Break Time Research Articles

Possibilities of Preservative-Free Therapy for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of trabeculectomy and evaluate the change of the state of the tissues of the anterior segment of the eye in patients with long-term use of preservative and non-preserved hypotensive therapy before surgery. Patients and Methods. The study was conducted in a group of 30 patients (30 eyes) aged from 58 to 77 years with uncompensated primary openangle glaucoma, who were admitted to the glaucoma surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the hypotensive regimen used before surgery: group I - patients who used preservative-containing local hypotensive drugs; Group II - patients who used Traviolan© and other non-preservative hypotensive drugs before antiglaucoma surgery. At the initial examination, the collection and analysis of patient complaints, visometry, tonometry, and biomicroscopy of the structures of the anterior segment of the eye were performed. Patients complaints were assessed on the OSDI test questionnaire. The study of total tear production was investigated using the Schirmer test. The tear film break time study investigated the Norn test. Observation and re-examinations were performed a week, 1 month and 3 months after trabeculectomy. Results. A week after glaucoma surgery, there was a short-term deterioration in the parameters by which dry eye disease (DED) was assessed: in group I, OSDI was 11.8 ± 3.3, Schirmer and Norn tests — 5.3 ± 1.3 mm and 4.3 ± 1.0 sec, respectively. In group II OSDI was 10.7 ± 3.5, Schirmer and Norn tests were 8.2 ± 2.2 mm and 4.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively. After 1 and 3 months, the DED indicators improved, more pronounced in group I: after 1 and 3 months, OSDI was 12.9 ± 3.7 and 12.9 ± 4.2, respectively; Schirmer’s test — respectively, 7.4 ± 1.9 and 7.0 ± 1.8 mm; Norn’s test — 5.1 ± 0.8 and 5.2 ± 0.9 sec. In group II, 1 and 3 months after trabeculectomy, OSDI was 12.4 ± 3.0 and 12.4 ± 2.4. Schirmer’s test was 9.9 ± 2.1 and 9.5 ± 1.7 mm, Norn’s test was 5.5 ± 1.2 and 5.5 ± 1.3 sec, respectively. At all follow-up periods, except for week 1, there was a significant intergroup difference between the studied parameters of dry eye disease (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Long-term use of preservative-containing hypotensive therapy contributes to the development of chronic toxic-allergic conjunctivitis, which affects the long-term prognosis of trabeculectomy and the quality of life associated with DED. One of the ways to minimize such negative effects is the use of preservative-free drugs in the selection of glaucoma therapy. The use of a preservative-free form of travoprost is justified due to its high selectivity for FP-prostanoid receptors, which ensures high efficiency and less side effects. The improvement in DED parameters associated with cancel of therapy after surgery is more pronounced in the group of patients who initially took preservative-free drugs.

Multiplication performance of monkey jack by cleft grafting on single source seedling rootstock

The present research work was undertaken to study the fate of cleft grafting of five potential monkey jack genotypes during 2020-2021 at the Germplasm Center, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. Scions from five in situ conserved promising mother plants named as Dumki-Al-S1, Dumki-Al-S2, Dumki-Al-S3, Dumki-Al-S4 and Kalapara-Al-S5 were cleft grafted on seedling rootstock (Dumki-Al-R1) of single genotype. A pot experiment was set in two-factor (Scions and Days after grafting) RCBD with 10 replications. The time required to break bud varied significantly among the treatments and ranged from 14 to 20 days. Dumki-Al-S1 required the maximum time to bud break (20 days) followed by Dumki-Al-S3 (18 days). Dumki-Al-S2 took minimum time (14 days) for bud breaking. The maximum increased length of rootstock found in Dumki-Al-S2 which were 55.00, 55.70, 56.44 and 65.30 cm at 21, 42, 63 and 84 days after grafting (DAG), respectively, followed by Kalapara-Al-S5 (61.80, 54.80, 55.30, and 57.12 cm at 21, 42, 63 and 84 DAG, respectively). Kalapara-Al-S5 showed maximum diameter of rootstock (1.44, 1.70, 1.80 and 1.94 cm at 21, 42, 63 and 84 DAG, respectively) followed by Dumki-Al-S4 (1.08, 1.24, 1.34 and 1.42 cm at 21, 42, 63 and 84 DAG, respectively). The length and diameter of scion of Dumki-Al-S4 and Kalapara-Al-S5 were higher and statistically identical at 84 DAG. The maximum graft height was recorded in Kalapara-Al-S5 (70.60, 73.40, 76.00 and 77.10 cm at 21, 42, 63 and 84 DAG, which was statistically similar with Dumki-Al-S2. Kalapara-Al-S5, Dumki-Al-S3 and Dumki-Al-S4 showed maximum number of leaves per graft at 84 DAG. The maximum graft success of 40% was observed in both Dumki-Al-S1 and Dumki-Al-S3 at 84 DAG, whereas, other treatments had less than 20% graft success. Kalapara-Al-S5 and Dumki-Al-S2 showed significantly higher and identical number of sprouted shoots at 84 DAG. Dumki-Al-S1 showed the maximum lengths and diameters of shoot at 84 DAG. The overall performance of the stionic combinations indicated that Dumki-Al-S1 and Dumki-Al-S3 were found promising for further grafting trials with seedling rootstocks.

