Brazilian Federal Government Research Articles

Evaluating experimentation in the public sector: learning from a Brazilian innovation lab

This paper presents an initial evaluation of the GNova lab, with the aim of contributing to the policy lab literature and debate on the value generated by public sector innovation labs. GNova is a Brazilian federal government innovation lab dedicated to developing creative solutions to public policy problems through design-led experiments that involve the active participation of members of partner teams. In the context of a political transition, GNova carried out an evaluation process to assess the results of its projects. By using working principles as evaluation criteria, the process was design-led and consisted of two phases. The first was a workshop with project partners, followed by a series of in-depth interviews with participants in six selected projects. The findings were grouped into three types of effects (effects of the process, effects of products and effects of the participation). The evaluation, even though with a limited scope, confirmed the assumption that, in addition to effects from specific products delivered, the lab contributes to the development of competencies in the civil servants who participate in the process, in resonance with a public administration paradigm based on public value.

Planejamento setorial e execução orçamentária em turismo no Brasil (2003-2018)


 
 
 
 O Ministério do Turismo (MTur), instituído em 2003, completou 16 anos de atuação como o principal órgão oficial de turismo do Brasil, nesse período implementou três planos nacionais de turismo e executou R$ 18,1 bilhões. Desta forma, o presente artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar o desempenho do governo federal brasileiro na área do turismo, tendo como foco a relação entre planejamento setorial e execução orçamentária do Ministério do Turismo, no período de 2003 a 2018. A pesquisa também tem como objetivos: identificar a posição que o turismo ocupou na agenda governamental; revelar o perfil dos investimentos públicos em turismo no Brasil; e verificar se os Planos Nacionais de Turismo foram devidamente incorporados no orçamento público. Essa é uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com uma abordagem quantitativa, na medida em que se fundamenta principalmente no levantamento e análise de dados sobre o orçamento público em turismo do governo federal brasileiro. Ao focar a dotação e a execução orçamentária do MTur verifica-se que de 2003 a 2006 a pasta passou por um período de fortalecimento e ocupou uma posição de relativo destaque na agenda política governamental no período de 2007 a 2010, quando apresentou um contínuo crescimento tanto na dotação, quanto na execução de recursos, concentrados sobretudo na área de infraestrutura. De 2011 a 2018, o turismo ocupou uma posição periférica na agenda governamental, período em que o MTur apresenta uma alta instabilidade orçamentária, com contingenciamento expressivo, cenário que sugere problemas na composição do seu orçamento como também na capacidade de gestão do MTur em implementar programas e projetos.
 
 
 

Crianças imigrantes: “necessárias”, “invisíveis”, mas “perigosas”

A intenção neste texto é apreender os sujeitos crianças em seus deslocamentos ou de suas famílias e como, de alguma maneira, foram constituintes desses processos. É, de certa forma, uma reflexão autobiográfica, pois se pauta nas marcas que a presença de crianças imigrantes/filhas de imigrantes foi deixando nas pesquisas que realizei. Procurou-se assinalar como a temática foi tratada em estudos sociológicos e históricos, assim como pelo Estado brasileiro e paulista. Considerando que nos muitos fluxos migratórios vieram várias crianças, procurou-se verificar a situação com relação a crianças no século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX, quando, apesar de “invisíveis”, eram “perigosas” mas “necessárias”. Observou-se as repercussões nas experiências infantis no tenso período nacionalista e da Segunda Guerra Mundial de 1930 a 1950 e as restrições que recaíram sobre elas. Finalmente, refletiu-se sobre o período pós-Guerra, com a chegada de novos imigrantes e elaboração de novos projetos para as crianças.

Towards Universal Health Coverage in Brazil: analysis of programs to expand the supply of doctors in primary health care

Background The inequality in the access to health services in Brazil is one of the consequences of the poor distribution of doctors throughout the country. This is observed by the scarcity of these professionals working in primary health care (PHC) in the Brazilian health care system (SUS), particularly in rural and poor suburban areas. This paper analyzes the policies of the Brazilian federal government aiming to increase access to health services by encouraging physicians to work in PHC. The study examines the policies’ effects regarding the availability of doctors, and the participation of Brazilian doctors on the “Mais Médicos” Project, leading to recommendations for future strategies. Methods The research combined a scope review, based on documents produced by the federal government, and analysis of secondary data obtained from the Ministry of Health, as well as from official websites of the Brazilian government. Results The results indicate advances in innovative strategies to expand the number of physicians, increasing the availability of these professionals, and PHC coverage. However, it is still necessary to fight the scarcity of professionals and fill healthcare positions primarily in municipalities far from urban centers, poor and suburban areas, and Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts. Conclusions Improving health coverage in Brazil through strengthening primary health care will require further efforts to overcome the challenge of attracting and retaining doctors to work in disadvantaged areas, increasing the availability and accessibility of health workers. In addition, new policies need to emphasize the participation of other health professionals such as nurses, auxiliary nurses, and community health agents, as well as incorporate new technology able to reduce distances between health professionals and users of the Brazilian health care system.

