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of breast crawl by midwives to increase the breast milk production in postpartum mothers in Kendari, Indonesia.Methods: True experimental study with posttest only control group design. A total of 30 midwives participated using a total sampling technique. Respondents were given intervention regarding the implementation of breast crawl using the breast crawl pocket book as a research instrument. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test to determine the differences in respondents who were given IMD intervention using the breast crawl pocket book and the control group who did not use the breast crawl pocket book.Result: There was a significant difference between respondents who were given intervention using pocket books and the control group who did not use pocket books with p = 0.039 (0.05).Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the breast milk production of postpartum mothers who were given breast crawl intervention and those who were not given breast crawl intervention by midwives. This intervention is therefore recommended as one of midwifery cares in the community health centers.

Breast Milk Production in terms of Knowledge of Postpartum Mother about the Initiation of Early Breastfeeding in Newborns

Background: Many mothers do not know about the benefits of Breast Crawl. Often mothers have an improper understanding, such as not having to breastfeed the baby because the breast milk has not come out or because the milk that comes out first and yellow is the dirt and stale.Purpose: The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of postpartum knowledge about Breast Crawl in newborn with the smoothness of milk production.Method: This research use analytical method with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted on May 29 to June 23, 2018. The population in this study were all post partum mothers in Sri Widayati Wiwik BPS, SST Tanggungan Ngraho Sub-district Bojonegoro Regency in 2018 as many as 22 people, the sample size of 22 postpartum women was taken by purposive sampling technique. The instrument used is a questionnaire, then performed data processing through editing, coding, scoring and tabulating and analysis of data with Cross tables.Results: The results showed that 22 postpartum mothers in BPS Wiwik Sri Widayati, SST Tanggungan Ngraho Sub-district Bojonegoro Regency is knowledgeable good of 11 people, more than half the smoothness of breast milk production smoothly for 14 people (63,64%).Conclusion: There is relation of maternal knowledge about Breast Crawl on newborn with smoothness of breast milk production at BPS Wiwik Sri Widayati, SST Tanggungan Ngraho Sub-district Bojonegoro Regency. From the results of this study should postpartum mother can improve knowledge especially about Breast Crawl in newborn by coming to counseling conducted by health workers at Maternal & Child Health Centre every month

FEASIBILITY OF BREAST CRAWL IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING INSTITUTE

Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding has many beneficial effects for both the mother and the baby. The breast crawl has been established as the ideal method for promoting early skin-to-skin contact and early initiation of breastfeeding. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility of breast crawl in a busy tertiary care institute. Materials and Methods: An observational study was performed including 50 mother-baby pairs, admitted to the labor room of Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, from January2018 for 6 months. Observations were made on patient and nurse attitude and behavior and were further analyzed. Results: Of the total subjects, 23 (46%) mothers had not received any counseling about breastfeeding during the antenatal period and none of them were familiar with the idea of breast crawl from the antenatal period. Of the 50 mothers, 27 mothers (54%) were concerned about privacy, 8 (16%) were concerned about environmental cold, 6 (12%) were worried about exposure, and 9 mothers (18%) were concerned about the baby, whereas 6 mothers (12%) had no concerns and 6 mothers had more than one concern. The attitude of the nursing staff was favorable (enthusiastic) 19 times, indifferent 23 times, reluctant 6 times, and unfavorable (uncooperative) 2 times. Conclusion: While it is highly desirable to implement breast crawl as a routine practice, there are several roadblocks such as lack of antenatal counseling, lack of awareness and motivation, lack of specific guidelines and instructions, skewed staff-to-patient and bed-to-patient ratio, and lack of privacy.