Understanding the Break-in of PEM Fuel Cells: A Comprehensive Study of Break-in Methods and Underlying Mechanisms

The break-in process of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells is critical for their performance and durability. While there is a rising number of publications on break-in procedures, a comprehensive comparison of break-in procedures is missing. In this study, we investigate the impact of several break-in procedures, including potentiostatic holds, potential cycling, air starvation, and hydrogen pumping, on the performance of PEM fuel cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curves. The measurements provide valuable insights into the underlying break-in mechanisms that contribute to the activation of the catalyst layers, the membrane and the interface of both. The results can guide the optimization of break-in protocols and reduce the break-in time and, therefore, the production costs of PEM fuel cells.

Study of the Properties of Iron/Iron Redox Flow Batteries

New energy storage technologies are needed to offset the erratic power supply of renewable energy sources due to the rising global energy demand and the urgency of climate change action. Even if there are still concerns with operational parameters and efficiency, the Iron/Iron redox flow battery is a viable contender for large-scale energy storage. Iron is a highly affordable active material, making it possible to create inexpensive energy storage systems and possibly batteries with very low initial investment costs due to the positive electrode's moderate pH and relatively low voltage, maintaining minimal toxicity and aggression. Many challenges have been faced in the experiments on iron/iron redox flow batteries. For example, hydrogen formation and its impacts on the system must be minimized to ensure long-term use as an energy storage device. Iron hydroxides quickly form in response to elevated pH levels or contact with ambient oxygen, which restricts the battery's effectiveness.For each series, various iron/iron redox flow batteries were assembled, and their functional properties were studied as a sustainability factor. The functional properties of the battery, such as an increase in electrolyte volume, an increase in charge/discharge times, the addition of a break time between charge/discharge cycles, varied charge cut-off voltages, varied discharge cut-off voltages and IU charge/discharge were investigated. It was also possible to complete more than 50 cycles with 8 hours of charging time and calculate and compare efficiencies and other performance values. The 8 hours of charge/discharge parameter proved to be the most suitable for conducting long-term cycling experiments because of the increased CE and EE trendline over 25 cycles. The 60 minutes rest time recorded a delay of charge voltage with a maximum of 35 minutes starting from the third cycle because of the blockage of the membrane and polarization effects. An optimized battery achieved up to 62% energy efficiency at 25 mA/cm2 with 4 hours of charging time and 8.01 Ah maximum theoretical capacity. Figure 1

A Study on Impedance Change of Lithium-Ion Batteries Depending on Charging Current Profile at Low Temperature

