Field Of Science Research Articles

Development of Augmented Reality-Based High School Physics Learning Media on Static Electricity Material

Physics is a branch of science that discusses natural phenomena. Physics learning process is expected to facilitate students to observe the phenomenon directly, but not all phenomena can be observed directly. One of them is static electricity subject material. So, learning media is needed that can channel information to students. Teachers can create various learning media with dynamic representations such as Augmented Reality. This study aims to determine the feasibility of Augmented Reality based learning media on static electricity material developed. This research is a type of R & D (Research and Development) research with the 4D model (Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate). The media feasibility test is determined through validation by 4 validators, namely 2 media experts and 2 material experts. The results of the feasibility test in terms of media with indicators of graphics and language got a percentage of 81% with very feasible criteria and in terms of material with content, presentation, and contextual indicators of 83% with very feasible criteria. Thus the development of Augmented Reality-based learning media on static electricity material is very feasible to use in supporting physics learning. Keywords: Learning Media; Augmented Reality; 4D; Feasibility Test.

Specifics of Mental Burnout Manifestation in Rural School Teachers

Introduction. The scientific relevance and social significance of the mental burnout are determined by the maladaptive nature of its manifestations, which have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the professional activity of specialists. At the same time in the scientific field there is a deficit of research revealing the mechanisms of influence of specific conditions of pedagogical activity realization on its efficiency and presenting the consequences of this influence. Objective. To study mental burnout in school teachers working in rural areas. Materials and Methods. The study participants were 184 teachers from schools in the districts of the city of Zabaikalski Krai and Chita. In the process of forming the sample, the questionnaire survey was used, based on the results of which two groups were formed: the first group included 56 teachers from rural schools, and the second group consisted of 58 teachers from city schools. At the stage of empirical research, we used the method of psychodiagnostic testing, which included the method of professional burnout by K. Maslach and S. Jackson in adaptation of N. E. Vodopyanova and V. V. Boyko’s method of diagnosing emotional burnout. The non-parametric criterion of reliability of differences U Mann-Whitney was used in processing the results of the study. Results. It was found that the frequency of occurrence and the degree of severity of mental burnout manifestations are lower in rural school teachers compared to urban school teachers. The dynamics of symptoms in this group is characterized by earlier stages of development and the emerging nature of symptoms, and there is a qualitative peculiarity of the general structure of mental burnout, manifested in the dominance of certain symptoms and the nature of their completeness. Discussion. The analysis of the empirical research results allows us to speak about the peculiarities of mental burnout concerning its frequency of occurrence, degree of expression, and qualitative uniqueness in rural and urban school teachers. The results of the study indicate higher adaptive capabilities of rural school teachers in relation to the development of mental burnout and allow us to outline an effective direction of appropriate preventive work.

Recent advances in the integration of protein mechanics and machine learning

Mechanics underlies protein properties and behavior. From a theoretical standpoint, it is possible to derive these based on physical rules. This is appealing because they provide insights into physiology and disease, as well as aid in protein engineering; however, the convoluted nature of the biological system and current computational speeds limit its feasibility. Machine learning (ML) architectures are known for their ability to make inferences on complex data, such as the relationship between protein mechanics, properties, and behavior. Substantial efforts have been made to learn such correlations in tasks such as the prediction of structure, stability, natural frequency, mechanical strength, folding rate, solubility, and function. Each of these properties is interconnected through protein mechanics, and it is not surprising that the methods used in these tasks overlap highly in model input and architecture. In this review, we evaluate ML methods for the seven aforementioned prediction tasks to identify current trends in ML research in the field of protein sciences, focusing on the input and model architecture of each method. A short overview of de novo protein design is also provided. Finally, we highlight trends in the application of ML methods in the field of protein science, as well as directions for future improvements.

Exploring educational experiences that correlate with self-directed learning in college students seeking to pursue science, technology, engineering, math, and medical (STEMM) fields

Exploring educational experiences that correlate with self-directed learning in college students seeking to pursue science, technology, engineering, math, and medical (STEMM) fields

How is graphene influencing the electronic properties of NiO-TiO2 heterojunction?