Breast crawl at birth, effect on breastfeeding rate and infant growth in infants delivered at an urban tertiary care public hospital: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionEstablishing successful breastfeeding within the first hour of infant’s life has been shown to have an inverse relationship with maternal breastfeeding difficulties and decreased neonatal mortality. Patients and MethodsWe compared the effect of immediate breast crawl with standard care on maternal perception of breastfeeding, mother infant bonding and maternal satisfaction at hospital discharge, breastfeeding rates, infant weights at 6 weeks and at 6 months. Eligible pregnant women after birth were randomized. In the breast crawl group, immediate skin to skin contact was practiced till 1 hour or till the infant had the first breast feeding. In the control group no skin to skin contact was practiced. Results200 mother infant dyads were enrolled in the study. Breast crawl was successful in 90% of the infants. No difference in breastfeeding rates was observed between the two groups at 6 weeks or at 6months age [94.8% (n= 97) vs. 95.7% (n=95), OR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.93-1.05 and 92.7% (n= 97) vs. 94.6% (n=93) OR 0.98 95% CI: 0.92-1.05]. The breastfeeding assessment score and maternal perception of breastfeeding and infant activity were significantly better in the crawl group (OR 10.2, 95% CI :5.12 -20). No difference in infant bonding scores was observed between the two groups. The mean weight at discharge was similar between the two groups. The mean infant weight at 6 months of age were significantly better in the crawl group [6767 ±843 grams vs. 6475 ±843 grams, p=0.018)]. ConclusionBreast crawl at birth improves the breastfeeding and maternal perception of breastfeeding at hospital discharge and the infant weights at 6 months of age. StrengthEducation and motivation of the mothers and labor room team, good breastfeeding rates in the control group are some of the unique features of this study. LimitationConsistent presence of the research assistant.

Worldwide prevalence of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact after vaginal birth: A systematic review.

BackgroundDespite the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendation for immediate skin-to-skin contact (SSC) after birth, separation of mothers and infants seems to be common practice in many hospitals. It is unknown how common the practice of SSC is worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to determine the reported prevalence of SSC for healthy mothers and infants immediately after normal birth.MethodsWe systematically searched CINAHL, Medline, ProQuest Central, PubMed and the Cochrane Library for articles published between January 2007 and October 2017 using the keywords "kangaroo care" or "skin to skin contact" or "breastfeeding initiation" or "breast crawl" or "maternal infant contact" or "maternal newborn contact" or "baby friendly hospital initiative" or "ten steps for successful breastfeeding”.ResultsAfter an initial screening of 5266 records, 84 full text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 35 of these met the inclusion criteria. The studies were from 28 countries representing all six WHO world regions. There was a wide range in the practice of SSC for mother-infant dyads around the world: from 1% to 98%. Only 15 studies clearly defined SSC. Most of the studies were from high-income countries, and these reported higher rates of SSC than studies from low and middle-income countries.ConclusionThere was a great heterogeneity in the definition of SSC as well as study designs, which makes cross-county comparison difficult. National studies reporting SSC rates are lacking. Future studies and guidelines to enhance SSC practice should include a standardised set of indicators and measurement tools that document SSC starting time and duration of SSC.