Iluminação natural em habitação multifamiliar

A iluminação natural é importante tanto para a eficiência energética das edificações, quanto para o conforto visual e bem-estar dos usuários. Este artigo avalia a disponibilidade de iluminação natural no Conjunto Residencial Videiras, em Santa Maria, RS, empreendimento de habitação multifamiliar do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida do governo federal. O método considerou a Autonomia da Luz Natural (DA) e a Iluminância Útil de Luz Natural (UDI), obtidas por simulação com o programa APOLUX. A avaliação considerou recomendações da NBR15575 e do RTQ-R, para três ambientes: (1) dormitório principal, (2) sala, (3) cozinha e lavanderia. A opinião de usuários também foi levantada, por meio de questionários. Os resultados obtidos por simulação indicam que são atendidos os níveis de iluminância preconizados pela NBR 15575 e pelo RTQ-R. No entanto, tomando como critério o nível 120 lux, este não é atingido em todos os cômodos simulados. A grande maioria dos usuários expressou satisfação com a iluminação natural disponível. Observou-se que os usuários desenvolvem tarefas domiciliares que exigem níveis mais altos de iluminância do que aqueles indicados nas normas e regulamentos brasileiros. A partir dos resultados, são indicadas diretrizes que visam contribuir para o melhor desempenho lumínico em habitações multifamiliares. Os resultados apontam também a necessidade de rever tais parâmetros para adequá-los à realidade social e econômica do contexto.

Brazilian mangroves at risk

Abstract: Recent statements from the Brazilian federal government indicate that impacting economic activities, particularly commercial shrimp farming, are being encouraged in mangrove areas in the near future. Alterations of the National Action Plan and legal instruments that partially protected mangrove ecosystems have created an even weaker legal framework than previously existed. Such changes are leading Brazil far from the global call to conserve mangroves and from the Aichi targets and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Unfortunately, the loss of mangrove ecosystems and their ecosystem services will negatively impact living standards for Brazilians in coastal areas.

Misogyny in Brazilian Federal Government Agencies for Science and High-Education.

The transformation of women's role in society has been systematically studied. Numerous authors point out that among the factors of extreme relevance to this fact, the main is the increased presence of women in the formal job market. Researches also reveal that the increase in quantity is not reflected equally in all productive sectors nor the egalitarian occupation of high hierarchical positions. The present study aimed to analyze how the presence of women, especially in leadership positions, has evolved at the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Postgraduate Education (CAPES) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) over the last 20 years. For these analyzes, surveys were conducted in the people management systems of the Brazilian Federal Public Administration. The initial hypothesis was that female attendance had increased in both the total number of female servants and in management and auxiliary positions, known as DAS in Brazil; however, evidence shows that women reduced overall agency presence, especially in the number of female Analysts occupying DAS positions. These results indicate that the misogyny observed in the academic sphere of the Brazilian National Postgraduate and Science, Technology, and Innovation systems are replicated in the politic-bureaucratic sphere that manages and sponsors these systems.

SARS-COV-2 pandemic: the food insecurity and social inequalities in Brazil

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the most severe global public health crisis in the last century. SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China in December 2019, and since then, it has been quickly spreading around the world. After Europe and North America, the virus has arrived in Latin America. Among the developing countries, Brazil has been the most affected by the pandemic causalities, which is a concern, since social and economic disparities may favor its severity. In an attempt to reduce virus transmission, public health measures have been implemented by the states, despite the lack of assistance from the Brazilian federal government. Implementing social distancing and hygiene measures have not been possible, mainly due to the unfavorable social conditions of economically vulnerable people. Thus, the pandemic is exposing the evidence of social inequalities in the country, which in turn deepens the public health crisis. Here, we discuss evidence from relevant topics that are influencing the course of the pandemic in Brazil, including food insecurity, social aspects and public health political issues. The pandemic has exposed the need for maintaining and improving the social care and food security of vulnerable groups as well as the harm of ignoring them. Thus, more effective mitigation measures must be thought and applied in Brazil to improve the handling of this pandemic and the next ones.