Abstract We synthesized a new nanocomposite bearing nitrogen-doped graphene as a carbon additive to the nickel oxide nanoparticles-titanium dioxide nanotubes heterojunction. The main purpose was the comparison of its structural and electronic properties, hence potential applications, with its undoped, reduced graphene oxide homolog. The beneficial effect of graphene on TiO2 heterojunctions is an accepted fact in the materials science field, mainly in favor of the nitrogen-doped one. Our data show that both graphenes have little influence on the band offset values of the NiO-TiO2 heterojunction. Still, the presence of reduced, undoped graphene oxide allows an improved electron transfer process from titania, causing a better charge carriers’ separation. This correlates well with their observed photocatalytic activity under visible light exposure, for the degradation of four emerging contaminant pollutants (amoxicillin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and β-estradiol). In addition, the band alignment of the NiO-TiO2 heterojunction with graphenes, and the corrected thermodynamic potentials of the organic pollutants explain well the observed photocatalytic behavior.

Beyond the shore: nurturing future marine biodiversity citizen scientists through Coastal Marine Science Fieldwork programme

ABSTRACT This study aims to assess the impact of the Coastal Marine Science Fieldwork (CMSF) Program in enhancing students' systematic thinking. To prepare students for their role as future global citizens, it is essential to expose them to socioscientific issues and provide first-hand experiences that reveal the interconnectedness of Earth's systems and human activities. Our research yielded the following insights: (1) Students demonstrated a significant increase in systems thinking, environmental nature of science views, and citizen science literacy after the CMSF program, (2) The program afforded students the opportunity to immerse in scientific investigations in ecological environments, effectively bridging the gap between textbook knowledge and the natural world, and (3) Fieldwork opportunities empowered students to assess their compatibility with scientific research, aiding them in making informed career choices in the field of science. This study holds educational significance for students pursuing majors in marine science or related fields at the higher education level. The integration of fieldwork into the learning process allows students to fortify their perspectives on the nature of science, ultimately promoting a greater number of students to consider science as a profession or actively participate in civic action.

Assessing the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of coconut coir composites with varying iron particle concentrations

This study investigates the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of Coconut Coir-based Porous Carbon (CCPC) composites with varying iron (Fe) particle concentrations, specifically focusing on four different weight ratios of CCPC/Fe-80, CCPC/Fe-60, CCPC/Fe-40, and CCPC/Fe-20. The novelty of this work lies in the use of sustainable coconut coir as a base material, emphasizing its eco-friendly and cost-effective attributes for Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. The significance of varying iron particle concentrations is highlighted to optimize electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on these composites. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of crystalline Fe particles and amorphous carbon, with crystalline sizes determined via Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot, Scherrer Equation, and Strain Size Plot (SSP) ranging from 17.33 nm to 18.01 nm for the former. Raman spectroscopy revealed distinctive D and G bands, with intensity ratios indicating a slight increase in structural disorder with higher Fe content. UV-Visualization spectroscopy demonstrated distinct absorption peaks, with higher Fe content resulting in more pronounced absorbance and lower band gap energies. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses provided detailed insights into the material's microstructure and elemental composition, confirming the successful integration of Fe particles within the porous carbon matrix. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) testing measured the reflection loss (RL), showing values in the range of −26.4 dB to −20.2 dB, for 2 mm thick samples, corresponding to electromagnetic wave attenuation of over 99%. These results underscore the potential of CCPC/Fe composites, particularly in applications requiring effective Electromagnetic (EM) wave attenuation. This research offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution, contributing significantly to the field of materials science by enhancing electromagnetic compatibility in various technological applications.