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) are used in various portable electronic devices due to their advantages such as high energy density, power, and long lifespan. Therefore, various studies are being conducted to improve the capacity and power of LIBs and to increase their stability. As a result, LIBs has become a key component of electric vehicles(EVs) and hybrid vehicles(HEVs), which are rapidly increasing in recent years. However, even in these LIBs, the electrochemical reaction and the diffusion rate of lithium ions rapidly decrease at low temperatures, resulting in serious performance degradation. Therefore, low-temperature charging causes lithium plating and dendrite formation to reduce cell life and in severe cases cause cell rupture. In particulary, in the case of EVs and HEVs that are charged outdoors, low-temperature charging can cause serious problems such as battery rupture as well as shortened lifespan. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the effect of various charging techniques such as CC-CV, multi-stage CC, and pulse on the low-temperature impedance change of LIB and propose an optimal charging technique for stable charging.AT first, test cells for the experiment were fabricated and activated, and then capacity and impedance were measured at room temperature. After that, the charge/discharge cycle experiment of each test cell was performed by applying the CC-CV, multi-step CC, and pulse charging methods at low temperature. After the cycle experiment, the capacity and impedance change of each test cell were measured at room temperature, and the correlation between the capacitance change and the impedance change was analyzed. As a result, the greatest change occurred in the resistance and capacitance components of the SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) layer, which is common to all charging methods. However, among the three charging methods, the pulse charging method had the smallest change in capacity and impedance. This is because the repetitive rest period of pulse charging gives relaxation time for diffusion of Li-ions. Next, morphological changes of the LIB anode were confirmed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result, it was confirmed that the lithium plating and dendrite generated during low-temperature charging additionally reacted with the electrolyte to form an additional SEI layer, thereby changing the thickness and shape of the SEI layer. Therefore, it was confirmed that the change of the SEI layer caused the LIB impedance change. Finally, we confirmed that a low current density or charging current with sufficient break time such as pulse charging is most effective in maintaining the endurance of LIBs at low temperatures.

Neuroplasicity and the developmental dyslexia intervention

A growing body of literature suggests that timing plays a critical role in neuroplasticity processes and the molecular mechanisms necessary for learning and memory [1, 2]. Of particular significance to remedial education is identifying the time parameters for primary stimulation that are necessary and sufficient, the time frame relevant for transitioning to long-term memory, and the appropriate periods for restimulation. The translation of short-term stimulation into long-term memory is regulated by diverse processes that are mechanistically distinct and activated by synaptic activity [1], while also relying on protein and glycoprotein synthesis [3] and myelination processes. The current research explores the potential benefits of incorporating neuroscience research on the timing of neuroplasticity mechanisms in designing intervention programs for individuals with developmental dyslexia, specifically focusing on enhancing cognitive functions and skills crucial for reading. Based on available evidence, we have determined optimal training and break time periods for a 10-year-old child with developmental dyslexia resulting from multiple deficits. During the 21-day intervention program, 12 training sessions were conducted each day, commencing at 8 or 9 am and held hourly thereafter. Each session comprised a brief, targeted training exercise ranging from 3 to 7 minutes, depending on the child’s aptitude, followed by a playing session or computer game lasting up to 15 minutes. A 40-minute break followed each session. Brief training sessions were required due to the swift exhaustion of the subject child. The sessions were selected based on the evidence that brief stimulation can still result in a high level of CERB phosphorylation, even if it lasts only a few minutes [4]. Playing sessions were necessary for supporting the child’s motivation throughout the lengthy and intensive intervention program, and the activities performed during these sessions were pertinent to developing specific skills. The duration of the breaks was determined by evidence indicating the time required for primary memory consolidation processes and protein synthesis necessary for long-lasting synaptic plasticity. We have made an effort to eliminate any potential sources of emotional engagement or significant new information during breaks, allowing the initial stage of memory consolidation to occur without any unnecessary disruption. During the training sessions, various tasks were used to target specific types of processing such as phonological, visual, speech, and multimodal processing (e.g., visual-motor, audio-visual, or reading). Each session exclusively focused on one type of exercise. In our prior study [5], we discussed the linguistic aspects of the program and the exercises employed. Significant progress was achieved as a result of the 21-day intervention, surpassing the progress achieved in three years of schooling and during traditional remediation programs with speech therapists that lasted 1–3 sessions per week for 40–120 minutes. Following the intensive intervention, supportive training was continued for one year while considering the crucial timing for neuroplasticity. Afterward, the child reached a normative level of reading, and the effect was maintained throughout their entire period of school education. Based on the timing of neuroplasticity processes, this is the first intensive intervention program experience for dyslexia that we are aware of. Intensive remediation programs, based on relevant findings regarding the mechanisms of memory consolidation, may enhance neural memory trace reinforcement. However, further research is necessary to optimize the timing and length of sessions and identify the most effective combination of linguistic and neurophysiological aspects for intervention.