Didactical Engeering of second generation: a proposal of the design and a teaching resource with support of the GeoGebra software in Brazil

Abstract: This article presents a partial excerpt from an ongoing master's research on the methodological theoretical aspects of problems related to the content of volumes, selected from the evaluations of the National High School Exam (ENEM). The Exam consists of a test proposed by the Brazilian federal government, which aims to assess the performance of students at the end of high school, in addition to being used as a selection criterion to enter higher education. In this way, a didactic situation is proposed in the context of ENEM structured in the Theory of Didactic Situations (TSD) and subsidized by the use of the GeoGebra software as a technological resource for the construction and resolution of the problem situation on the volume of a cylinder. The didactic session was consolidated in Didactic Training Engineering (EDF) and developed to design a didactic resource for teaching and training mathematics teachers. GeoGebra was used to carry out the didactic transposition of the problem, as it benefits the student to break the difficulties inherent in the understanding and appropriation of geometric concepts. This structure facilitates didactic mediation, in addition to giving a new meaning to the study and teaching of volumes in the context of ENEM assessments.

Choque das políticas econômicas de incentivo ao consumo com a lei federal n º 12.305/10 e seus reflexos nos municípios brasileiros

O presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar se, no período entre 2010 e 2017, os efeitos da políticaeconômica de incentivo ao consumo no Brasil, iniciada em 2007, impactaram na geração total dosresíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). E pretende-se analisar se a Lei Federal nº 12.305/10 obteve êxitono período de políticas econômicas voltadas à expansão do consumo, especificamente em relaçãoà ordem de prioridade dos objetivos propostos na lei para a gestão dos RSU. Por fim, almeja-sedemonstrar os principais reflexos da geração de RSU nos municípios brasileiros. Utilizou-se comometodologia um estudo exploratório, com abordagem de natureza qualitativa, e de procedimentobibliográfico e documental. Apresentou-se como resultado que a política econômica de estímulo aoconsumo adotada pelo Governo Federal brasileiro pode ter contribuído com o aumento na geraçãototal dos RSU no período analisado, de 2010-2017. Essas medidas econômicas representaram umpossível choque com a principal base da Lei Federal nº 12.305/10, que consiste na não geraçãoe redução dos RSU, na medida em que, a partir de 2010, houve um aumento da geração totaldos RSU e não uma diminuição. Como consequência dessa elevação, são impostas aos municípiosexternalidades negativas que podem provocar impactos de ordem social, ambiental, financeira, desaúde e territorial.

Risk management in the Brazilian Federal Government: a ministerial analysis

This paper describes the current stage of the development of the ministries’ risk management systems, considering the demands and orientations given by the Joint Normative Instruction MP/CGU n. 01/2016 and the Public Governance Decree (Decree n. 9.203, of November 22, 2017, altered by the Decree n. 9.901, of July 8, 2019). With the intention of identifying how each ministry has been managing the risks that aim at ensuring that the goals of the public policies and the strengthening of their own governance structures will be met, this research formulated indicators that allow cases to be described, based on the recommendations of national and international standards of governance and risk management. The results show that Brazilian ministerial risk management is still incipient, due to the fragile institutionalization associated with political-administrative instability. There is still a need for institutionalizing a culture of risk management and mainly, adopting a long-term perspective in the public sector organizations so that consistent risk management systems can be effectively implemented.

A educação na pandemia do novo coronavírus

A inabilidade do governo federal brasileiro abarca todos os setores desde o social, passando pelo cultural, saúde pública, economia e educação. A economia se tornou mais importante do que salvar vidas e a perversidade do capitalismo faz com que haja uma queda de braço judicial entre os setores da economia e os poderes públicos. É importante discutir o acesso às Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e da Comunicação (TDICs), uma vez que, são os principais recursos de ligação entre professores e estudantes, além de, funcionarem como meio de efetivação de uma prática pedagógica à distância, imposta pelo isolamento social. Como tese, este ensaio busca evidenciar como as políticas públicas educacionais, direcionadas ao enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19, não levam em consideração a realidade desigual de acesso às TDICs e aos bens sociais, econômicos e culturais de professores e estudantes dos sistemas de educação brasileiros. Assim, objetivamos entender de que forma essas políticas públicas educacionais emergenciais tendem a desconsiderar esse contexto dentro do cenário nacional e quais as consequências para o ensino e a aprendizagem.

