Brazilian Politicians Research Articles

The Political Translations of Monteiro Lobato and Carlos Lacerda

This article examines the connection between translation and politics, concentrating on a specific period in Brazilian history, the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas, from 1930 to 1945, and then from 1950 to 1954. It initially looks at the link between fiscal policy and translation. It then analyzes the translations, or rather, adaptations, of Peter Pan and Don Quixote, by the Brazilian writer and publisher, Monteiro Lobato. The final section of the paper will describe the situation surrounding the translation of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar by the Brazilian politician, Carlos Lacerda, governor of the state of Guanabara (greater Rio de Janeiro) (1960-1965).

Brazilian Politicians and Neoliberalism: Mapping Support for the Cardoso Reforms, 1995-1997

Brazilian Politicians and Neoliberalism: Mapping Support for the Cardoso Reforms, 1995-1997

Parties, Puppets and Paradoxes

Party system development in new democracies is impacted by various legacies of the previous authoritarian regime. This study employs survey research to test for the impact of the authoritarian experience on the orientation of Brazilian politicians toward party building. The manipulation of political parties by the Brazilian authoritarian regime of 1964-85 generated an antipathy towards disciplined parties on the part of civilian politicians who supported the military. This antipathy was strong in the first years of democracy but diminished over time, as the crisis of Brazil's New Republic heightened elite awareness of the necessity of effective parties. The findings generate hypotheses that can be tested in other post-authoritarian party systems.

Os primeiros anos da reforma sanitária no Brasil e a atuação da Fundação Rockefeller (1915-1920)

O presente artigo é uma análise da atuação da Fundação Rockefeller no desenvolvimento dos serviços médico-sanitários e científicos no Brasil, no período que se estende de 1915, quando dos primeiros contatos com governantes brasileiros, até o início dos anos 20, que marcam, no Brasil, a consolidação de uma etapa importante da Reforma Sanitária. Ao discutir uma das fases mais relevantes da atuação dessa fundação norte-americana no País, este trabalho procura enfatizar a relevância do tema para o historiador. Nesse sentido, não se pode entender a formação da profissão médica no Brasil sem se levar em conta a criação, pela Rockefeller, de carreiras científicas voltadas para o ensino e pesquisa na área biomédica. Não se pode entender as origens das profissões da saúde no País sem se atentar, também, para a contribuição da Rockefeller no desenvolvimento das campanhas sanitárias em escala nacional e na demanda por sanitaristas de sólida formação científica. As origens da profissionalização médica e sanitarista estão fortemente associadas ao trabalho da Rockefeller no Brasil.

Politicians, Parties, and Electoral Systems: Brazil in Comparative Perspective

This paper looks at the political consequences and the political origins of the Brazilian electoral system. This system has several unusual features that grant politicians nonpareil autonomy with respect to their parties. These features include a system of proportional representation that uses an open list and a mechanism known as the candidato nato, which allows politicians to get on the ticket despite the opposition of the party leadership. As a result, the electoral system reinforces the individualistic behavior of politicians and has contributed to undermining efforts to build more effective parties. Notwithstanding their frequent laments about the weakness of parties, Brazilian politicians have consistently opted for electoral systems that undermine parties. They have done so because they perceived measures that could strengthen parties as authoritarian, and also in response to their fears that executives would otherwise be able to control them ruthlessly. The extreme party weakness and individualistic patterns of representation that are reinforced by this electoral system have sustained an elitist polity.