Branching System Research Articles

Approaches to modelling economic system of the northern region

The article presents the results of the review of the applied approaches to modelling regional branch systems. The article justifies the task of modelling the extractive industries as a basic branch of the economy of the northern regions of resource type. Technical prerequisites determine the need for the formation of new approaches to the methodology and algorithm for modelling complex systems. The author’s conceptual map of the production subsystem is presented: mining in the relationship with the blocks (graphs) of the regional system. The requirements to the functionality of dynamic models and the choice of their factors for determining the stability of the components of the regional industry system are highlighted. The developed models will take into account system transformations from structural and technological shifts: cyclicality of industry crises, depletion of reserves, digital maturity, and ESG effects.

Law enforcement in context of transformation of the labor sphere and modernization of the theory of labor relations

The subject of research is the problems of modernization of the subject of labor law and the theory of labor relations in the context of the transformation of the labor sphere The purpose of article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis thatThe methodology of research is formal legal and logical interpretation of Russian Constitution and labor legislation, analysis of the academic publications concerning labor law. Based on the historical analysis of the law structuring process, the direction of development of labor law as a private-public branch of law.The main results, scope of application. It is substantiated that the totality of elements of legal relations, characteristic of both private and public law (freely entering into labor relations on the basis of an agreement, but forced to fulfill obligations under the agreement exclusively by personal labor, obeying the employer’s will in the process of labor activity), should be a system (an interconnected integrative set having an anti-entropic character) in order to function effectively. The removal of some elements from this system entails an imbalance in the system of the labor law branch as a whole, with possible subsequent destruction. On the basis of a systematic approach, the formation and development of the theory of labor relations in domestic legal science are studied. The foundations of the convergent "theory of the plurality of unified labor relations", developed for application in the conditions of transition to new technological paradigms and growing differentiation of forms of labor organization, are proposed and substantiated. This theory was developed on the basis of the “theory of a single indivisible labor relationship” by N.G. Aleksandrov and "the theory of the complex of labor relations" V.N. Skobelkin. On the basis of the theory of plurality of unified labor legal relations, the prospects for expanding the subject of the branch of labor law are determined by including in it emerging new relations that are associated with the use of human labor on a contractual and non-contractual basis. A motivated assumption is formulated that such an expansion of the subject of labor law will make it possible to complete the process begun a century and a half ago and finally remove all contracts providing for the employment of labor from the subject of civil law in favor of labor law. A contract of personal employment between individuals, assuming the equality of the parties to the use of independent labor not with a single employer, will remain civil law. Through the institutions of labor protection, social insurance and social partnership, labor law should begin a systematic expansion to any emerging new form of organization of human labor. After that, a new form of labor organization can be subject to various sets of other industry norms and institutions, the use of which ensures the protection of the employee and an increase in production efficiency. The necessity of changing the presumption of proving the existence of labor relations to proving civil relations is substantiated.Conclusions. The article substantiates the three-subject composition of the participants in the system of legal relations arising from the use of agency labor (contract on the provision of an employee) and the need to establish joint liability of subjects on the side of the employer (solidary employer). It proves the need to release the employee from liability for offenses detected by artificial intelligence. It is proposed to continue research on the prospects for the formation of labor procedural law.

Особенности современных локальных войн и вооруженных конфликтов и проблемы оказания медицинской помощи населению в догоспитальном периоде

Summary. The aim of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of modern local wars and armed conflicts, their influence on the structure of sanitary and non-return losses among population on the basis of scientific publications analysis. It also aims to define the principal problems of organization and rendering medical aid to wounded, sick and injured under these conditions and to outline the possible ways of their solution. Materials and research methods Materials of research — domestic and foreign publications, which analyze modern local wars and armed conflicts and assess their striking effect on vital functions and vitality of population. Method of research — review-analytical. Results of the study and their analysis. The features of modern local wars and armed conflicts, their impact on the structure of combat and non-combat losses among the population are highlighted. The inefficiency of the present system of medical and evacuation measures for urgent and emergency medical indications in the prehospital period was presented, especially in the conditions of combat operations. There were defined both advantages and problems of wide and effective application of capabilities, forces and means of the Disaster Medicine Service and ambulance service for rendering first and medical (emergency and urgent) aid to the population in regions of military actions and in extreme situations. A variant has been suggested to combine forces and means of medical service of civil defense, ambulance and emergency medical service into a united universal branch system called “operative-tactical medicine” aimed at optimization and increase of effectiveness of medical aid rendering to population in prehospital period both in conditions of everyday activity and in extreme conditions of modern local wars, armed conflicts and other emergency situations.