Geotechnologies applied to analysis of the rural environmental cadastre

Geotechnologies have been widely employed in environmental monitoring and process control over the Brazilian territory. To identify perpetrators of environmental violations and promote environmental regularization of private rural properties, the government established a national registration requirement, known as Cadastro Ambiental Rural – CAR (Rural Environmental Cadastre). It is an electronic registration platform, where owners declare the property area and its environmental aspects. This work consisted of analyzing and discussing CAR module tools provided by the Brazilian Federal Government, which were adopted by Rio de Janeiro State, with the equivalent registration modules from Minas Gerais and São Paulo States. The results indicate that while the federal platform has a simple and intuitive interface, prior knowledge of current legislation is essential. Except for São Paulo State platform, the others allow inserting data obtained by different approaches, not establishing a standard mapping scale or spatial resolution. The images provided by Federal Government platform do not fully support visual identification of the required information, especially on small properties, what makes alternative data and software necessary. Although not current, only São Paulo platform provides good quality images to support the identification of features required by CAR. The proposed methodology can be adapted other country areas.

COMPLIANCE NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA: O CASO DO PACTO PELA INTEGRIDADE NO MINISTÉRIO DA AGRICULTURA, PECUÁRIA E ABASTECIMENTO

Trata-se do processo de implementação de políticas de compliance anticorrupção em órgão da administração pública direta do Poder Executivo Federal, com enfoque não somente nos marcos legais e infralegais, mas especialmente no desafio tático e operacional para implantação das ações, sob o enfoque qualitativo e descritivo, tomando como pano de fundo a publicação da Lei Anticorrupção (nº 12.846, de 2013), os programas federais de fomento à implementação das políticas de integridade e, mais detalhadamente, o Programa de Integridade em execução no Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), denominado Programa Agro+ Integridade, desenvolvido como uma resposta ao quadro de corrupção que se verificou instalado no setor do agronegócio, conforme se viu na recente Operação Carne Fraca. Ressalta-se ainda a criação do Selo Agro+ Integridade, como inédita premiação setorial do governo Federal voltada ao reconhecimento dos esforços das empresas do agronegócio. Inserir essa prática de fomento externo em Planos de Integridade de entidades públicas da administração federal direta, apesar de desafiador, é a oportunidade de demonstrar como essa ferramenta pode contribuir para minimizar os riscos de corrupção e desvios de conduta, interna e externamente ao órgão público, e servir de exemplo para outros Órgãos Públicos. Entretanto, já nas reflexões finais sobre o tema, serão abordados os desafios futuros ligados à necessidade de amadurecimento nessa nova cultura de práticas íntegras dentro das instituições públicas e privadas, criando um canal efetivo de trocas de experiência, objetivando evitar os nefastos danos que comprometem a imagem das instituições públicas e privadas perante o mercado nacional e internacional.

Digitalization by Means of a Prototyping Process: The Case of a Brazilian Public Service

Digital Transformation is under constant evolution. Organizations that were not already created in the digital environment need to digitalize their services. The process used to do so may involve not only elements of technology, but also social, political and organizational aspects. While there is no holistic method to implement digital transformation, organizations learn from successful cases in order to build their own way to implement digital transformation. This paper presents the process through which a physically delivered service provided by the Brazilian federal government was transformed into a digital service. This was performed with a prototyping approach made of six steps: diagnose the service, analyze the service, identify the requirements, and elaborate, verify, and validate the prototype. To perform the digitalization, an automation tool was used, and there was constant interaction with the service provider. This article offers a detailed process to implement digitalization by means of prototyping, which can be used by other organizations to make services digital.

Às voltas com o futuro: Minhas incursões na Educação Física Escolar.

Este Ensaio, construído em momento ímpar na história atual do mundo contemporâneo, onde incertezas sobre nosso presente e futuro prevalecem às análises mais otimistas sobre eles, traz reflexões acerca da Educação Física Escolar brasileira a partir das incursões no tema realizadas pelo autor ao longo de sua trajetória profissional, alicerçada em mais de quatro décadas de atuação. Em cenário de pandemia sanitária mundial motivada pelo Covid-19, e pandemônio nacional causado por desastrosas ações políticas do governo federal de nosso país, motivadoras de instabilidade de nossas instituições republicanas, coloca em evidência a política educacional e, nela, a perspectiva que redundou caber à EF Escolar ao longo do tempo passado e presente, deixando em perspectiva seu lugar em futuro próximo.