Low-temperature gel breaking fracturing fluid for marine hydrate reservoir fracturing and its effect on phase equilibrium of methane hydrates

Hydraulic fracturing has been proven useful for improving the gas production efficiency of low-permeability hydrate reservoirs. However, no specific fracturing fluid system exists for marine hydrate reservoirs. Applying conventional water-based fracturing fluids in low-temperature (<293.2 K) marine hydrate reservoirs can lead to difficulties in gel-breaking and hydrate instability caused by external additives. In this study, we developed two water-based fracturing fluid systems that exhibited good gel-breaking performance at low temperatures (278.2–288.2 K), one comprising ammonium persulfate (APS), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), and citric acid (CA), the other APS and triethanolamine (TEA). In addition, we investigated the influence of crosslinking and gel-breaking reactions of the fracturing fluids on the methane hydrate phase equilibrium. The breaking time of the APS-FeSO4-CA system at 278.2K, 283.2K, and 288.2K was 30 min, 75 min, and 120 min respectively. On the other hand, the APS-TEA system accomplished the same task in 3 h, 6 h, and 10 h respectively. Furthermore, methane hydrate phase-equilibrium data showed that the fracturing fluid's three states, base fluid (BF), fracturing fluid gel (FFG), and gel-breaking liquid (GBL), all exerted an inhibitory effect on the phase equilibrium, with the hydrate suppression temperature (ΔT) ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 K. The differences in their inhibitory effect were primarily related to the micromorphology of the hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) molecules and the number of active hydroxyl (-OH) groups in the solution. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements revealed that the micromorphology of HPG in BF, FFG, and GBL transformed from regular ribbon-like structures to 3-D network structures and then to hole-containing, short ribbon-like structures. FFG formed a regular 3-D network structure after adding crosslinking agents to the BF. The ΔT values reversed from FFG < BF to FFG > BF when the HPG concentration increased from 0.3 wt% to 0.5 wt%, possibly due to the difference in the HPG molecules' water adsorption capacity before and after crosslinking. The broken HPG molecules with OH− groups in the solution were transformed into residues after gel-breaking, decreasing the GBL's inhibitory effect. Therefore, our results indicated that micromorphology variations could cause differences in the HPG molecules' water adsorption capacity, ultimately leading to ΔT differences. Based on our findings, the gel-breaking fracturing fluid systems we developed demonstrated potential for optimizing hydraulic fracturing in marine hydrate reservoirs.

Intelligent control of emulsion stability and evaluation of selective water shutoff performance

Using hydrophobic nano-SiO2 and a tiny amount of non-ionic and anionic surfactants as stabilizers, a Pickering emulsion system for oil-in-water in high-temperature and high-mineralization reservoirs was developed. At high temperatures (120 °C) and high mineralization (37000 mg/L), the emulsion system shows outstanding stability. The addition of the auxiliary agent can effectively control the time of emulsion breaking and nanoparticle release. The auxiliary agent will "compete" with the surfactant for adsorption on nanoparticles at the oil/water interface, weakening the surfactant's anchoring effect and causing a decrease in the surface roughness of the nanoparticles, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical strength of the interfacial film. Furthermore, the presence of H+ in the solution neutralizes part of the negative charges on the surface of emulsion droplets, which is detrimental to emulsion stability because electrostatic repulsion between droplets is diminished. The released SiO2 particles agglomerate in the pore throat to form a hydrophobic filter cake, which can be used to achieve intelligent water control in high-temperature and high-mineralization reservoirs (1000 mD), with an aqueous phase plugging rate of 95.83% and an oil phase plugging rate of 25.32%.

Climate-related variation in leaf size and phenology of Betula ermanii in multiple common gardens

ABSTRACT Leaf phenology and properties are the vital traits of productivity and fitness of individual trees. Understanding the climatic conditions associated with the trait variation is essential for evaluation of the tree species’ capacity to face and adapt to environmental change. This study focused on the habits of the tree species in the alpine forests where they are experiencing some of the highest rates of warming under recent climate change. Thus, we examined the climate-related variation in leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA) and the timing of bud break in common gardens of Betula ermanii across a wide latitudinal range, as well as their height that was strongly correlated with leaf traits. Based on analysis of variance, all recorded traits were found to be genetically controlled, and leaf area was most strongly affected by genetic factors. Traits of saplings from higher latitudinal populations included taller height, larger leaf area, larger SLA and earlier bud break. Leaf area of B. ermanii saplings was strongly correlated with the height of the saplings, as taller saplings exhibited larger leaves. Saplings derived from regions with fewer precipitation in summer showed taller height and larger leaves. In contrast, we could not observe significant associations between SLA and timing of bud break, and any climatic variable for two experimental years. Increasing earliness of bud break of B. ermanii with increases in latitude was likely to associate with the gradients of photoperiod. Climate gradients between populations seemed to contribute to the geographic variation in the height, leaf and phenological traits of B. ermanii.

Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan E-KTP di Kecamatan Tallo Kota Makassar

This research aims to analyze the quality of E-KTP services in Tallo District, Makassar City. The new public service paradigm presented, the author believes that all of this emphasizes citizen participation in formulating public service programs that support the needs of citizens, have equal rights, provide space for public participation and transparency of service providers in dealing with citizens. state, accountability in accordance with programs, norms and implementation carried out by bureaucratic institutions so far. Through qualitative research methods, the results show that E-KTP services in Tallo District show that the quality of service is still less than optimal. This is due to the fact that the number of employees in the service department is still very insufficient in serving the community, starting from a shortage of employees and several employees who lack discipline. When the break time is over, employees are found not to be in the Tallo District office, which causes service employees in the Tallo District office to suffer. The workload has increased due to the limited number of employees available to serve the community, so that these employees experience excessive stress in checking files and inputting community data in the process of making E-KTPs in Tallo District, Makassar City.

2023/28 Break times under ‘stand-by duty’: working time or not? (GE)

2023/28 Break times under ‘stand-by duty’: working time or not? (GE)

Dynamic positioning method and precision analysis of marine seismic vertical cables

AbstractSimilar to conventional ocean bottom seismometers and ocean bottom cables, the attitude and position of vertical cables deployed on the seafloor should be calibrated. However, due to the effect of ocean currents, the cable attitude is not stationary. Therefore, a new method for the dynamic repositioning of vertical cables is required. The dynamic repositioning of the hydrophones on vertical cables plays an important role in accurately describing the structure of the stratum and establishing an accurate velocity model. To realize the dynamic positioning of marine vertical cables, the shot lines are divided according to time, the first break time objective equation is established and the receiver position in each time period is obtained using the inversion methods outlined in this work. By analysing the trace spacing, first break time, shot point coordinate accuracy, temporal resolution, shot line spacing and other factors after repositioning, it is found that the first break time pickup accuracy and shot line spacing are the main factors that affect the repositioning accuracy. Furthermore, the resolution is limited by the timing of a single shot line. Additionally, the trace spacing after repositioning is consistent with the actual situation, which verifies the correctness and feasibility of this method.

Peramalan Jumlah Sampah di Kabupaten Lombok Timur dengan Metode ARIMA dan Dekomposisi

AbstractForecasting is the science of predicting events that will occur using historical data and projecting them into the future with some form of mathematical model that aims to handle and policy in the future. In forecasting there are several methods, two of which are Autoregeressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Decomposition. ARIMA is a method developed by George Box and Gwilym Jenkins in 1970. The Decomposition Method is a method that decomposes (breaks) time series data into several patterns, namely trend, cyclical and seasonal, and identifies each of these components separately. Both of these methods can be applied in various fields, one of which is in the field of environmental health, especially data on the amount of waste. Problems related to the amount of waste in East Lombok are still a concern of the government because as the population increases and the needs of the community each year have the potential to cause waste problems. The final disposal site (TPA) in East Lombok is located in Ijo Balit, this TPA is the only one in East Lombok. The purpose of this research is to see which method is the best between ARIMA and Decomposition, and to see the forecasting results of the amount of waste entering TPA Ijo Balit from the best method. Based on the results of the analysis carried out by the Decomposition model, it gives the best performance in terms of the smallest error value so that it can be used for Forecasting and produces an RMSE value of 5201.694, a MAPE of 0.955827 and a MASE of 0.0129691. The results of forecasting using the Decomposition method are that the highest forecast occurs in December, while the lowest occurs in January with a total of 1,439,439 (tons) and 1,117,000 (tons). Keywords: Forecasting, ARIMA, Decomposition, Waste

Proposal and Evaluation of GPU Offloading Parts Reconfiguration During Applications Operations for Environment Adaptation