Polyoxometalate‐Based Single‐Atom Catalyst with Precise Structure and Extremely Exposed Active Site for Efficient H2 Evolution

Single‐atom catalysts with precise structure and extremely high catalytic efficiency remain a fervent focus in the fields of materials chemistry and catalytic science. Herein, a nickel‐substituted polyoxometalate (POM) {NiSb6O4(H2O)3[β‐Ni(hmta)SbW8O31]3}15‐ (NiPOM) with one extremely exposed nickel site [NiO3(H2O)3] was synthesized using the conventional aqueous method. The uniform dispersion of single nickel center with well‐defined structure was facilely achieved by anchoring nanosized NiPOM on graphene oxide (GO). The resulting NiPOM/GO can couple with CdS photoabsorber for the construction of low‐cost and ultra‐efficient hydrogen evolution system. The H2 yield can reach to 2753.27 mmol gPOM‐1 h‐1, which represents a record value among all the POM‐based photocatalytic systems. Remarkablely, an extremely high hydrogen yield of 3647.28 mmol gPOM‐1 h‐1 was achieved with simultaneous photooxidation of commercial waste plastic, representing the first POM‐based photocatalytic system for H2 evolution and waste plastic conversion. This work highlights a straightforward strategy for constructing extremely exposed single‐metal site with precise microenvironment by facilely manipulating nanosized molecular cluster to control individual atom.

Summary of Varieties and Diversities of Nanomaterials Used in Food Safety and Quality

In all fields of life sciences, the trends toward sustainability, enhanced product safety, and high standards of quality are significant. The food industry uses intelligent packaging to meet these needs. These systems can continuously monitor a product's quality status and notify the customer of any changes. Conventional methods can only satisfy the needs of regular laboratory food analysis. Thus, in the cases of major food safety concerns, quick, economical, and time-saving analysis techniques, including portable, on-site, and home testing kits, are desperately needed. Nonetheless, there is a chance that nanoparticles could be harmful to people's health. Nanotechnology, for instance, can be applied to food processing to improve food's overall quality, including taste, flavor, and bioavailability. It can also help products last longer on the shelf. Moreover, nanotechnology is often applied to food packaging to deliver innovative packaging and serve as an antimicrobial agent. It can offer fresh approaches to thwart fraud and serve as a valuable weapon in our toolbox to prevent bioterrorism. As a result, it is advised to set up a sufficient regulatory framework to control any dangers related to applications of nanotechnology. This review addresses the classification and safety issues involved in the application of nanotechnology in food safety and packaging.

Polyoxometalate‐Based Single‐Atom Catalyst with Precise Structure and Extremely Exposed Active Site for Efficient H2 Evolution

Single‐atom catalysts with precise structure and extremely high catalytic efficiency remain a fervent focus in the fields of materials chemistry and catalytic science. Herein, a nickel‐substituted polyoxometalate (POM) {NiSb6O4(H2O)3[β‐Ni(hmta)SbW8O31]3}15‐ (NiPOM) with one extremely exposed nickel site [NiO3(H2O)3] was synthesized using the conventional aqueous method. The uniform dispersion of single nickel center with well‐defined structure was facilely achieved by anchoring nanosized NiPOM on graphene oxide (GO). The resulting NiPOM/GO can couple with CdS photoabsorber for the construction of low‐cost and ultra‐efficient hydrogen evolution system. The H2 yield can reach to 2753.27 mmol gPOM‐1 h‐1, which represents a record value among all the POM‐based photocatalytic systems. Remarkablely, an extremely high hydrogen yield of 3647.28 mmol gPOM‐1 h‐1 was achieved with simultaneous photooxidation of commercial waste plastic, representing the first POM‐based photocatalytic system for H2 evolution and waste plastic conversion. This work highlights a straightforward strategy for constructing extremely exposed single‐metal site with precise microenvironment by facilely manipulating nanosized molecular cluster to control individual atom.

