Breaking Mechanism Research Articles

Study on rock fracture mechanism based on the combustion and explosion characteristics of high-energy expansive agent

In this paper, a new rock breaking technology based on high energy expansive agent (HEEA) is proposed. The components producing gas and work capacity of HEEA were studied by means of closed explosion system, specific volume test system and oxygen bomb calorimeter system. The results show that the gas produced by the agent consists of harmless water vapor, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and so on. The pressure inflection point of the agent is 5 MPa, the peak pressure is 70 MPa, and the specific volume is 702.4 L/kg. The calculation shows that it has enough rock breaking ability. According to the properties of HEEA, the unit agent consumption experiment of rock breaking were designed, and rock breaking laws of agents were studied by combining computed tomography and 3D reconstruction technology. When the single agent consumption is 0.2, the fracture volume and area are 25.6 cm3 and 650 cm2, fracture density and fractal dimension are 0.65 m−1 and 2.404, respectively, the rock breaking effect is the best. Based on HEEA properties and rock breaking law, the mechanism of rock breaking by combustion-detonation is proposed, provided guiding suggestions for engineering applications.

Measurement of electroweak Zleft(nu overline{nu}right)gamma jj production and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The electroweak production of Zleft(nu overline{nu}right)gamma in association with two jets is studied in a regime with a photon of high transverse momentum above 150 GeV using proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis uses a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 collected by the ATLAS detector during the 2015–2018 LHC data-taking period. This process is an important probe of the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism in the Standard Model and is sensitive to quartic gauge boson couplings via vector-boson scattering. The fiducial Zleft(nu overline{nu}right)gamma jj cross section for electroweak production is measured to be {0.77}_{-0.30}^{+0.34} fb and is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. Evidence of electroweak Zleft(nu overline{nu}right)gamma jj production is found with an observed significance of 3.2σ for the background-only hypothesis, compared with an expected significance of 3.7σ. The combination of this result with the previously published ATLAS observation of electroweak Zleft(nu overline{nu}right)gamma jj production yields an observed (expected) signal significance of 6.3σ (6.6σ). Limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings are obtained in the framework of effective field theory with dimension-8 operators.

Probing supersymmetry breaking scale with atomic clocks

The supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking mechanism inevitably predicts the existence of the sgoldstinos, which can play the role of wave-like dark matter. Due to the ubiquitous coupling to the electromagnetic fields, the light scalar sgoldstino dark matter can lead to the variance of the fine-structure constant. With the precise atomic clock data, we find the SUSY breaking scale F can be probed up to the GUT scale in the sgoldstino mass range of 10−22 eV <mϕ<4×10−7 eV.

Experimental study of high-speed particle jets impacting deep hard rock under true triaxial stress

To investigate the jet breaking mechanism of hard rocks under three-dimensional stress, jet breaking experiments under different ground stresses and horizontal stress differences were performed. The results showed that the rock-breaking holes were in the shape of an “inverted Ω". The ground stress had an obvious effect on the rock-breaking performance of the jet. As the ground stress increased, the rock strength increased, and the rock-breaking performance decreased by 28.56%. At ground stresses greater than 50 MPa, the rock-breaking performance increased by 20%. The horizontal stress difference made the pore wall stress concentrated and loosened the cementation between mineral particles. As the stress difference increased, the roughness increased, and the rock-breaking performance increased by 58.85% while the energy consumption decreased by 25.56%. The results of this study provide data and technical support for the jet breaking of hard rock in deep mine construction.

Acoustic modes of self-excited cavitating waterjets on rock erosion

This study experimentally investigates the impact of passive acoustic excitation modes from self-excited cavitating waterjet clouds on erosive patterns using high-speed imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and macroscopic three-dimensional scanning. Basalt, granite, and sandstone were used to study erosion and breaking mechanisms under various excitation modes, including sub-harmonic, fundamental, double-harmonic, and a case without feedback based on the primary cavitation cloud shedding frequency. Proper orthogonal decomposition of high-speed snapshots revealed that the cavitation cloud shed primary and secondary modes with passive acoustic excitation. The fundamental excitation mode promoted the primary cavitation cloud's volume and development, and energy transfers from secondary to primary modes resulted in the maximum cavitation cloud volume inducing the best rock-breaking ability. Macroscopic and microscopic inspection of the rock coupons' topographies revealed that the breaking mechanism involves a continuous peeling off of mineral grains under the cavitation cloud's impact.

