Brands Of Milk Research Articles

Pengaruh Brand Image, Korean Wave, Sikap Fanatisme, dan Brand Ambassador terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ultra Milk Edisi Kolaborasi Stray Kids

Ultra Milk is a milk brand using UHT (Ultra High Temperature) technology and one of the products that dominate the Indonesian market. The rising trend of South Korean culture has led Ultra Milk to collaborate with South Korean entertainment artists. Capitalizing on fanaticism, Ultra Milk chose Stray Kids as a brand ambassador by issuing a limited edition photocard. The study aims to determine the effect of brand image, Korean wave, fanaticism, and brand ambassador on purchasing decisions for Ultra Milk products in the Stray Kids collaboration edition. Using a quantitative approach. Research data sources come from primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents. Secondary data sources are obtained from journals and books. Data collection techniques using non-probability sampling (purposive sampling). The research sample was 168 respondents with the criteria of Stray Kids fans, aged 20-25 years, and had purchased Stray Kids Ultra Milk products. The data was processed using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results showed that brand image, Korean wave, fanaticism attitude, and brand ambassador have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.

Review of Consumer Purchasing Patterns for Milk Products in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India

Milk and milk products play a vital role in fast moving consumer goods (FMCG). Milk products have very low shelf life and are prone to deterges, if proper care is not taken while pasteurizing, processing, packaging and handling. Hence, consumers desire local brand milk products than national brands or others, due to its more availability, less preservatives and longer shelf time. It is a well-known fact that most of the consumers still prefer traditional ways for the consumption of milk and milk products. So, the awareness about packed milk products is lower in these days as these products are mostly restricted with urban consumers. Whereas, many consumers feel packed milk products are not safe to consume. So, the main focus of this review was to analyze the buying behavior of consumers towards Aroma milk products. The review was to done to determine the perception and attitude of consumers towards buying Aroma milk products which helped to understand the value of the product in consumer’s point of view.

Microplastics in the commercially available branded milk in Bangladesh: An emerging threat for human health

Microplastics (MPs) are polymer-based particles commonly found in diverse foods that pose serious human health impacts throughout the food chain. Assessment of MPs in different food products is a prime measure to combat MP-related food contamination. Therefore, this study first investigated the identification, characterization, and potential risks of MPs in the commercially available milk brands (19 dry powders and 06 liquid brands) in Bangladesh. The presence of MPs in milk samples was 279.47 ± 134.26 particles/kg and 182.27 ± 55.13 particles/L for powder and liquid milk, respectively, with a significant variety. Study findings displayed miscellaneous colors, fiber shapes (powder=78 %; liquid=81 %), > 0.1 mm sizes (powder=69 %; liquid=65 %), and polyethylene (powder=48 %; liquid=44 %) dominating MPs categories. The pollution load index indicated significant pollution due to the high abundance of MPs. Further, other risk-evaluating indices including contamination factor and Nemerow pollution index represent moderate to high MP-induced pollution for both milk samples. Low to moderate polymeric risks are exhibited by powder and liquid milk samples. Children could be exposed to 3.43 times higher MPs than adults through daily oral ingestion, which has significant health effects. This study found that powder milk was the most severely MPs induced risk than liquid milk. Consequently, this study finding established a reference point for MP contamination in milk, so special attention must be taken during production, storage, and packaging stages to reduce MP contamination.

Screening of veterinary drug residues in marketed milk and eggs in Oman

Background: Residues of veterinary drugs in animal-based food are still under debate. However, they affect human health and are linked to antibiotic resistance. Objectives: The aim of this study was to screen the levels of veterinary drug residues in locally available and imported milk and eggs, and to check if they were within the permitted limits. Methods: Thirty-five compounds from five groups were studied, namely tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, and beta-lactams. The extraction was done using Agilent QuEChERS method, and the extracts were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 124 samples of fresh milk and 129 samples of eggs were analyzed. Results: None of the 35 compounds tested were not detected in the samples. Hence, the investigated fresh full-fat milk brands were safe, as no veterinary drug residues were detected in any of the samples. In egg screening, none of the 35 tested antibiotic compounds were not found in Egg-B and Egg-D. Egg-Z was free of 34 antibiotic compounds, but tylosin was detected. Six samples had concentrations ranging from 4.64 to 11.64 μg/kg, and one sample had the highest concentration of tylosin at 89.2 ± 1.19 μg/kg. All these concentrations were below the maximum residue limit. Conclusions: All investigated brands were found to be safe sources of food. Hence, the studied milk and eggs products available in the Omani market are safe to use.