Development of domestic criminal law regarding responsibility for abuse of power or official authority by a law enforcement official

Exceeding official authority, malpractice, use of power for personal purposes are phenomena that accompany the process of political, economic and social development of any state. Despite the fact the negative phenomenon is inherent in every country; the effectiveness of measures against its spread remains various.
 The development of effective methods of combating any misconduct is impossible without the prior implementation of historical and legal research. In such a case, it seems possible not only to comprehend the causes and conditions for the origin of this dangerous phenomenon, but also to find out the compliance of criminal law prescriptions with the requirements of the public.
 Gaining independence of our State at the end of the 20th century, caused a necessity to implement changes that affected the entire branch system of society’s vital activities. There was no exception to the issue of the sphere related to the implementation of law enforcement activities. In fact, since the adoption of the Act of Proclamation of Independence of Ukraine and until now, the law enforcement system has been continuously reformed. This is explained by the need to improve the effectiveness of Ukrainian human rights bodies and bring them into line with modern democratic, social, economic and political realities. Precisely for the purpose of ensuring effective organization of the implementation of reforms in the area within the competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs there was created permanent advisory body “Office of Reforms”.
 Taking into account the level of public danger, threats of exceeding power or official authority by law enforcement officers required special legal regulation. Criminal liability for the specified act is established in Art.365 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the content of which, like the entire law enforcement system of Ukraine, has undergone numerous changes. Since the effective date of the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, five changes have been made to this criminal law norm, one of which even referred to the new edition.
 Accordingly, historical knowledge of the essence of the phenomenon of exceeding power or official authority by a law enforcement officials will help to understand the content and meaning of the ban, and therefore to understand the approaches of the legislator in solving certain problems.

Тенденции динамики фоновых показателей опасностей аварий на опасных производственных объектах

For the constructive implementation of a risk-oriented approach in the field of ensuring industrial safety, the real guidelines are needed for the existing hazards of accidents, as well as the achieved and desired level of ensuring industrial safety. One of the important indicators of the industrial safety state can be the background risk of accidents, which is recorded not at a separate hazardous production facility, but in the branch systems of hazardous industries. By changing the ratio of the background risk of an accident in the industry and at a specific supervised facility, one can judge the status and the efficiency of industrial safety management systems at an operating hazardous production facility. A hazardous production facility, as the main source of knowledge about hazards and the application of forces in the field of ensuring industrial safety, has the distinctive properties of both «hazard» and «productivity». To assess the state of safety at a hazardous production facility, special indicators are required that show the interaction of the properties of «hazard» and «productivity». The article presents the trends in the proposed indicators of accident hazard in certain industries over the past 25 years. These indicators do not cancel, but only supplement the traditional indicators of accidents and injuries allowing to assess the risk of accidents in the transitional and crisis periods. The background risk of an accident is a representative indicator for assessing the efficiency of using both traditional control and supervision approaches and mastering modern risk-oriented approaches to industrial safety regulation.

A Web-Based Prostate Cancer-Specific Holistic Needs Assessment (CHAT-P): Multimethod Study From Concept to Clinical Practice.