Theoretical and numerical studies of rock breaking mechanism by double disc cutters

A plane mechanical model of rock breaking process by double disc cutter at the center of the cutterhead is established based on contact mechanics to analyze the stress evolution in the rock broken by cutters with different spacings. A continuous-discontinuous coupling numerical method based on zero-thickness cohesive elements is developed to simulate rock breaking using double cutters. The process, mechanism, and characteristics of rock breaking are comprehensively analyzed from five aspects: peak force, breaking form, breaking efficiency, crack mode, and breaking degree. The results show that under the penetrating action of cutters, dense cores are formed due to shear failure under respective cutters. The tensile cracks propagate in the rock, and then rock chips form with increasing penetration depth. When the cutter spacing is increased from 10 to 80 mm, the peak force gradually increases, the rock breaking range increases first and then decreases, the specific energy decreases first and then rises, and the breaking coefficient of intermediate rock decreases from 0.955 to 0.788. The area of rock breaking is positively correlated with the length of the tensile crack. Furthermore, the length of the tensile crack accounts for 14.4%–33.6% of the total crack length.

Superconductors with a Topological Gap

I review a new superconductivity mechanism in which the gap is opened through a topological mechanism and not through the Landau mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking. As a consequence, the low-energy effective theory which describes these new superconductors is not the Landau–Ginzburg theory, formulated in terms of a local-order parameter, but a topological-field theory formulated in terms of emerging gauge fields. This new mechanism is realized as global superconductivty in Josephson junction arrays and in thin superconducting films with thicknesses comparable to the superconducting coherence length, which exhibits emergent granularity.

The Modelling of Rock Fragmentation Mechanisms by Carbide Buttons Using the 3D Discrete Element Method

Button cutters are commonly used in hard rock drilling because the inserted carbide buttons provide exceptional wear resistance, impact resistance, and high strength in challenging geological formations. One of the most pressing issues in designing a button cutter is to study the rock breaking mechanisms of carbide buttons. In this study, the three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) was employed to investigate the rock breaking mechanism and cutting performance of five widely used carbide buttons, i.e., spherical, saddle, wedge, conical, and parabolic buttons. The simulation results were compared with laboratory tests to reveal the rock indentation process. The crack propagation pattern, energy dissipation, and damage evolution associated with the force–penetration depth curve were investigated. Tensile damage was the primary determinant for crack propagation and coalescence. By systematically exploring the penetration index, specific energy, and crack propagation characteristics, the conical button had a high rock breaking efficiency when the penetration depth was low, and the saddle button had a high rock breaking efficiency when the penetration depth was high. The findings can provide references for the design of a button cutter.

The numerical simulation of rapid excavation technologies under the combined form of hydraulic fracturing and drill-and-blast method

With the aim of the drilling and blasting in underground space, there are problems of poor tunnel formation, large crushing and loosening area, difficult support, low driving efficiency, and special geological conditions that are not suitable for drilling and blasting. According to the fracturing and blasting theory and auxiliary hole effect, a combined hydraulic fracturing and drilling blasting tunneling technology was proposed in this research. Establish a rock breaking model, and according to the mechanism of swelling and breaking, the rock breaking efficiency and effect of swelling and breaking, the number of drill holes and the arrangement of drill holes affect the rock breaking performance; the traditional drilling and blasting method used the change of dynamic pressure and vibration velocity to judge the propagation and attenuation process of blasting vibration, as well as the range of damage area. The ANSYS LS-DYNA, a numerical simulation software, was used to determine the position and size of the top facing holes, the optimal spacing of fracturing holes, blasting holes and auxiliary holes. The static load applied to the arc part can effectively reduce the crushing area, the crack area and the elastic area. The lower rectangular part is arranged with the auxiliary holes reasonably to inhibit the propagation of the blasting shock wave, slow down the development of the fracture, guide the extension direction of the crack, and reduce the damage range of the three areas, avoid low efficiency of deep hole blasting, and judge the practicability and operability of this method based on the timeliness of each stage of excavation. The combined pressing and blasting method with the high-efficiency and short-distance, multi-frequency and high-efficiency excavation effectively controlled the shape of the upper area of the roadway, which contributes to reducing the damage area of the surrounding rock, developing a safe working environment, decreasing the maintenance cost of the roadway in the later stage, and providing a innovative way for the development of underground space in the future.

