对珠海鹤洲水道沿岸围垦湿地的4个红树人工林(包括老鼠簕<em>Acanthus ilicifolius</em>、木榄<em>Bruguiera gymnorrhiza</em>、秋茄<em>Kandelia candel</em>和无瓣海桑<em>Sonneratia apetala</em>)样地和2个挺水植被样地(短叶茳芏<em>Cyperus malaccensis</em> var. <em>brevifolius</em>和芦苇<em>Phragmites australis</em>)的大型底栖动物群落进行为期1a的生物调查。利用大型多元分析软件Primer 5的等级聚类分析CLUSTER(基于Bray-Curtis相似性矩阵)和非参数多变量标序NMDS分析大型底栖动物的群落结构,鹤州北围垦湿地6种生境下大型底栖动物在非相似度55%的条件下被划分为3组(组1:短叶茳芏-老鼠簕-木榄组合;组2:无瓣海桑组合;组3:秋茄-芦苇组合)。组1栖息地其大型底栖动物以谭氏泥蟹(<em>Ilyrplax deschampsi</em>)和多毛类为主,其中老鼠簕样地大型底栖动物物种数目(19种)、物种丰富度(<em>d</em>=1.93±0.11)和多样性指数(<em>H’</em>=1.51±0.13)均为全部6种生境最高;短叶茳芏样地的栖息密度((254.67±156.81)个/m<sup>2</sup>)在6种生境中最高。组2栖息地其大型底栖动物以攀援型螺类和无齿螳臂相手蟹(<em>Chiromantes dehaani</em>)为主,生物量((32.06±19.62)g/m<sup>2</sup>)在6种生境中最高,物种丰富度(<em>d</em>=1.28±0.45)和多样性指数(<em>H’</em>=1.04±0.27)居中。组3栖息地其大型底栖动物以麦克碟尾虫(<em>Discapseudes mackiei</em>)和多毛类为主,物种数、栖息密度、生物量和多样性指数均较低。SIMPER相似性百分比分析显示对群落划分起重要作用的物种主要为各个生境的优势物种。使用典范对应分析(CCA)对大型底栖动物分布与盐度、深度和温度3个环境因子的关系进行深入分析,并利用蒙特卡罗置换检验(Monte Carlo Permutation Test)鉴定环境因子的显著水平,其中盐度(<em>P</em> < 0.05)和深度(<em>P</em> < 0.05)与大型底栖动物分布差异显著相关,温度(<em>P</em> > 0.05)无显著相关。研究结果表明:不同生境大型底栖动物优势物种存在差异;盐度和深度是影响鹤州北围垦湿地大型底栖动物群落结构最重要的环境因子;围垦区人工湿地与自然滩涂大型底栖动物群落结构差异显著。;Macrobenthic communities were sampled four times over a one year period between December 2010 and September 2011 at six different sites in North Hezhou, Zhuhai, China. The six sites comprised four restored mangrove forest habitats (each dominated by a different mangrove species: <em>Acanthus ilicifolius</em>, <em>Bruguiera gymnorrhiza</em>, <em>Kandelia candel</em> and <em>Sonneratia apetala</em>) and two diked wetland habitats, one of which was composed of <em>Cyperus malaccensis </em>var. <em>brevifolius</em>, and the other <em>Phragmites australis</em>. In total, 35 macrobenthic species were recorded during the study. The dominant taxa recorded were crustaceans (10 taxa) and polychaetes (7 taxa). The number of species recorded at a single site varied from 7 (<em>Kandelia candel</em> habitat) to 19 (<em>Acanthus ilicifolius</em> habitat). Hierarchical clustering (based on the Bray-Curtis similarity index) combined with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS); implemented in PRIMER 5 under the condition of 55% non-similarity), was used to classify sampling sites into three groups based on their macrobenthic fauna. Group 1 comprised <em>Cyperus malaccensis </em>var. <em>brevifolius, Acanthus ilicifolius</em>, and <em>Bruguiera gymnorrhiza </em>habitats; Group 2 comprised the <em>Sonneratia apetala</em> habitat; while Group 3 comprised <em>Kandelia candel</em> and <em>Phragmites australis</em> habitat. However, species composition was similar across all three groups, because <em>Discapseudes mackiei </em>was abundant at all six habitats. The highest number of species (19), highest Margalef index (<em>d</em> = 1.93±0.11), and highest species diversity (Shannon-wiener index, <em>H'</em> = 1.51±0.13)were recorded at the <em>Acanthus ilicifolius </em>habitat, where crustaceans, mainly <em>Ilyrplax deschampsi</em>, were the dominant group recorded. Macrobenthos density was highest at the <em>Cyperus malaccensis </em>var. <em>brevifolius </em>habitat (254.67±156.81) ind./m<sup>2</sup>, while macrobenthos biomass was highest at the <em>Sonneratia apetala</em> habitat (32.06±19.62) g/m<sup>2</sup>). Interestingly, the faunal community structure at the <em>Sonneratia apetala</em> habitat differed significantly to the other habitats, as it was dominated by climbing species, such as <em>Chiromantes dehaani</em> and <em>Pythia cecillei</em>. <em>Discapseudes mackiei </em>and polychaetes were the dominant species within<em> Kandelia candel </em>and<em> Phragmites australis </em>habitats. Overall, macrobenthos species richness, density, biomass and species diversity were low within all six habitats. We also classified macrobenthic community structure based on functional feeding groups (FFGs) and life form analyses. Results showed that the omnivorous functional feeding group and below-surface life forms were abundant at all habitats within the North Hezhou tidal flat. Similarity percentages analysis (SIMPER) showed that the species that differentiated the macrobenthic communities of different habitats were the dominant species in each habitat. The results of a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that macrobenthic communities changed significantly with depth (Monte Carlo permutation test: <em>P</em> < 0.05) and salinity (<em>P</em> < 0.05), but not with temperature (<em>P</em> > 0.05). The findings of this study suggest that macrobenthic communities differ structurally between the diked wetland habitats and the natural tidal flat habitats, with the highest densities and biomasses of macrobenthos occurring at habitats close to the tidal gate. Our results further reveal significant differences in the dominant species of macrobenthos occurring in different habitats. Furthermore, our results show that environmental variables, such as depth and salinity, are the most important factors affecting macrobenthic communities in the North Hezhou tidal flat.