In recent years, not only CPUs with few cores but also heterogeneous hardware such as GPUs, FPGAs, and multi-core CPUs are increasingly used in many applications. However, to fully utilize these, users need to have technical knowledge that covers hardware such as CUDA. To overcome this high technical barrier, we have proposed environment-adaptive software that enables high-performance operation by automatically converting application code written for normal CPUs by engineers in accordance with the deployed environment and by setting appropriate amounts of resources. So far, we have also verified the elemental technologies that automatically offload to GPU and FPGA before the start of operation. Until now, we only considered conversions and settings before the start of operation. In this paper, we verify that the logic is reconfigured in accordance with the usage characteristics during operation. Especially for GPU logic, there is no example of reconfiguration during operation, so the proposed method can be expected to have a great impact on clouds or similar businesses. We propose a GPU reconfiguration method during operation and find that the application running on the GPU is reconfigured to other offload loops or other offload applications in accordance with the current usage trends. Through a reconfiguration experiment, performance improvement and break time are measured, and the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated.

Structural homeostasis and controlled release for anthocyanin in oral film via sulfated polysaccharides complexation

Oral film is a novel functional carrier, which can provide a new pathway for the efficient absorption of anthocyanin. However, anthocyanin homeostasis in oral film is a prerequisite for achieving efficient absorption and utilization of anthocyanin. Herein, three sulfated polysaccharides, including chondroitin sulfate (CS), fucoidin (FU) and λ-carrageenan (λ-CG), were complexed with blueberry anthocyanin (BA) to prepare oral film formulations using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a film-forming matrix. The addition of three sulfated polysaccharides improved the stability of BA in content and color, which were associated with interactions between BA and polysaccharides. The BA retention rate of CS-BA/HPMC system increased 5.5-fold after 8 d of light-accelerated storage compared with the control group, showing the best homeostasis effect. CS and λ-CG enhanced the elongation at break and prolonged disintegration time of oral films. The addition of FU made the oral film denser and smoother, and had the highest BA release (75.72 %) in the simulated oral cavity system. In addition, the oral films of three sulfated polysaccharides complexed with BA showed superior antioxidant capacity. The present study provides new insights into the application of anthocyanin in film formulation carriers.

The optimal allocation of H-SFCL in MVDC SPS

Medium voltage direct current shipboard power system (MVDC SPS) is the development trend of navy in the future. At present, one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of MVDC SPS is that the short fault. There is a lack of effective means to limit short fault current to protect MVDC SPS. This paper presents a method of applying a hybrid type superconducting fault current limiter (H-SFCL) to MVDC SPS protection. The architecture and system modeling of MVDC SPS are introduced, and the mechanism of bipolar DC short fault is analyzed. The topology and working principle of H-SFCL are introduced. The small-scale prototype experiment is done, the current limiting effect of H-SFCL is compared with resistive type superconducting fault current limiter (R-SFCL) and flux-coupling type superconducting fault current limiter (FC-SFCL) in the prototype test, so as to verify the superiority of H-SFCL. A dual objective hierarchical optimization configuration method is proposed, and the number and position of H-SFCLs are verified on a four-terminal system, as well as multi-objective optimization for H-SFCLs. A fault isolation and H-SFCL optimal allocation evaluation model is proposed; An improved method suitable for fault isolation and multi-objective optimal allocation of H-SFCLs is proposed to address the issue of breaking timing between internal switches in H-SFCLs and external circuit breakers in the optimization process. The research results indicate that the proposed optimal allocation method can optimize the inductance, resistance, and switch breaking time inside the current limiter, and can match the timing with the external circuit breaker; The proposed multi-objective optimization configuration method has a maximum effective individual ratio of 88% in the first 20 generations of improvement, and the improved iteration speed has significantly increased. In the 5th generation, the effective individual ratio can reach 100%.

Factors Contribute to Job Stress among Indonesian Lecturers Working from Home During Pandemic

Introduction: Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all non-critical sectors require their workers to work remotely, including lecturers. All teaching and learning activities are carried out online. During this period, the problem of psychosocial disorders is of particular concern. Therefore, a study is deemed necessary to analyze what factors contribute to job stress in lecturers working from home during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total 0f 111 respondents. This study was conducted through an online survey. The population of this study was lecturers. All data were collected in 2021. Variables in this study were sex, age, working time per day, break time per day, sleep time per day, workout time per week, circadian rhythm, insomnia and work stress. Results: The results of this study indicate that there is no relationship between sex and job stress also a very weak relationship strength between age, sleep time per day, workout time per week, circadian rhythm, insomnia and job stress. Furthermore, there is a strong, unidirectional relationship between working time and job stress level and a weak relationship between break time per day and job stress level. Conclusion: The conclusion is that all variables except sex have a relationship with job stress but with varying degrees. Further research on this study in different population and different methods is suggested.