The Mechanism of Disease of Tri-Nucleotide Repeat Expansion Diseases (P9-11.002)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To clarify the mechanism of disease of tri-nucleotide repeat (<b>TNR</b>) expansion diseases such as Huntington’s Disease, Myotonic Dystrophy and Friedreich’s Ataxia. <h3>Background:</h3> The current explanation for TNR expansion diseases is DNA slippage during DNA duplication; however, it does not explain why risk of disease starts with 30–40 TNRs or 90–120 repetitive nucleotides and occurs in non-dividing neurons. An alternative explanation is that (1) TNRs are mutation-prone; (2) a constant environmental factor induces constant DNA damage and mutations independent of DNA duplication; and (3) existing DNA repair mechanisms are prone to fail starting at 90–120 repetitive nucleotides. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> TNR sequences were evaluated for the presence of mutation-prone DNA: GC-rich sequence and somatic hypermutation (<b>SHM</b>) hotspots. Environmental factors able to cause constant DNA damage independent of geographic location or time were investigated. Existing DNA repair mechanisms were assessed for likelihood of failure at or above a TNR sequence of 90–120 repetitive nucleotides. <h3>Results:</h3> All TNR sequences consist of GC-rich DNA or SHM hotspots. Among environmental factors only oxidative stress from minimum ionizing particle (<b>MIP</b>) radiation has the energy spectrum, constant presence, and geographic distribution required to cause double-strand DNA breaks in unwound, single-strand DNA during transcription. Homologous recombination repair is a repair mechanism for double-strand DNA breaks that is present in terminally differentiated neurons at time of active transcription; it requires the immediate presence of template duplex DNA to initiate repair synthesis. With increasing TNRs, the size of the D-loop template (average length 200 nucleotides) may be larger (often) or smaller (rarely) than the actual number of damaged repeats, explaining expansion or contraction of TNRs in successive generations. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The combination of mutation-prone GC-rich DNA or SHM hotspots, MIP radiation-related oxidative stress as constant source of mutations, and a DNA repair mechanism that fails with long stretches of TNRs explains the etiology of TNR expansion diseases. <b>Disclosure:</b> The institution of Prof. De Groen has received research support from Pfizer. The institution of Prof. De Groen has received research support from NIH. Prof. De Groen has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Prof. De Groen has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Invited speaker at annual conference x2 with AAFPE. Prof. De Groen has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a None with None.

Comprehensive analysis and expression profiles of the AP2/ERF gene family during spring bud break in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

BackgroundAP2/ERF transcription factors (AP2/ERFs) are important regulators of plant physiological and biochemical metabolism. Evidence suggests that AP2/ERFs may be involved in the regulation of bud break in woody perennials. Green tea is economically vital in China, and its production value is significantly affected by the time of spring bud break of tea plant. However, the relationship between AP2/ERFs in tea plant and spring bud break remains largely unknown.ResultsA total of 178 AP2/ERF genes (CsAP2/ERFs) were identified in the genome of tea plant. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, these genes could be classified into five subfamilies. The analysis of gene duplication events demonstrated that whole genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication was the primary way of CsAP2/ERFs amplification. According to the result of the Ka/Ks value calculation, purification selection dominated the evolution of CsAP2/ERFs. Furthermore, gene composition and structure analyses of CsAP2/ERFs indicated that different subfamilies contained a variety of gene structures and conserved motifs, potentially resulting in functional differences among five subfamilies. The promoters of CsAP2/ERFs also contained various signal-sensing elements, such as abscisic acid responsive elements, light responsive elements and low temperature responsive elements. The evidence presented here offers a theoretical foundation for the diverse functions of CsAP2/ERFs. Additionally, the expressions of CsAP2/ERFs during spring bud break of tea plant were analyzed by RNA-seq and grouped into clusters A-F according to their expression patterns. The gene expression changes in clusters A and B were more synchronized with the spring bud break of tea plant. Moreover, several potential correlation genes, such as D-type cyclin genes, were screened out through weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Temperature and light treatment experiments individually identified nine candidate CsAP2/ERFs that may be related to the spring bud break of tea plant.ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence for role of the CsAP2/ERFs in the spring bud break of tea plant, establishes a theoretical foundation for analyzing the molecular mechanism of the spring bud break of tea plant, and contributes to the improvement of tea cultivars.