Highlights in this issue

American guidelines suggest that neonatal resuscitation is considered at 23 weeks of gestation, one week earlier than the Netherlands. Prenatal counselling practice at the threshold of viability also differed between the two countries, according to a survey by Schrijvers et al. 1. American neonatologists preferred more frequent and longer counselling sessions than Dutch neonatologists and discussed more intensive care topics and long-term complications. Both preferred a shared decision model, where parents and neonatologists agreed on whether to initiate treatment at the threshold of viability. The diagnosis of tongue-tie has increased more than 10-fold in some countries. A simple tongue-tie can be treated with a frenotomy, but even subjecting infants to a minor surgical procedure causes pain, stress and possibly long-term neurological harm. A global survey by Jin et al. 2 found that there were considerable professional and geographical differences in the diagnosis and treatment of infants with tongue-tie. A review by Hentschel 3 concluded that breastfeeding problems should be the only relevant criterion for carrying out a frenotomy in infancy. Paracetamol is widely used as an analgesic and fever-reducing drug. Although it is generally considered safe, it is a major cause of suspected poisoning in infancy. Benini et al. 4 report that paracetamol and ibuprofen were inappropriately used in 83% and 63% of cases in Italian paediatric emergency departments. Dan-Nielsen et al. 5 reviewed hospital records of preschool children with suspected paracetamol poisoning in three Danish hospitals and found that the incidence of significant poisoning was low (0.5%) and there were no cases of liver injury. Orzalesi 6 discusses the complex issue of pain management in children. There is no worldwide consensus on the best way to wean preterm infants from nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). In a randomised crossover study, Brenne et al. 7 compared the breathing effort in 21 preterm infants during weaning from respiratory support. The infants were given high-flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) at 6 L/minute for four hours and nCPAP at 3 cm H2O for four hours, with a one-hour washout period between treatments. No difference in the breathing effort was found, and the authors concluded that HFNC could replace nCPAP when preterm infants are ready for weaning. Jonsson 8 comments on the findings. Healthy newborn infants use what is called the breast crawl to reach the maternal mammary gland by themselves and start nutritive sucking. Zanardo 9. point out that aspects of the first mother–baby interaction are not yet fully understood, but the mother's nipple-areola provides an explosion of sensory stimuli, which are recognised by her offspring. These include a wide variety of olfactory, visual, auditory and tactile stimuli. The most important sensory stimulus seems to be the olfactory one. In addition to the odour, the nipple-areola's temperature is higher than the surrounding area and may guide the newborn infant to the breast. Figures 1–5: Istockphoto.com.

Monitoring and evaluation of intranatal facilities at community health centre level in Siddharth Nagar district

Background: Despite WHO and UNICEF are leaving no stone unturn to promote breastfeeding in health facilities globally, there is poor status of breastfeeding in rural India till today. in 2012, U.P had one of the poorest maternal and neonatal health outcomes in India. Assessment the implementation of practice of skin to skin contact and early initiation of breastfeeding.Methods: It was a descriptive longitudinal study. This study was carried out in CHC Khisraha and CHC Mithwal in Siddharthnagar, over a period of 3 months. All pregnant women admitted for normal delivery during data collection period and had positive outcome was our study sample. A total of 101 samples were observed and interviewed.Results: Most of the beneficiaries were from age group 20-22 years (46.5%). Pre-term delivery was high (26.7%) in present study. Only in 12% of cases radiant warmer were switched on 20-30 minutes before delivery. Only 3% of babies born were dried with pre-warmed towel/cloth. Practice of skin to skin contact was observed in 97% of cases. Only in 18.8% of cases babies followed breast crawl. All babies were given pre-lacteal feed. Only in 8.9% of cases initiation of breastfeeding was done within 30 minutes.Conclusions: Supportive supervision of staff nurses for STS contact and BF initiation is needed. Counselling and training of ASHA worker about benefits of early BF and STS contact for both mother and baby.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pemberian Asi Pada Bayi Neonatal Di Rsia Pertiwi Makassar

Breast milk contains high immune antibodies and killer germs that can reduce the risk of infant mortality but exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Indonesia is only 55,7% and has not reached the government target of 80%. This study aims to determine the relation between delivery process of baby, breast crawl and mother’s knowledge with exclusive breastfeeding at RSIA Pertiwi Makassar.The research is an analytical research with cross sectional design. Samples of this study are 155 newborn babies at RSIA Pertiwi Makassar. Data collected by interview using questionnaire then analyzed by Chi Square Test in SPSS program. The results show that there are 54,2% respondents who gave exclusive breastfeeding. There are 59,4% respondents with normal delivery process. There are 20,6% respondents who did breast crawl. Thera are 11,6% respondents with good knowledge. The result of statistical test shows that there are relation between delivery process of baby, breast crawl, and mother’s knowledge with exclusive breastfeeding.