Wave statistics and energy dissipation of shallow-water breaking waves in a tank with a level bottom

The present study focuses on two-dimensional direct numerical simulations of shallow-water breaking waves, specifically those generated by a wave plate at constant water depths. The primary objective is to quantitatively analyse the dynamics, kinematics and energy dissipation associated with wave breaking. The numerical results exhibit good agreement with experimental data in terms of free-surface profiles during wave breaking. A parametric study was conducted to examine the influence of various wave properties and initial conditions on breaking characteristics. According to research on the Bond number ( $Bo$ , the ratio of gravitational to surface tension forces), an increased surface tension leads to the formation of more prominent parasitic capillaries at the forwards face of the wave profile and a thicker plunging jet, which causes a delayed breaking time and is tightly correlated with the main cavity size. A close relationship between wave statistics and the initial conditions of the wave plate is discovered, allowing for the classification of breaker types based on the ratio of wave height to water depth, $H/d$ . Moreover, an analysis based on inertial scaling arguments reveals that the energy dissipation rate due to breaking can be linked to the local geometry of the breaking crest $H_b/d$ , and exhibits a threshold behaviour, where the energy dissipation approaches zero at a critical value of $H_b/d$ . An empirical scaling of the breaking parameter is proposed as $b = a(H_b/d - \chi _0)^n$ , where $\chi _0 = 0.65$ represents the breaking threshold and $n = 1.5$ is a power law determined through the best fit to the numerical results.

A SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS FOUND ON A POSTER IN KITKAT INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT

This study discusses the importance of effective communication in exchanging information and ideas between individuals through verbal and visual signs. A semiotic approach is used to analyze the meaning contained in the Instagram KitKat poster. The theory of Saussure (2011) and Barthes (1977) was used to analyze the verbal and visual signs on the posters. The aim of this analysis is to understand what verbal and visual signs are and to uncover the complex messages behind their surface appearances, highlighting how signs are used to convey each meaning. Three KitKat posters from the @kitkat account were reviewed, revealing a dynamic brand communication strategy. This analysis shows how verbal signs such as slogans and brand names relate to visual signs such as images and symbols to create subtle narratives about KitKat posters that imply the meaning of always enjoying KitKat during break time. This research increases the understanding of how brands use semiotics to build strong messages across various dimensions of communication.

Electromagnetic interference and the effect of low-voltage protective measures at electric vehicle charging stations

The nominal power of electric vehicle charging stations or charging parks is constantly increasing. Most of the users are ordinary persons and handle such equipment with a rated power of several 100 kW. Until now, equipment with such power ratings was only common in electrical operating facilities such as industrial plants where the users are at least instructed and protective measures are specified. If ordinary persons handle equipment with such power ratings in the field, the question arises as to whether the conventional safety goals are met in the event of an electrical fault. The consideration is: If the power increases so much, it can be assumed that the short-circuit power and thus the fault current increase and so does the risk of a dangerous electric shock. In this contribution, calculations of line-to-earth short-circuits on the low-voltage AC side of the three-phase system and their effects in typical configurations of charging stations are carried out. Considering the electromagnetic interference, the calculations provide the fault current and its distribution to determine the electrical potentials during the fault. From this, the (partial) fault voltages and active fault voltages are calculated. Based on the active fault voltage, the expected body impedance and consequently, the body current can be determined. With the body current and the break time of the protection device the risk of electric shock using international standards as guidelines is evaluated. As a result, recommendations for the planning, installation and safe operation of charging stations are given. It turns out that considering certain aspects like the conductor cross-sections or the electromagnetic interference, the risk of electric shock can be reduced to a conventional level. Periodic testing of the electrical system is necessary for safe and reliable operation. For example, follow-on faults due to unintended, improper use by ordinary persons can be prevented. Also, regular inspection of the electrical system is necessary for safe and reliable operation to prevent hazards due to aging or wear. However, it seems challenging to define an installation guideline that applies to all configurations as the boundary conditions vary depending on the type of system, installations in the area of interference and environmental influences.