The rock breaking mechanism of a combined high-voltage electric impulse-PDC bit drilling technology

Low rock breaking efficiency of drilling bit is one of the key factors restricting the large-scale development of oil gas in deep formations and geothermal energy resources in hot dry rock (HDR). The high-voltage electric impulse (HVEI) drilling technology has unique advantages in deep formation and HDR drilling. However, existing electrode bits form low-quality borehole walls and are not capable of performing directional drilling. To broaden the scope of engineering application of HVEI drilling, a new method combining HVEI drilling with mechanical drilling is proposed in this paper. Based on the structure of the existing electrode bits, a combined HVEI- Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bit is designed, and the rock breaking mechanism of the bit is studied. A dynamic damage model (DDM) of rock containing an electrode bit is established on the basis of HVEI drilling's basic process. Furtherly, the HVEI-PDC rock fragmentation model is established by coupling the DDM with the heterogeneous granite model which is based on Voronoi subdivision. Through the analysis of granite fragmentation in HVEI-PDC drilling, relevant conclusions are obtained: Compared with conventional PDC bit, there is no significant difference in the torque variation of the combined bit during drilling. When the electrode spacing Le < 40mm, the energy consumption of the combined bit is higher than that of the conventional PDC bit at low rotating speed, and the efficiency is reduced. When Le≥40mm, the larger the Le, the more obvious the speed-up effect of the combined bit compared with that of the conventional PDC bit, and the lower the drilling cost. The conclusions of this paper are expected to provide a reference for promoting HVEI drilling to achieve wider industrial applications.

Tuning the van Hove singularities in monolayer PbBiI via C3v symmetry breaking

Various filling fractions of the van Hove singularities (vHs) in the vicinity of the Fermi energy give rise to exotic phenomena. Here, we tune vHs in a new family member of quantum spin Hall insulators PbBiI via two mechanisms of C3v symmetry breaking; applying an in-plane magnetization exchange field and an inversion symmetry breaking field. Depending on the mechanism and dispersion direction of host electrons, we find Weyl nodes in the electronic band structure, and in turn, bare vHs deform away from the Fermi energy. Moreover, the number of vHs increases due to the reconstruction of the Fermi surface induced by the above mechanisms. Overall, we indeed propose two efficient mechanisms to tune/create vHs for various emergent applications in optoelectronics.

Anomaly-free scale symmetry and gravity

In this Letter, we address the question of whether the conformal invariance can be considered as a global symmetry of a theory of fundamental interactions. To describe Nature, this theory must contain a mechanism of spontaneous breaking of the scale symmetry. Besides that, the fundamental theory must include gravity, whereas all known extensions of the conformal invariance to the curved space-time suffer from the Weyl anomaly. We show that conformal symmetry can be made free from quantum anomaly only in flat space. The presence of gravity would reduce the global symmetry group of the fundamental theory to the scale invariance only. We discuss how the effective Lagrangian respecting the scale symmetry can be used for the description of particle phenomenology and cosmology.