PENGARUH EKUITAS MEREK PRODUK SUSU BEAR BRAND TERHADAP PERILAKU PEMBELIAN KEMBALI PASCA PANDEMI COVID 19

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused panic buying of certain products such as hand sanitizers, masks, vitamins and bear brand dairy products. This change in behavior resulted in the product being scarce and experiencing an increase in price. This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the brand equity dimension, namely awareness, association, perception of quality and brand loyalty partially and simultaneously on Buyback Behavior. The research method used is quantitative. The population in this study is consumers of bear brand milk, with a sample of 105 people. The determination of the sample was carried out by the purposive sampling method with the characteristics of consumers who had consumed dairy products during the pandemic and were still consuming until after the pandemic. Data processing using SPSS. The results of this study are known to have an influence between brand equity and repurchase decisions. Consumer loyalty in making repeat purchases is due to consumer awareness of health by consuming milk.

Estimation of fluoride concentration in commercially available vegan brands of milk in India

Estimation of fluoride concentration in commercially available vegan brands of milk in India

A novel ratiometric electrochemical sensing platform combined with molecularly imprinted polymer and Fe-MOF-NH2/CNTs-NH2/MXene composite for efficient detection of ofloxacin

BackgroundOfloxacin (OFL) is often abused in medicine and animal husbandry, which poses a great threat to human health and ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish efficient method to detect OFL. Electrochemical sensor has attracted widespread attention due to the advantages of low cost and fast response. However, most electrochemical sensors usually use one response signal to detect the target, which makes it sensitive to the variable background noise in the complex environment, resulting in low robustness and selectivity. The ratio detection mode and employing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) are two strategies to solve these problems. ResultsA novel molecular imprinting polymer-ratiometric electrochemical sensor (MIP-RECS) based on Fe-MOF-NH2/CNTs-NH2/MXene composite was prepared for the rapid and sensitive detection of OFL. The positively charged Fe-MOF-NH2 and CNTs-NH2 as interlayer spacers were introduced into the negatively charged MXene through a simple electrostatic self-assembly technique, which effectively prevented the agglomeration of MXene and increased the electrocatalytic activity. A glass carbon electrode was modified by the composite and a MIP film was electropolymerized on it using o-phenylenediamine and β-cyclodextrin as bifunctional monomers and OFL as template. Then a MIP-RECS was designed by adding dopamine (DA) into the electrolyte solution as internal reference, and OFL was quantified by the response current ratio of OFL to DA. The current ratio and the concentration of OFL displayed a satisfying linear relationship in the range of 0.1 μM–100 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 13.2 nM. SignificanceCombining molecular imprinting strategy and ratio strategy, the MIP-RECS has impressive selectivity compared with the non-imprinted polymer-RECS, and has better repeatability and reproducibility than non-ratiometric sensor. The MIP-RECS has high sensitivity and accuracy, which was applied for the detection of OFL in four different brands of milk and was verified by HPLC method with satisfactory results.