Men with prostate cancer experience immediate and long-term consequences of the disease and its treatment. They require both long-term monitoring for recurrence or progression and follow-up to identify and help manage psychosocial and physical impacts. Holistic Needs Assessment aims to ensure patient-centered continuing cancer care. However, paper-based generic tools have had limited uptake within cancer services, and there is little evidence of their impact. With the expansion of remote methods of care delivery and to enhance the value of generic tools, we developed a web-based Composite Holistic Needs Assessment Adaptive Tool-Prostate (CHAT-P) specifically for prostate cancer. This paper described the context, conceptual underpinning, and approach to design that informed the development of CHAT-P, starting from the initial concept to readiness for deployment. Through this narrative, we sought to contribute to the expanding body of knowledge regarding the coproduction process of innovative digital systems with potential for enhanced cancer care delivery. The development of CHAT-P was guided by the principles of coproduction. Men with prostate cancer and health care professionals contributed to each stage of the process. Testing was conducted iteratively over a 5-year period. An initial rapid review of patient-reported outcome measures identified candidate items for inclusion. These items were categorized and allocated to overarching domains. After the first round of user testing, further items were added, improvements were made to the adaptive branching system, and response categories were refined. A functioning version of CHAT-P was tested with 16 patients recruited from 3 outpatient clinics, with interviewers adopting the think-aloud technique. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a framework approach. Interviews and informal discussions with health care professionals informed the development of a linked care plan and clinician-facing platform, which were incorporated into a separate feasibility study of digitally enhanced integrated cancer care. The findings from the interview study demonstrated the usability, acceptability, and potential value of CHAT-P. Men recognized the benefits of a personalized approach and the importance of a holistic understanding of their needs. Preparation for the consultation by the completion of CHAT-P was also recognized as empowering. The possible limitations identified were related to the importance of care teams responding to the issues selected in the assessment. The subsequent feasibility study highlighted the need for attention to men's psychological concerns and demonstrated the ability of CHAT-P to capture red flag symptoms requiring urgent investigation. CHAT-P offers an innovative means by which men can communicate their concerns to their health care teams before a physical or remote consultation. There is now a need for a full evaluation of the implementation process and outcomes where CHAT-P is introduced into the clinical pathway. There is also scope for adapting the CHAT-P model to other cancers.

Integration of maXs-type microcalorimeter detectors for high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy into the experimental environment at the CRYRING@ESR electron cooler

We report on the first integration of novel magnetic microcalorimeter detectors (MMCs), developed within SPARC (Stored Particles Atomic Physics Research Collaboration), into the experimental environment of storage rings at GSI 6 6 GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64 291 Darmstadt., Darmstadt, namely at the electron cooler of CRYRING@ESR. Two of these detector systems were positioned at the 0° and 180° view ports of the cooler section to obtain high-resolution x-ray spectra originating from a stored beam of hydrogen-like uranium interacting with the cooler electrons. While previous test measurements with microcalorimeters at the accelerator facility of GSI were conducted in the mode of well-established stand-alone operation, for the present experiment we implemented several notable modifications to exploit the full potential of this type of detector for precision x-ray spectroscopy of stored heavy ions. Among these are a new readout system compatible with the multi branch system data acquisition platform of GSI, the synchronization of a quasi-continuous energy calibration with the operation cycle of the accelerator facility, as well as the first exploitation of the maXs detectors’ time resolution to apply coincidence conditions for the detection of photons and charge-changed ions.

Unifying interval maps and branching systems with applications to relative graph C*-algebras

We describe Markov interval maps via branching systems and develop the theory of relative branching systems, characterizing when the associated representations of relative graph C*-algebras are faithful. When the Markov interval maps f have escape sets, we use our results to characterize injectivity of the associated relative graph algebra representations, improving on previous work by the first, third, and fourth authors.

ЗАГАЛЬНІ ПРАВОВІ ЗАСАДИ НАДАННЯ ТА ОТРИМАННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ДОПОМОГИ В УКРАЇНІ

Financial assistance is an important tool for providing economic support to both business entities and all other legal subjects, regardless of their economic and legal status. According to the Budget Code of Ukraine, the sources of formation of the special fund of the State Budget of Ukraine in terms of revenues and revenues of the special fund of local budgets include revenues from assistance programs and grants of the European Union, foreign governments, international organizations, donors, and expenditures - expenditures implementation of programs and activities within the framework of assistance programs and grants of the European Union, foreign governments, international organizations, donor institutions. The processes of providing financial assistance to economic entities by the state are regulated by the Budget Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On State Assistance to Economic Entities». The subjects of relations in the field of providing and receiving financial assistance are the state, legal entities and individuals. The article considers the general financial, tax and civil principles of providing and receiving financial assistance. The provision and receipt of financial assistance as a subject of legal regulation in relation to the system of branches of Ukrainian legislation is intersectoral, comprehensive, as these social relations are governed not only by financial but also economic, tax and civil legislation. Studies of the legal regulation of the provision and receipt of financial assistance are promising both in terms of legal science and in terms of law enforcement practice given the growing needs for public and private financial support of the economy of state, its territories, legal entities and individuals in the conditions of military actions on the territory of Ukraine.

ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА У СФЕРІ ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ І СПОРТУ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ ПУБЛІЧНОГО АДМІНІСТРУВАННЯ: ПИТАННЯ СЬОГОДЕННЯ

The article examines the state policy in the field of physical culture and sports as an object of public administration through the prism of tasks and functions, and on this basis the subjects of its implementation with specification in the field of physical culture and sports. It is proved that the structural-functional analysis of the subject-object composition of the system of public administration in the field of physical culture and sports allows to consider in the branching system of subjects of management, double influences of different subjects on the same object, lack of resources subjects of public administration to perform the tasks and functions assigned to them. Forms and methods of public administration of competencies inherent in the subjects of its implementation in the fields of physical culture and sports with the formation of proposals for their development and improvement.

Analisis Strategi Pemasaran dengan Menggunakan Metode Business Model Canvas untuk Meningkatkan Volume Penjualan pada PT Allianz Life Indonesia Cabang Surabaya

The insurance industry is one of the industries with products that are needed by everyone but with a fairly low market penetration, this is due to a lack of financial education. In this study, researchers used PT Allianz Life Indonesia Surabaya Branch as the object of research. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the marketing strategy or business system used by PT Allianz Life Indonesia Surabaya Branch. The research method used is descriptive with a descriptive approach, data collection techniques are interviews and observations related to the existing marketing strategy at PT Allianz Life Indonesia Surabaya branch, the data is analyzed using BMC (Business Model Canvas). The respondents in this study consisted of the Head of Agency Development and the chairman of AAJI for the East Java Region, Business Partners of Allianz, and customers from Allianz who were selected purposively with a total of 5 people. The results show that Allianz's marketing strategy since 2014 has changed to a business system from the previous branch system, agency system and currently using the "business system" which later succeeded in becoming the first pioneer in the history of the insurance industry with this concept. Allianz won various awards and grew a broad business market with considerable man power as evidenced by the significant increase in sales volume which can be seen in the gross written premium in recent years.
 Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Insurance industry, Canvas business model

The Detection of Self-Similar/Branching Processes in Complex Biological Systems: Analysis of the Temporal Evolution of Impedance Measurements in Tulsi (Holy Basil) Leaves "Ocimumtenuiflorum".

In this paper, a theoretical model has been proposed for the first time to illustrate the living Tulsi (Holy Basil) leaf evolution in describing the branching systems in the intermediate range of frequencies. The proposed fitting function following the applied model portrays the whole stages of the temporal evolution of Tulsi (Holy Basil, "Ocimumtenuiflorum") leaf during the six days of impedance measurements with a high degree of accuracy (with fitting error less than 0.1 percent). The developed fitting parameter enables to identify the three stages of temporal evaluation of the Tulsi leaf as "vital leaf activity" (first stage), "quasi-chaotic behaviour" (second stage), and the "dying" (third stage). The theoretical model proposed in this work incorporated a fractal element having complex conjugated power law of exponents and a fractal element with a time lagged branching process. This novel approach introduces an additional degree of freedom over the previously proposed impedance models in terms of its imaginary part of complex conjugated power-law exponent. Further, it increases flexibility and versatility in accurately modeling the behavioral variations of complex branching systems, whose seemingly nondeterministic temporal nature had been considered earlier as counterintuitive and random. The incorporation of branching processes in comprehensively explaining the complex biological systems allows us to gain a deeper insight into the transfer of charge processes in the intermediate range of available frequency scales. Furthermore, the proposed model validates the presence of new fractal elements with a complex conjugated power law of exponents in naturally occurring biological processes. The experimental confirmation can play a key role in explaining a wide class of branching processes in complex systems and enrich the modern theory of fractional calculus.