Quantitative characterization of granite failure intensity under dynamic disturbance from energy standpoint

Abstract Quantitative evaluation of rock dynamic disaster intensity is a challenging and difficult task in the field of earth science. In this article, the dynamic compression tests of granite under different impact velocities are carried out, and the energy evolution characteristics of the dynamic failure process of granite are analyzed. The dynamic fracture characteristics of granite were studied by using computed tomography and section scanning equipment. The results show that the energy dissipation and energy accumulation mechanism of granite under dynamic loading are fundamentally changed with the increase of impact disturbance strength, which leads to the transformation of the failure mode from the tension-type sheet crack under low-speed impact to the complex network crack coupled by tension and shear under high-speed impact. At the same time, the greater the impact velocity, the larger the macroscopic crack density, the more uneven the particle distribution on the fracture section, the greater the roughness, and the higher the rock mass fracture degree. In accordance with the results, the energy distribution ratio is proposed to quantitatively characterize the coupling effect of energy dissipation and energy accumulation in the dynamic failure process of granite and to reflect its dynamic failure intensity. The higher the energy distribution ratio, the stronger the energy coupling effect and the more intense the dynamic failure of the rock mass.

Apremilast Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Formulation Optimization using QbD and Comprehensive In vitro-In silico Assessment

Aim: The study aims to develop a 3rd generation amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of Apremilast (APST) employing the Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology, followed by a thorough assessment including in silico pharmacokinetics. Background: APST, classified as a BCS-Class IV molecule due to its low solubility and permea-bility, exhibits highly variable oral bioavailability across different species. Objective: In this study, a 3rd generation ASD of APST was developed using the DoE approach. Methods: The miscibility of APST within polymers was assessed using solubility parameters and Flory Huggin equations. Phase solubility studies were conducted to identify the most suitable polymer-surfactant combination for maximizing drug solubility. The produced solid dispersions were characterized using FTIR, DSC, XRD, DVS, and SEM. Results: The combination of APST and Soluplus® in a 1:5 ratio resulted in the highest improve-ment in solubility and dissolution, with vitamin E TGPS being identified as the most efficient sur-factant. Stability studies were carried out, and findings revealed that the ASD remained stable un-der accelerated conditions for up to 3 months, suggesting its suitability for scaling up for industri-al applications. In silico predictions of the pharmacokinetics of APST following oral administra-tion of solid dispersion formulations were determined by PBBM using GastroPlus™. Conclusion: The simulation of oral absorption profiles for APST showed a significant improve-ment in both Cmax and AUC for the solid dispersion formulations compared to plain drugs. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of pharmaceutical science by addressing the formulation complexities inherent in poorly water-soluble compounds like APST.

Przyroda w perspektywie kulturoznawczej jako obszar badań

Issues related to the environment, its protection, climate change, etc., has been increasingly entering the field of humanities and social sciences. The article examines the theoretical framework for building a research program for cultural studies for environment, a subfield of cultural sciences relating to issues of nature. The context of consideration oscillates around the development of economic-cultural, and cultural-political issues with themes related to nature and its protection. The text indicates that culturally operationalized knowledge of nature can have both research and implementation translations, becoming the basis for building strategies or theoretical foundations for reflection in the fields of conservation practices.

Causal representation learning through higher-level information extraction

The large gap between the generalization level of state-of-the-art machine learning and human learning systems calls for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) models that are truly inspired by human cognition. In tasks related to image analysis, searching for pixel-level regularities has reached a power of information extraction still far from what humans capture with image-based observations. This leads to poor generalization when even small shifts occur at the level of the observations. We explore a perspective on this problem that is directed to learning the generative process with causality-related foundations, using models capable of combining symbolic manipulation, probabilistic reasoning and pattern recognition abilities. We briefly review and explore connections of research from machine learning, cognitive science and related fields of human behavior to support our perspective for the direction to more robust and human-like artificial learning systems.