Evaluation and Quality Assessment of Various Brands of Commercial and Homegrown Milk in a Certain Dound Taluka, Pune

Evaluation and Quality Assessment of Various Brands of Commercial and Homegrown Milk in a Certain Dound Taluka, Pune

Evaluation of Consumer Attitudes Regarding Local Brand Milk and Dairy Products: Case of Süleymanpaşa Districts of Tekirdağ-Türkiye

Since the concept of brand has a wide and diverse range, it is divided into different groups from different perspectives. Local brands are products that are produced, manufactured, and sold by a company in a specific city or that are distributed in a constrained area. This study’s primary goal is to assess how local brands selling milk and dairy products in a particular region are perceived by local consumers. It also seeks to analyze the standing of local producers in this sector and consumer attitudes toward regionally branded goods by highlighting the significance of milk and dairy products in terms of human health. The study makes use of survey information from 381 households in Süleymanpaşa Districts of Tekirdağ-Türkiye. The data were analyzed using fundamental statistical techniques, factor analysis, and logistic regression analysis. In the survey, it was found that 85.0% of participants were familiar with the idea of local brand, while just 15.0% were not. Consumers who said they buy local brand milk and dairy products made up 78% of the sample. Consumers found local products to be more natural and tastier than national brands. According to the factor analysis, the judgements influencing customers’ preference for local brand milk and dairy products were classified into five factors. These factors are named as naturalness and quality, price and promotion, health, food safety, brand and image. Logistic regression analysis was used to explain the association between purchasing local brand milk and dairy products and factor scores, as well as knowing the notion of local brand. Those who favor “Naturalness and Quality” in purchased milk and dairy products are nearly three times more likely than those who do not to purchase local brand milk and dairy goods. With a probability of 68.4%, those who do not understand the notion of local brand will not purchase local branded products.

Assessment of the Chemical Properties and Microbial Analysis of Some Powdered Sachet Milk Brands Sold in Owerri, Imo State

Physicochemical and microbial analysis of some powdered sachet milk brands sold in Owerri, Imo State were evaluated. The results revealed significant different (P≤0.05) in variations of the physical and chemical values of the powdered milk brands. Powdered milk brand sample E recorded the highest values in most of the evaluated parameters such as: protein (10.46%), fat (4.44%), moisture (1.92%) and total solids (8.13%). Powdered milk brand sample D had the highest in acidity value of 0.77%. Samples A, D and E had the least value of ash (0.05%), while samples B, D and E had the highest value of reducing sugar (4.05%). The sucrose content of the powdered milk brand samples showed that samples A, B, C, D and E had sucrose content of 6.91, 6.26, 6.05, 5.56 and 6.37% respectively. The sucrose of the samples was significantly different (P≥0.05). The following organisms were isolated Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp, Bacillus cereus, Shigella sp, Penicilium. The results shows that the physicochemical values of the powdered sachet milk samples were within the standard for powdered sachet milk as recommended by the regulatory agency.

Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of Different Imported Milk Brands Offered in Afghanistan Markets

Milk is an enriched food that humans widely consume. It is the source of many nutrients like protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. The content of high-quality milk should match that of natural milk and national and international standards. In the current study, the quality of selected imported milk brands (Pak1, Pak2, Pak3, Pak4, and Ir1) and local cow milk in the markets of Kabul City was evaluated. For this purpose, the levels of protein, fat, total solid, solid not fat, acidity, pH, and specific gravity were measured. Data analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test in GraphPad Prism software. Our findings showed that the protein level in imported brands was significantly lower than the standard of cow milk (p<0.01). Among imported brands, the protein level in Ir1 and Pak4 was higher than other brands and the standard (p<0.05). The level of fat in Pak2 and Pak3 was higher than the standard and other brands (p<0.05), the level of total solid in Ir1 was lower than the standard (p<0.05), and the level of solid not fat in Pak2 and Pak3 was lower than the standard (p<0.05). Our results showed that local cow milk has a higher quality than imported milk brands, and among the brands, Pak4 has a higher quality than other brands, where its quality is almost the same as the composition of local cow milk.