Rashism as the most degraded stage of fascism

A new apt term rashism appeared in the political vocabulary and scientific literature in 2022 to describe the essence of an authoritarian dictatorship, militant and aggressive, which appeals to the lower instincts of the population of the state, capturing not only its marginal groups but the general public. Scholars around the world are looking for (and fi nding) common features of rashism and classical (Italian) fascism and German Nazism. We believe that by focusing on fi nding common features in fascism, Nazism and rashism, domestic and foreign scholars overlook the diff erences. This allows the Russian side to exploit the gap, pushing the world community to profi table for themselves, and in fact – fake «diff erences» (such as the alleged multiparty system of the Russian political system). The article focuses on the question of how rashism diff ers from fascism and Nazism. We will also examine the alleged multiparty system of the Russian parliamentary branch of government and its attitude to aggression in Ukraine and the annexation of Ukrainian state territories. To solve this issue, a number of general and special scientifi c methods were used, public statements of Russian top offi cials and direct actions of the Russian army in Ukraine were analyzed. In total, at least five distinctive features have been identifi ed. 1. Rashism is multinational and polyreligious fascism. 2. Rashism is ultra-chauvinistic fascism. 3. Rashism is dishonest fascism. 4. Rashism is corrupt mafi a fascism. 5. Rashism is vulgar fascism. On the other hand, rashism cannot deny its fascist nature by referring to alleged multiparty system. As of the beginning of the summer of 2022, all parties represented in the Duma jointly support the aggressive foreign policy of their state and its notorious president. Rashism is the most degraded, vulgarized fascism, which should be placed in the dustbin of history. As for the prospects for further research in this direction, we believe that they should be held mainly in the form of a direct discussion with the apologists of the «Russian world» and their ideological allies in the West. Not only depth of argumentation, but also the rapid response to the facts distortion from the opponents’ side will have a decisive importance. Key words: rashism as a form of fascism, Russian aggression against Ukraine, the ruling party in Russia, religious institutions in Putin’s Russia.

Term Mediation in Modern Scientific Research on Translation

The article is devoted to the definitional analysis of the term mediation in the scientific communication of translation researchers and the rational grounds for introducing a new word into the terminological system of the translation science branch of scientific knowledge. Research methods: information search of modern foreign and domestic scientific studies on the keywords mediation and mediatsiya, definitional and contextual analysis of the specified pair of terms in scientific research on translation in Russian, English and French. The authors raise the issue of a certain confusion in the use of the term to refer to various kinds of intermediary activity. It turns out that in the field of translation, mediation is most often understood as a process of acting as an intermediary and is a type of social interaction between different interlocutors with the help of an interpreter. As a result of the study, it is found that the introduction of the term mediation into scientific communication is determined by the need to designate a special kind of cultural mediation, in which the translator plays a more active role, bringing him closer to the mediator as a intermediary in controversial and conflict situations. The relevance of the use of the term here is connected with the problems of intercultural and sociocultural mediation in migration processes.

Family-based improvement for health literacy among the Yi nationality (FAMILY) in Liangshan: protocol of an open cohort stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial

BackgroundImprovement of health literacy constitutes a cornerstone to improving public health. However, the overall health literacy of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Liangshan Prefecture) in the southwest Sichuan Province of China has kept extremely low for a long time. How to improve health literacy of the Yi nationality residents is key to be urgently solved. Notably, Family Branch System is a distinctive patrilineal bloodline organization of Yi nationality, which plays an important role in the daily life of Yi nationality. Meanwhile, Contracted Family Doctor Services is conducted in Liangshan Prefecture. Therefore, this study proposes an intervention model of health education based on Family Branch System and Contracted Family Doctor Services, which is a Family-based Improvement for Health Literacy among the Yi nationality (FAMILY) in Liangshan, when improving traditional Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework (ICCC) framework.MethodsAn open cohort stepped wedge cluster randomized trial design is used to implement health literacy education interventions including project preparation, core group building, promotion within family branch and competition between family branches while using Contracted Family Doctor Services as control measure. The study will be conducted among Yi nationality residents in Meigu County and Yanyuan County, with health literacy level of residents as the primary outcome. Finally, mixed-effects model and causal inference method will be used to evaluate intervention effect.DiscussionThis study highlights family, using the unique Family Branch System and Contracted Family Doctor Services in Liangshan Prefecture to design intervention among improved ICCC framework, and combines the mixed-effects model with complier average causal effects (CACE) to estimate the intervention effect under non-compliance for the first time. Besides, other key technologies to be adopted include construction of electronic questionnaire quality control system, with quality control based on artificial intelligence. This trial contributes to exploring an effective way to improve health literacy of Yi nationality residents in Liangshan Prefecture, which will provide reference for other areas, especially poor areas, to improve residents’ health literacy.Trial registrationISRCTN11299863 on June 1, 2022; https://www.isrctn.com/.