Introduction: Gender and (Auto)pathography from a Transnational Perspective

‘Medical Humanities’ (MH), the critical enclave of this cluster, is an interdisciplinary area of knowledge which examines human health and illness using the tools and insights of creative arts and humanities. MH endeavors to comprehend the diverse spectrum of physical and mental ailments by drawing from literature and various forms of artistic expression. The boom of MH both in the United States and Europe is manifested by the increase of this field of studies in undergraduate and graduate programs, professional training opportunities, career paths, conferences, and articles in prestigious academic journals, such as Medical Humanities, Intima: A Journal of Narrative Medicine, Journal of Medical Humanities, Literature and Medicine, or Arts and Health, among others. By consulting Scopus (http://www.scopus.com), the preeminent abstract and citation database for peer-reviewed research literature and conducting a search for 'Medical Humanities' spanning from 1970 to 2023, the findings in the 'Documents by Year' section (totaling 21,461 entries) reveal a consistent and steady upward trajectory. Commencing with a solitary document in 1971, the inaugural year recorded, the count surged to 54 in 1980, escalated to 498 in 2010, and surged to 1,581 in 2020, culminating in 2,417 entries by 2023. Furthermore, upon delving into the 'Documents by Subject Area', the analysis indicates that a significant majority of scholarly articles concerning MH originate from authors entrenched in the Health Sciences field (including Medicine, Nursing, Psychology, Neuroscience, Health professionals, Genetics), while only 15.9 percent stem from scholars within the Arts and Humanities domain. Hence, the authors of these articles, all affiliated with a research group located in Spain, envisioned the importance of enriching this field through their humanistic perspective, stemming from their roles as university professors and literature researchers.

Plagiarism and piracy as types of copyright infringement in the creative industries

The article examines the concept of violations in the creative industries. It analyses thetypes of infringements that are most common in Ukraine. The main focus is on the analysis ofthe concepts of plagiarism and piracy in Ukrainian legislation and some EU countries.Accordingly, the Laws of Poland and Germany on Copyright and Related Rights do notcontain a definition of plagiarism. Since there is no legal definition of plagiarism, and the phenomenonof plagiarism is quite widespread, the only option for legislative regulation is judicialpractice. In Germany, for example, the concept of plagiarism as an infringement of copyrightapplies not only to literary works but also to works of other art forms. Therefore, byanalogy, it is concluded that plagiarism as an infringement of copyright and/or related rightsin the creative industries is committed not only in the literary or scientific field, but is alsopossible in other art forms, in particular: music, art, choreography, jewellery and costumejewellery, architecture and advertising.The situation is similar with regard to the definition of piracy. In Poland, piracy is usedmainly as a colloquial term. However, it is one of the most common crimes committed onthe Internet. In the German scientific literature, there are different interpretations of theconcept of piracy. Under the German Copyright and Related Rights Act, an author mayprohibit (revoke) the unauthorised posting of his or her work on the Internet. The SwissFederal Law on Copyright and Related Rights provides for a similar provision.However, the purpose of piracy differs from the purpose of plagiarism. In the case ofpiracy, the infringer seeks to gain material benefit and does not intend to create any identificationbetween him or her and the unlawfully used object (pirated film, computer programor database, etc.). In the case of plagiarism, the opposite is true. The infringer wantsconsumers to identify it with the misused intellectual property.Therefore, it is concluded that there is no single, comprehensive and generally accepteddefinition of plagiarism and piracy. The statutory definition of plagiarism and piracy enshrinedin part 2 of Article 53 of the Law differs significantly from the European approachesconsidered.

Prediction and minimization of blasting flyrock distance, using deep neural networks and gravitational search algorithm, JAYA, and multi-verse optimization algorithms

Flyrock represents a significant and fundamental challenge in surface mine blasting, carrying inherent risks to humans and the environment. Consequently, accurate prediction, minimization, and identification of the factors influencing flyrock distance are imperative for effective control and mitigation of its destructive consequences. Machine learning and artificial intelligence methodologies have emerged as viable means to predict and simulate in different scientific fields. This study employs Deep Neural Network in conjunction with three optimization algorithms including the JAYA Algorithm, Multi-Verse Optimization Algorithm, and Gravitational Search Algorithm to predict blasting flyrock distance. The developed model consists of a combination of seven input parameters, encompassing both blasting design parameters and rock geomechanical properties. The output of the Deep Neural Networks model is the flyrock distance. For the training and testing of the model, a dataset comprising of 245 blasting records, collected from Songun copper mine, Iran, was utilized. The DNN model yielded an R2 value of 0.96 and an MSE value of 34.11. These results demonstrate the high accuracy and predictive capability of the model. Furthermore, the application of three optimization algorithms resulted in similar optimized parameter values, which minimized flyrock distances.