INFLUENCING FACTORS OF CONSUMERS’ BRAND PREFERENCE OF POWDERED MILK

Oghenenyerhovwo Rita Inoni E-mail: oghenenyerhovwo.inoni@dou.edu.ng Ph.D, Dennis Osadebay University Asaba. Delta State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-2000 Justice Taiwo Ogundare E-mail: justice.ogundare@dou.edu.ng Ph.D., Dennis Osadebay University Asaba. Delta State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8622-9206 Abstract: Consumer brand preference (CBP) is a precursor to a consumer’s final purchase decision of a product, and is an important area in the field of consumer buying behaviour. This is particularly so owing to the multitudinous array of competing products in the market place. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the variables that influence consumers' brand preferences for powdered milk in the study area. In order to realise the objectives of the study, data were drawn from a sample of 381 milk consumers in Delta and Edo States in Southern Nigeria, using stratified and purposive sampling methods. The data generated were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency tables, cross tabulation, ANOVA and multiple regression. The results of the cross-tabulation of monthly income and milk brands reveal that ‘Dano’is the most preferred (17.3%) powdered milk brand, while ‘Milksi’ is the least preferred (5.8%) by consumers across all income groups. The multiple regression results indicate that CBP for milk powder is significantly influenced by consumers’ attitude, reference groups, product quality, consumption emotions, television advertisement and product price, with positive consumption emotions as the dominant predictor. The study also found significant variation in CBP with respect to educational status, household size and income. Therefore, milk producing companies should adopt pragmatic pricing and marketing strategies to reach desired target segments in order to sustain customers’ patronage and ensure they remain loyal to their brands. Keywords: consumer brand preference; purchase decision; consumption emotions; powdered milk; Nigeria JEL classification: D12, M30, M31

A comparison of nutritional contents and price differential between dairy and plant-based milk in Fijian supermarkets

Plant-based milk import has been increasing in the Fijis supermarkets. While this milk may cater for vegans(1) and people with allergies from dairy milk, the question always remains that if the plant-based milk are equally nutritious and available at reasonable price in comparison to the dairy milk. Dairy milk is commonly consumed by the Fijian population while the plant-based milk is positioning itself into the market as alternatives. Therefore, this paper is aimed at comparing the nutrient content and price of milk from dairy cows and plant milk sources available in the supermarkets in Fiji. This study examines different brands of dairy and plant-based milk in 6 major supermarket chains in the central part of Fiji. There was 22 dairy milk, 6 soya milk, 5 almond milk and 4 oat milk sampled from these supermarkets. The median value of milk nutrient composition and price for dairy milks and different plant-based milks were calculated as the data was not normally distributed. The Kruskal- Wallis test was conducted to further analyse the difference between the nutrient composition and price of dairy milks and plant-based milk. The energy composition in the dairy milk was significantly higher (p < 0.01) when compared with plant-based milks soya almond milk and oat. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in dairy milk protein, fat and saturated fat when compared to plant-based milks. The result indicated that the protein, fat, and saturated fat are both significantly higher in cow’s milk. Milk carbohydrate analysis indicate higher composition in dairy milk therefore a significant difference (p < 0.01) was noted when compared to almond milk(except soya and oat milk). There is a significant difference (p < 0.01) in sugar indicating cow’s milk having higher sugar when compared to plant-based milk (except soya milk The sodium composition in the dairy milk and all the plant- based milk showed no significance difference (p > 0.05) in the composition. There was also significant difference (p < 0.05) in comparison of calcium composition of dairy milk and plant-based milk indicating almond milk with lower calcium. The phosphorus composition in dairy milk and plant-based milk indicates that there is a strong significant difference (p < 0.01) (except soya and oat milk). The riboflavin composition was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in dairy milk compared to soya and oat milk. Lastly, there was significant difference (p < 0.01) between price of dairy milk when compared to plant-based milk. The study concludes that there is more nutrient in dairy milk and the price is significantly lower than plant-based milk at which these nutrients are available in dairy milk.