Variations of Renal Vasculature in Multi Detector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Abdomen

Introduction: Normal vascular supply to each kidney is by a single artery and vein on each side. This normal pattern is not found in all cases. Arterial variations can be accessory renal arteries which can be hilar, upper polar or lower polar and early branching. Venous variations can be late confluence, multiple renal veins and on left there can be retroaortic or circumaortic course of the left renal vein.
 Aims: To evaluate renal vasculature variations in patients who undergo contrast enhanced MultiDetector Computed Tomography of the abdomen.
 Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study done in 290 consecutive patients who underwent contrast enhanced Multi Detector Computed Tomography abdomen in Nepalgunj Medical College. Normal as well as variations in renal vasculature was evaluated.
 Results: Total of 158 (54.48%) cases had normal arterial supply. Out of 132 cases with renal arterial variation, 96 cases (72.7%) were unilateral and early branching was the most common unilateral renal arterial variation (36.4%) followed by upper polar (20.8%), lower polar (20.8%) and hilar (16.6%) arteries. Concurrent upper and lower polar arteries and combined early branching and lower polar arterial system were the most common multiple unilateral renal arterial variation seen in 2.08% cases respectively. 36 (27.27%) cases had bilateral renal arterial variations. Most cases had early branching in bilateral renal arteries seen in 9.09% cases. Venous variations were seen in 11.03%.Late confluence was the most common variation seen in 62.5% cases with variations. Rest were multiple renal veins. Left sided retroaortic and circumaortic course and bilateral renal vein variations were not found in our study.
 Conclusion: Renal vasculature variations were frequently observed in routine contrast enhanced Multi Detector Computed Tomography evaluation of abdomen. Renal arterial variation was more common than venous variations. Unilateral variations were more common than bilateral.

Substantiation of the methodology for studying the level of formation of STEM-competencies in students

The article presents the substantiation of the methodology for studying the level of formation of STEM-competencies in students of basic general secondary education. The authors assume that the study of this problem will help to correct the conditions for the effective implementation of educational tasks of educational institutions.
 The authors noted that natural-mathematical education (STEM-education) is an integral system of natural and mathematical educational branches, the purpose of which is the development of personality through the formation of STEM-competencies, a natural-science picture of the world, based on the practical application of scientific, mathematical, technical and engineering knowledge to solve practical problems
 STEM-competencies are defined as a dynamic system of knowledge, skills and attitudes of the individual, which forms the ability to effectively innovate. The basis for studying the features of the levels of formation of STEM-competencies of students is to determine the content of the studied phenomenon. The components of the formation of STEM-competencies were defined as semantic - knowledge of mathematical competence and competence in the field of natural sciences, engineering and technology, engineering; emotional-motivational - attitude to STEM-competencies; behavioral - practical implementation of STEM skills.
 The study of the levels of formation of structural components of STEM-competencies is proposed to be carried out on a number of indicators, namely: semantic was analyzed for completeness, adequacy, awareness of knowledge of mathematical competence and competence in science, technology and engineering; emotional and motivational - for a positive or negative attitude to the application of mathematical competence and competence in the field of natural sciences, technology, engineering, its stability and effectiveness; behavioral - on the adequacy, stability and independence of the skills of STEM-competencies.
 The study of STEM-competencies formation levels of students will help to correct the conditions for the effective implementation of educational and educational tasks of educational institutions.

Does Slope Aspect Affect the Aboveground Tree Shape and Volume Allometry of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Trees?

In mountainous or hilly areas, the slope aspect affects the amount of solar radiation, with direct consequences on species distribution and tree growth. However, little is known on how the tree shape and volume allometry may be affected by contrasting environmental conditions driven by the slope aspect. This study aims to investigate whether the slope aspect affects the aboveground tree shape and volume allometry of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees. We used the data of scanned trees from two plots located on south- and respectively north-facing slopes and, additionally, an inventory dataset containing measurements of diameter at breast height (D) and tree height (H). To investigate the differences in tree shape, we used analysis of covariance. However, to assess the differences in volume allometry, we first predicted the volume of each individual tree within the inventory dataset using either the south- or the north-facing slope volume model, and then performed a paired t-test on the plot estimates based on the two volume models. Since the uncertainty originating from allometric volume model predictions was likely to affect the results of the paired t-test, we performed a Monte-Carlo simulation to assess the rate of null hypothesis acceptance with the paired t-test. The results showed that trees growing on the north-facing slope were significantly thinner (p < 0.001), with a significantly longer branching system (p < 0.001) compared to those on the south-facing slope. Correspondingly, the volume estimates per unit of forest area based on the south- vs. north-facing slope allometric volume models were significantly different (p < 0.001). The estimates of total aboveground volume per unit of forest area based on the north-facing slope allometric models were significantly larger compared to those based on the south-facing slope volume models, a difference driven by the significantly larger branch and stem volume for the north-facing slope. These differences in estimates per unit of forest area were larger when based on allometric models that only used D as a predictor of aboveground tree volume. The rates of null hypothesis acceptance within the paired t-test were generally low. For total aboveground volume estimated by D and H, the acceptance rate was 1.79%. Nevertheless, only using D to predict tree volume, the rates of null hypothesis acceptance were lower (i.e., 0.1%), suggesting that addition of H as a predictor of tree volume partly explains the differences caused by the slope aspect on volume allometry, but not enough to offset the differences entirely. In conclusion, slope aspect has significantly affected the tree shape and volume allometry of European beech trees.