Cooperative quantum information erasure

We demonstrate an information erasure protocol that resets N qubits at once. The method displays exceptional performances in terms of energy cost (it operates nearly at Landauer energy cost kTln&amp;#x2061;2), time duration (&amp;#x223C;&amp;#x03BC;s) and erasure success rate (&amp;#x223C;99,9&amp;#x0025;). The method departs from the standard algorithmic cooling paradigm by exploiting cooperative effects associated to the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking which are amplified by quantum tunnelling phenomena. Such cooperative quantum erasure protocol is experimentally demonstrated on a commercial quantum annealer and could be readily applied in next generation hybrid gate-based/quantum-annealing quantum computers, for fast, effective, and energy efficient initialisation of quantum processing units.

Experimental research and energy analysis of a new type of dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking technology

When the traditional drill and blast method is applied to rock crushing projects, it has strong vibration, loud noise and dust pollution, so it cannot be used in densely populated areas such as urban public works. We developed a supercritical CO2 true triaxial pneumatic rock-breaking experimental system, and conducted laboratory and field tests of dry ice powder pneumatic rock-breaking. The characteristics of the blast-induced vibration velocity waveform and the evolution of the vibration velocity and frequency with the focal distance were analyzed and discussed. The fracturing mechanism of dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking is studied. The research results show that: (1) The vibration velocity induced by dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking decays as a power function with the increase of the focal distance; (2) The vibration frequency caused by dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking is mainly distributed in 1–120 Hz. Due to the dispersion effect, the dominant frequency of 10–30 Hz appears abnormally attenuated; (3) The traditional CO2 phase change fracturing energy calculation formula is also applicable to dry ice pneumatic rock breaking technology, and the trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalent of fracturing energy is applicable to the Sadovsky formula; (4) Dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking is shock wave and high-energy gas acting together to fracture rock, which can be divided into three stages, among which the gas wedge action of high-energy gas plays a dominant role in rock mass damage.

Numerical study of rock-breaking mechanism in hard rock with full PDC bit model in compound impact drilling

Geothermal reservoir rocks have the characteristics of high stress, high hardness and high abrasiveness, which makes the drilling rate low and the drilling cost high, and hinders the application of geothermal energy. Improving drilling efficiency in hard rock strata is the prerequisite for large-scale application of geothermal energy. Impact drilling is considered to be the most effective drilling method in hard formations. PDC (Polycrystalline diamond Compact) bit compound impact drilling is one of the impact drilling methods, which has been widely concerned in recent years. In order to further improve the drilling efficiency of this method, the mechanism of PDC bit compound impact rock breaking is studied. Drucker–Prager criterion was used as rock constitutive relation, equivalent plastic strain was used as rock failure criterion, MSE (mechanical special energy) was used as evaluation method of rock-breaking efficiency, and a three-dimensional simulation model of full-size PDC bit for compound impact rock-breaking was built. The rock breaking law in PDC bit compound rock breaking process and the impact vector angle and impact duration on rock breaking efficiency are analyzed. The results show that the compound impact drilling can effectively alleviate the stick–slip vibration phenomenon, and improve drilling efficiency. In the compound impact mode, compressive stress failure and tensile stress failure occur at the same time, and the tensile stress failure is the main failure mode. The peak stress of the rock is 5.49% larger, and the residual plastic deformation is about 4.28% smaller than that of non-impact mode. With the increase of impact angle, the MSE decreases first and then increases a little. The optimal impact vector angle is in the range of 30°–50°. With the increase of the impact time, the MSE decreases in a wavy manner. In the range of 0.2 ms–1.0 ms, the optimal impact time is 0.8 ms–1.0 ms.