An Investigation of the Safety and Nutritional Adequacy of Infant Formulas Found in Nigeria

Introduction Human breast milk is most recommended for the feeding of infants. Infant formulas could be introduced due to a number of reasons relating to the health of the mother or of the baby.  Objective To assess the nutritional adequacy and safety of commonly sold infant formula milk brands in the Nigerian market.  Method An observational study was conducted in Plateau State Nigeria around the months of February – April 2023 where five (5) different brand of infant formulas where compared. These were chosen because they were the most commonly available formulas in the market. Macro and micronutrient content of each formula milk was carefully collected from the cans and documented. Also, a comparison was made between the selected infant formulas and the European Society for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrient (ESPGHAN) guidelines.  Results All included infant formula brands (SMA, Peak Baby, My Boy, NAN, and Lactogen) have their content within the optimal range as specified by the ESPGHAN. However, some formulas did not contain elements as fluoride and Niacin. Others are Aracidonic acid (AA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DNA) and Nucleotides.  Discussion Findings from this study revealed that all the included infant formula brands could be considered safe but not all are nutritionally adequate for infant feeding.  Conclusion There is a need re-evaluate the composition of infant formula brands commonly sold on the Nigerian market. This is necessary since the commonly available brands were not nutritionally adequate.

ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION RISK LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL (226RA, 232TH, AND 40K) AND ARTIFICIAL (137CS) RADIONUCLIDES PRESENT IN POWDERED MILK SOLD AND CONSUMED IN SENEGAL

The study conducted in Senegal sought to address the dearth of data on radionuclide concentrations in milk, particularly considering the upward trajectory of domestic consumption. Employing gamma-spectrometry, researchers investigated five milk brands, calculating the resulting ingestion dose. The concentrations of 232Th, 226Ra, 137Cs, and 40K exhibited variability across brands, ranging from 0.40 ± 0.30 for G1 to 7.58 ± 0.37 for V1, 0.50 ± 0.17 for V1 to 1.15 ± 0.11 for D1, 0.06 ± 0.05 for V1 to 0.43 ± 0.06 for D1, L1, G1, and H1, and 16.31 ± 4.02 for L1 to 369.26 ± 15.84 Bq/kg for G1. Notably, the total average Annual Effective Dose for all age groups remained consistent across all brands. Importantly, the concentrations observed were found to be significantly below the guidance level recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). As a result, the study concludes that all five milk brands investigated are considered safe for consumption, providing reassurance to the public regarding the radionuclide content in the milk supply chain in Senegal.

Understanding consumer behavior in choosing bear brand milk products using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method

Understanding consumer behavior in choosing bear brand milk products using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS AND MICRONUTRIENTS IN BRANDED DAIRY PRODUCTS SOLD IN NIGERIA USING ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (AAS)

Quantitative analysis of heavy metals and nutrients in food helps indicate the safety and quality of food for final consumers. The present study was conducted to assess the presence of heavy metals (arsenic, copper, mercury, chromium, and lead) and the nutritional value of calcium in branded milk and yogurt to evaluate health risks for consumers. Ten (10) samples of branded milk and dairy products manufactured in Nigeria were purchased. The metal contents of the samples were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentrations of calcium in the milk samples were between 9.33 ± 0.0023 and 18 ± 0.0071 ppm and were detected in all samples. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.45 ± 0.00042 to 2.48 ± 0.00064 ppm in eight branded samples but were undetected in two samples. Chromium levels were undetected in most samples, except for two with concentrations of 0.12±0.00049 ppm and 0.23±0.00021 ppm, respectively. Copper ranged from 0.032±0.00021 ppm to 0.129±0.00021 ppm in six samples. Mercury levels were detected in six samples at a concentration of 1.0±1.0 ppm. Lead concentrations ranged from 0.15±0.00064 to 0.29±0.00028 ppm in three samples. The study found heavy metals above the ideal concentration in branded milk and dairy products in Nigeria, highlighting the need for quality control measures during production to prevent contamination.