A necessária integração entre alfabetização e letramento na aprendizagem inicial da língua escrita

Na conferência Alfabetização e Letramento – TeoriaS e PráticaS, que integrou a programação do evento Abralin ao Vivo – Linguists Online, a professora Magda Soares apresenta a concepção de alfabetização e letramento que tem orientado o trabalho na Educação Infantil e nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental na bem-sucedida experiência do município de Lagoa Santa (MG). Esta resenha apresenta aspectos fundamentais dessa concepção, que, segundo Soares, é centrada na orientação do processo de aprendizagem da língua escrita pela criança, com atenção a seu desenvolvimento cognitivo e linguístico. A conferencista apresenta algumas das principais teorias psicológicas e linguísticas que oferecem evidências científicas importantes para a alfabetização e o letramento, defendendo que esses processos sejam sempre integrados. Algumas dessas teorias são recuperadas nesta resenha, que também destaca divergências entre a concepção apresentada por Magda Soares e a que é proposta pela atual Política Nacional de Alfabetização do governo federal.

The Brazilian Emergency Income Aid Bailout and Post-COVID-19 Consumers Surveillance

In this brief essay, we seek to present the outline of a future paper that will analyze the risks involved in the mechanism chosen by the Brazilian Federal Government for the granting of an Emergency Income Aid Bailout provided for in federal law no. 13982, that is, the opening of digital accounts for those who did not have bank accounts at the time of enrollment in the social program, thereby reaching the population that, at one time, was far from the State's inspection eyes in economic matters. It is about the inclusion of about 30 million new consumers in the databases that also feed the recently regulated “Cadastro Positivo de Credito”, the Brazilian version of the with the special detail that the fulfillment of certain legal requirements guarantees a greater categorization of these consumers, with direct impact on the most accurate deduction of the consumption profile of each citizen and, consequently, on the granting of credit in the country. In the study that follows, it is attempted to demonstrate how the creation of these digital accounts - a maneuver used as a solution in the “state of exception” resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, for the distribution of emergency income aid bailout - will have implications for future analysis of credit for those who were on the margins of the automated systems regulated by the Credit Reports, reflecting as yet another tool capable of reinforcing chronic surveillance over the Brazilian consumer market.

Information management hits and misses in the COVID19 emergency in Brazil

Brazilian Federal Government created an emergency aid to face the COVID19 emergency. This aid provides monthly payments to low-income or unemployed citizens, informal workers, or individual micro-entrepreneurs. An intricate set of criteria made too complex the identification of all citizens eligible for emergency aid, considering there is no an integrated database to which they could apply these criteria. Consequently, lots of people who fulfilled the criteria were not able to receive the aid, and lots of people who were not supposed to get it ended up receiving it. In this context, the goal of this opinion paper is to discuss the process effectiveness and which issues related to information management hindered the positive program impact. Additionally, a less complex but relevant case of Rio Grande do Sul State is discussed. Both cases – the Federal Government and the state government – show the importance of effective information management to face very demanding situations and avoid the high social price to be paid by those who need this aid the most.

The state of knowledge concerning the relationship to knowing in teacher training

This state of knowledge research aims to map the scientific production on the relationship to knowing in teacher training in Brazil, as well as categorize the multiple approaches and perspectives of publications on this theme. Data has been collected from the following academic databases: CAPES (a Brazilian federal government agency that stands for Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), Scopus, SciELO and REPERES (Network of Research on the Relationship to Knowing). This study has originated from skimming titles and abstracts of articles, dissertations and theses whose data have been processed in the light of discursive textual analysis, which involves a cycle of operations that deconstruct a corpus so as to categorize the analysis units. At the end of this stage, the following categories have emerged: school learning, school experience, knowledges (in the plural form) and formative processes. The results disclose the relevance of teachers in the pursuit of a career path with inquisitive attitudes that valorize the Other through a humanistic, dialogic and knowledge-sharing perspective. There is an emergence of Professors/Researchers who reconstruct knowledge, and therefore providing meaning to different knowledges, regardless if these are curricular, disciplinary, professional or experiential. All in all, it has been concluded that the relationship to knowing in teacher training leads to accounting not only for existing difficulties in the process of “learning to learn”, but also for the teacher’s role as mediator between knowledges, the world, his Self and the Other.