Динаміка просторового розподілу, рийна діяльність та кормозапасання у сліпака східного (Spalax microphthalmus)

Original data on the burrowing and foraging activities of the greater blind mole rat (Spalax microphthalmus), which is distributed in the east of Ukraine, are generalised. The population density of this species depends directly on the amount of available food resources at the respective sites. The strategy of food storage forms according to the amount and type of available plant resources and depending on the preservation of natural habitat of mole rats. Their appearance in gardens and homesteads is related to anthropogenic changes of the environment at the dwelling sites of mole rats. The seasonal dynamics of their burrowing activity is well pronounced and includes the creation of a branching system of tunnels in the period of active vegetation of plants as well as the relocation or resettlement of animals in various habitats during the year, their lifetime, and population cycle. The length of tunnels, structure of burrows, and the structure of branched underground galleries are regulated by the density and spatial distribution of food resources. Based on the results of our study, specific features of the activity of the greater blind mole rat during various seasons of the years are described, including their active relocation both underground and on the surface, their burrowing at different horizons, the use of a great variety of food and the volumes of their storage for periods when the vegetation of plants ceases. Features of biotopic distribution and food storage of the greater blind mole rat are described in general and in relation to the species’ expansion into anthropogenically transformed parts of its range, including areas nearby to human settlements. The distribution of storage chambers is analysed, of both temporal chambers near the surface and deep-lying chambers, the ratio of which is about 3 : 1. The storage chambers often contain garden vegetables, although it is related not only to the preferences of mole rats, which are obvious too, but also to the fact that information about the storage chambers (especially deep-lying ones) is usually reported by people combating the mole rats for the stolen harvest. The average volume of low-lying chambers is 5–10 kg (1.0–1.5 buckets), whereas the average volume of deep-lying chambers is 20–30 kg. Data on the content of storage chambers revealed both in homesteads and natural or nearly natural sites are generalised.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE AND IMPACT OF TNB ON THE WORLD ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION

At the present stage of development of international economic relations and the world economy in general, a key place is occupied by the process of globalization and transnationalization, which has penetrated into all sectors of the world economy, including banking. With the rapid development of globalization processes, the role of transnational banks, which act as intermediaries in international financial markets and take an active part in almost all areas of international economic relations, is growing.
 The demand for banking operations and the rapid growth of the international capital market give a significant impetus to the expansion of banks outside their home country, creating an extensive branch system in foreign financial markets, combining their links with the banking capital of different countries.
 The research of issues related to the activities of transnational banks in the globalization of the world economy is covered in the scientific works of both domestic and foreign scholars. The value of scientific papers with their theoretical and practical research is quite high, but issues related to the effectiveness of transnational banks and the regulation of TNB in ​​the homecountries and host countries need further consideration.
 The study focuses on the world's largest multinational banks. The subject of the study is the activities of the largest multinational banks, which is accompanied by processes of globalization and transnationalization of the world economy. The aim of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the activities and development of transnational banks, as well as to study their impact on the world economy in the context of globalization and transnationalization.
 The main research methods used in the study were general philosophical, dialectical, logical-semantic, synthesis method, system-structural, sociological, and statistical method. The most important is the general philosophical method, because the study of transnational processes has its roots in depth, which should be explored with the help of philosophical reasoning. The use of the dialectical method of cognition is due to the ability to explore the problems of TNB in ​​the unity of economic, social, moral and legal content. The method of synthesis provides an opportunity to add new definitions to the categorical apparatus.
 The results of the study were based on a study of the positive and negative impact of TNB on both the home country and the recipient country. The practical significance of scientific research and its results is the study of the consequences of the inflow of foreign capital and identify situations in which to curb the activities of multinational banks, and in which, on the contrary, to encourage the location of branches of multinational banks in the country.