Processing Practices and Quality of Dairy Products in Burkina Faso

Dairy industry is playing an increasing role in food security and economics of West African countries. However there is a need for more information on the quality and history of the dairy products found on the local markets in order to guide necessary reformations in this sector. The objective of this study was to provide data on the quality and processing practices of dairy products, including some locally manufactured dairy products and imported powder milk commercialised in Burkina Faso. Specifically, a survey was carried out first, to identify the locally manufactured dairy products as well as the manufacturing practices, particularly the malpractices not yet reported in the literature. Then, locally manufactured dairy products (excluding the traditionally fermented milk lait caillé and pasteurised milk), imported powder milk from brands frequently used for processing milk products and fraudulent practices identified during the survey were evaluated through laboratory analyses. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, acidity and moisture content were determined. In addition microbiological parameters such as aerobic mesophilic flora, yeast and mold, thermotolerant coliforms or enterobactria, were also determined. 
 Results from the survey showed that good manufacturing practices were not strictly observed. In addition it was reported use of salt and a popular street medicine “toupaϊ” (supposedly an antibiotic) for delaying the spoilage/fermentation of the raw milk. Six types of locally manufactured milk products were identified while seven brands of powder milk were frequently used, after repackaging, for processing milk products. Most samples of locally manufactured products were unsatisfactory for fungal and thermotolerant coliforms loads. Powder milk samples showed absence of enterobacteria. Sensory analyses showed that locally manufactured products from powder milk were more appreciated than those made from raw milk. Attempts to reproduce the malpractices of using salt or “toupaϊ” did not lead to significant results compared to the control, suggesting that some respondents did not fully open up about the malpractices. These data are useful since they would give tools to policy makers for quality control and regulation in the sector of dairy products.

Determination of Ca, P, K, Na, and Mg in Australian Retail Pasteurised Milk Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP OES)

A rapid and simple inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method was developed and validated for the determination of macroelements including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) in Australian retail pasteurised milk. The milk samples were digested using the mixture of 70% HNO3 and 30% H2O2 (2 : 1, v/v) in an open‐tube digester block at 120°C for 4 h. The validated ICP OES method showed good linearity for all elements (R2 > 0.9993). The method limits of quantification (LOQ) for Ca, P, K, Na, and Mg were 19.85, 8.97, 100.8, 41.92, and 11.56 µg·g−1, respectively. Recoveries were in the range of 91.54–116.0%. Repeatability and interday reproducibility expressed as the relative standard deviation (% RSD) was below 5.0%. The contents of macroelements in 6 retail pasteurised milk samples were between 1099.32 and 1348.65 µg·g−1 (Ca), 914.01 and 1091.21 µg·g−1 (P), 1362.76 and 1549.74 µg·g−1 (K), 288.89 and 323.22 µg·g−1 (Na), and 97.62 and 110.57 µg·g−1 (Mg). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that retail pasteurised milk samples were distinctly separated into four groups on the first two principal components (PCs). The difference in the macroelement content between milk brands might be affected by milk regions.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ РЕЙТИНГОВ МОЛОКА В АСПЕКТЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РОССИИ КАЧЕСТВЕННЫМИ ПРОДУКТАМИ ПИТАНИЯ

Given the shortage of milk in the Russian Federation (per capita consumption does not exceed 75% of the norm recommended by the Russian Ministry of Health), the risks of counterfeit products appearing on the domestic market increase. In this regard, the problem of objective assessment of the safety and quality of dairy products, especially drinking milk, as the most accessible to the consumer, becomes relevant. Such an assessment should be based on a system of quantitative indicators that fully reflect the biological, physicochemical and consumer properties of the product. The results of the study showed the high reliability of the Roskachestvo rating data, covering about 70% of drinking milk brands (both pasteurized and ultra-pasteurized) sold on the domestic Russian market. The “Expert’s Choice” rating is characterized by extremely low representativeness and a controversial methodology for calculating the rating functionality, but at the same time it quite accurately names high-quality brands of UHT milk. The Roskontrol rating is distinguished by a selective approach to the selection of analyzed brands (preference is given to well-known brands) and obvious bias - products of manufacturers who do not cooperate with the company, as a rule, receive underestimated ratings. Insufficient volumes of milk production by the Russian agro-industrial complex create the preconditions for product falsification: in the segment of pasteurized milk its share is about 8%, and in ultra-pasteurized milk – about 18%. At the same time, more than 55% of domestic brands sold on the domestic market are of excellent quality, and more than 70% are of good or higher quality.