The Impact of Social Marginalisation on Science Engagement and the Extent of Barrier Reduction

This paper examines the impact of social marginalisation, including race, gender, and social class, on science engagement. Socially marginalised groups, such as women, people of colour, and lower socioeconomic classes, face significant barriers in science education and careers due to discrimination, stereotyping, and limited access to science capital. The paper explores how these factors intersect to influence the formation of scientific identity and contribute to underrepresentation in scientific fields. Efforts to reduce these barriers, such as inclusive science communication and stereotype manipulation, are critically evaluated. Although these interventions offer potential solutions, they remain idealistic and face significant challenges. The paper concludes that addressing these barriers requires deep structural and cultural reforms within the scientific community.

Craft Beer in Food Science: A Review and Conceptual Framework

Craft beer represents a dynamic and creative segment within the food and beverage industry, emphasizing quality, aroma, health, sustainability, locality, and tailored brewing techniques. This paper explores the multifaceted roles of craft beer’s production and consumption growth dynamics. Both a bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review were conducted on a sample of 239 scientific papers to provide an in-depth evaluation of the main characteristics and influences that craft beer has in the field of food science. Based on the identified roles of craft beer/breweries in the selected sample of literature, a conceptual framework was constructed to serve as a guideline for policymakers and different stakeholders. In this way, our findings enrich the existing literature and contribute to a better understanding of craft beer production and surroundings, which can be beneficial for promoting sustainable policies and innovative strategies for the growth of small/micro-producers and entrepreneurs in this niche market. Furthermore, this evidence can stimulate clear and ethical information to enhance consumers’ knowledge and agendas to strengthen the identity of local communities.

An empirical investigation of open access scholarly publishing trends in social sciences at high-ranked central universities of India

Purpose This study aims to analyze the adoption of open access (OA) publishing in social sciences within central universities in India, focusing on various aspects such as the growth of OA literature, the use of different OA routes and collaboration patterns in OA publications. Design/methodology/approach Ten central universities were selected based on their rankings in the National Institute Ranking Framework 2022. Data on OA publishing in social sciences were collected from the Social Science Citation Index of the Web of Science (WoS) database using the advanced search query “(CU=India OR AD=India) AND PY=(2003–2022) NOT PY=(2023).” Data analysis was conducted using MS Excel (v16.0), BibExcel (version 2017), Biblioshiny (version 4.1.2) and Google Open Refine (version 3.7). Findings The study found that 30.40% of total publications were OA, with BHU as leading institute in OA publishing. OA publishing in social sciences saw a consistent increase, peaking in 2022 with 209 publications. “Sustainability” and “Plos One” were among the top ten journals, with 103 and 34 OA papers, respectively. OA publications had a higher mean citation rate than closed access publications. Collaboration with seven and nine authors had higher mean citation rates, while six-author collaborations were lower. Indian researchers received the most citations collaborating with the USA, UK and Australia. The Netherlands and Saudi Arabia received the fewer citations, when collaborating with Indian authors. Research limitations/implications The study’s main limitation is its reliance on WoS data, excluding many OA publications from smaller or specialized journals. Additionally, the focus on high-ranked central universities may not represent the entire academic landscape, as OA publishing patterns vary across other institutions and disciplines. Practical implications The study’s findings suggest that advancing OA publishing in social sciences at Indian universities requires raising awareness of OA concepts, enhancing institutional support and policies and informing researchers about funding opportunities. Emphasizing Gold OA and funding publication fees can broaden access to research. Universities with low OA ratios should adopt similar policies, mandate public research deposits and develop technical infrastructure. Encouraging multi-author collaborations can boost research impact and citation rates. Insights from the study can help institutions and policymakers shape effective OA strategies, enhancing the visibility and impact of social science research. Originality/value This is the first study analyzing the adoption of OA in the field of social sciences in high-ranked central universities in India. It has implications for promoting OA and increasing accessibility to research outputs. Universities with higher OA ratios can lead in this regard and encourage others to adopt similar practices for overall OA growth.