Cosmetic emulsion based on the fucose-rich polysaccharide FucoPol: Bioactive properties and sensorial evaluation

In this study, the physicochemical characteristics, bioactive properties, and sensorial evaluation of a O/W cosmetic formulation containing FucoPol, a fucose-containing bacterial polysaccharide, were assessed. The stability of the FucoPol-based cream, named F-cream, was demonstrated over a period of 2 months at different temperatures (4, 20 and 30 °C), during which it maintained the organoleptic characteristics and pH (5.88–6.19), with minimal variations on the apparent viscosity. Furthermore, no breaking mechanisms occurred upon centrifuging the samples (accelerated stability test) kept at 4 °C and at 30 °C for 60 days. The F-cream presented a shear-thinning and solid-liquid behavior consistent with its envisaged use for topical applications, proving to be a suitable candidate for an anti-aging application due to its antioxidant capacity and effective photoprotection, maintaining cellular preservation. Moreover, the formulation was proven non-cytotoxic for HaCaT cells at concentrations between 0.78 and 12.5 mg/mL, promoting HFFF2 cell migration (46–70 % of wound closure) at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, and HaCaT cell migration at a concentration of 10 mg/mL (95–98 % of wound closure). Upon application over the skin, the F-cream provided a hydration and softness with desired spreadability with no residues after application. These findings show that FucoPol has good potential to be used as a functional and/or active ingredient in cosmetic formulations, forming an emulsified cream with appealing sensorial properties that can act as a moisturizer with photoprotection, antioxidant, and regeneration properties.

The Cellular Response to Complex DNA Damage Induced by Ionising Radiation.

Radiotherapy (ionising radiation; IR) is utilised in the treatment of ~50% of all human cancers, and where the therapeutic effect is largely achieved through DNA damage induction. In particular, complex DNA damage (CDD) containing two or more lesions within one to two helical turns of the DNA is a signature of IR and contributes significantly to the cell killing effects due to the difficult nature of its repair by the cellular DNA repair machinery. The levels and complexity of CDD increase with increasing ionisation density (linear energy transfer, LET) of the IR, such that photon (X-ray) radiotherapy is deemed low-LET whereas some particle ions (such as carbon ions) are high-LET radiotherapy. Despite this knowledge, there are challenges in the detection and quantitative measurement of IR-induced CDD in cells and tissues. Furthermore, there are biological uncertainties with the specific DNA repair proteins and pathways, including components of DNA single and double strand break mechanisms, that are engaged in CDD repair, which very much depends on the radiation type and associated LET. However, there are promising signs that advancements are being made in these areas and which will enhance our understanding of the cellular response to CDD induced by IR. There is also evidence that targeting CDD repair, particularly through inhibitors against selected DNA repair enzymes, can exacerbate the impact of higher LET, which could be explored further in a translational context.

Abstract P2-17-02: SMC6 down-regulation: marker of genetic instability and poor outcome in breast cancer

Abstract Genetic instability commonly found in tumors may be a consequence of imbalance in homologous recombination (HR), a mechanism of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair dependent on the formation and resolution of Holliday junctions’ structures for genomic stability maintenance. The SMC6 is involved in DSB repair. The SMC6 gene is structurally located very close to the GEN1 gene in a head-to-head organization sharing a bi-directional promoter, and the encoded protein is also involved in HR. Herein, we explored the association between SMC6 expression, genomic instability, and prognosis of breast cancer (BC). SMC6 and GEN1 expression and Copy Number Variation (CNV) data measured by qRT-PCR and CGH array, respectively, were assessed in 33 BC of women non-carrier BRCA1/BRCA2-mutations. The SMC6 protein expression was evaluated on a Tissue Microarray containing 74 BC samples classified as low (negative/weak) or high (moderate/strong) according to SMC6 nuclear staining. SMC6 and GEN1 expressions were directly correlated (p=0.821). Moreover, SMC6-low tumors tend to show higher CNV. Yet, the SMC6-low group presented poorer disease-free survival (DFS) than the SMC6 high group (log-rank=0.008). Further, SMC6 expression broke the DFS ER+ cohort in groups of distinct prognoses (log-rank=0.029). By in silico data analysis, SMC6 downregulation was also associated with worse prognosis in some BC subtypes. Our findings point to a possible association between SMC6 down-regulation and BC poor outcomes, suggesting that SMC6 may serve as an indicator of tumor genetic instability for BC patients. Supported by Fapesp and CNPq. Citation Format: Flavia R. Rotea Mangone, Ana Cristina V. Krepischi, Dirce M. Carraro, Maria A. Nagai. SMC6 down-regulation: marker of genetic instability and poor outcome in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-17-02.