Brake Failure Research Articles

Analysis of Elevator Brake Failure Reason and Inspection Countermeasure

Analysis of Elevator Brake Failure Reason and Inspection Countermeasure

Thermomechanical Coupling Simulation and Analysis of Wet Multi-Disc Brakes During Emergency Braking

The main reason for the thermal failure of wet multi-disc brakes during emergency braking is thermoelastic instability due to thermomechanical coupling. To analyse the phenomena, a three-dimensional finite element model of a wet multi-disc brake friction pair is built and numerical simulation is carried out with thermal-structural coupling method, based on ANSYS software. The contact pressure distribution, temperature and stress field during emergency braking are obtained. The results show that high temperature is located at the outer diameter of friction linings during emergency braking, large temperature gradient and stress gradient are generated at edges of radial grooves, which lead to the friction disc warp. Through simulation and analysis, this paper can provide a basis for engineering application and design research of wet multi-disc brakes.

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Brake Failure Indication

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Brake Failure Indication

Optimization of temperature measurement on the bus drum brake as a basis for developing brake fault signals

Brake failure is always possible due to several factors that are difficult to control, such as a slight leak in the brake hose due to an impact or a rat bite. In the latest research, the development of a brake performance detection tool has been started, but how to detect a brake temperature more efficiently on the brakes of large vehicles has not been specified. Given the significant impact of losses due to brake failure and accidents that are still occurring, this research plays an important role. It must be completed immediately so that accident cases can be reduced. The object of this research is where the position of the maximum brake temperature occurs? How to measure brake temperature is more practical? What sensor is optimal in detecting a brake temperature? The research method is carried out in a systematic stage that ends with an experimental method. This study indicates that the maximum temperature is relative to the entire friction area between the canvas and the drum brake. The most efficient sensor placement is in the hole in the drum brake cover so that installation is more practical and the brakes are not disturbed by the sensor’s presence. The optimal sensor is a thermocouple sensor because it is more stable to vibrations and more resistant to mud disturbances than infrared sensors. When using a thermocouple sensor, the temperature detection results must be corrected. The correction factor can be made with the equation y=10.3670+1.3205x–0.0003x2, where y is the actual temperature displayed, and x is the input temperature from the thermocouple sensor’s initial detection. Accurate brake temperature detection results will be developed as a signal for detecting brake faults in real-time to avoid brake failure. Finally, the safety of public transportation can be improved

Automotive Brake Part Inspection and Fault Localization using Deep Learning

Inspection of brake components is very essential to detect the damaged manufactured parts before it is assembled in any vehicle. Manual inspection of brakes is extremely difficult since most of defects are very minute and cannot be identified by human eyes. Therefore, automatic inspection of manufactured brakes is indispensible to prevent failure of brakes and accidents. Previously, various research articles perform inspection of brake through conventional image processing and traditional image processing algorithms. However, these techniques are capable of identifying a single fault only and are less robust to detecting numerous faults. Further, the existing techniques hardly localize the exact location of faults in the surface of brake. In order to over these drawbacks, in this research we utilize deep learning object detection algorithms namely Single Shot Detector and Faster RCNN to identify and localize the exact location of fault on the brake surface. Furthermore, the proposed system is capable to detect different types of faults in a single algorithm and is robust to brake’s material surface, environmental and lightening factors. The deep learning algorithms are trained using transfer learning on custom collected dataset. The proposed algorithms deliver an accuracy of 95.64% and mAP of 73.2% on cylindrical grey shade brakes.

Research on Length Design and Dynamic Usage Strategy of Railway Successive Routes

As a measure to ensure the safety of trains in Chinese Railways, the successive route can prevent accidents such as exceeding the planned parking point and rear-ending the train in the front during the process of entering the station. However, there is no quantitative description in Chinese technical documents, only a general provision. That is, if there are potential safety hazards in the process of receiving, the train should be guided to the successive route. This description does not consider the cause or the scene of the braking failure in detail, so the successive route does not play its due preventive role in practical application. In this research, by establishing a model of train brake failure conditions, the relationship between the length of the successive route and the speed of the train at the entrance of the station was analyzed in many ways, and the theoretical basis for the design of the successive route was supplemented. This research provides designers with a quantitative design basis and the dynamic using strategy of the successive route, and provides the theoretical basis for the station to arrange the emergency plan.

Automatic Control of Pneumatic Networks of Railway Train

Automatic brakes of rolling stock are the main means of ensuring the safety of railway trains. Failure of motor brakes or loss of braking efficiency can lead to a serious accident or train crash, so monitoring the technical condition of rolling stock braking equipment is particularly important. The current method of checking the density of the braking network does not meet the requirements of traffic safety. The article considers the method developed by the authors to automatically control the integrity and density of the braking network of the railway train, the use of which will prevent cases of departure of the train to the crossing with closed end cranes. Proposed method of comparing compressed air from pneumatic network of one car with flow rate standard. The block diagram of the device for control of the train braking network, operating in automatic mode and completely frees the locomotive crew from preparation and calculation operations related to maintenance of pneumatic networks of the railway train, is presented. In addition, a new method of determining the number of sets connected to the brake line of a railway train is described.

Road Traffic Accident Analysis and Identification of Black Spot Locations on Highway

Road safety is the main problem in developing countries. Every year, millions of people die in road traffic accidents, resulting in huge losses of humankind and the economy. This study focuses on the road traffic accident analysis and identification of black spots on the Lahore-Islamabad Highway M-2. Official data of road traffic accidents were collected from National Highway and Highway Police (NH & MP) Pakistan. The data was digitized on MS Excel and Origin Pro. The accident Point weightage (APW) method was employed to identify the black spots and rank of the top ten black spots. The analysis shows that the trend of road traffic accidents on M-2 was characterized by a high rate of fatal accidents of 35.3%. Human errors account for 66.8% as the major contributing factors in road traffic accidents, while vehicle errors (25.6%) and environmental factors (7.6%) were secondary and tertiary contributing factors. The main causes of road traffic accidents were the dozing on the wheel (27.9%), the careless driving (24.6%), tyre burst (11.7%), and the brakes failure (7.4%). Kallar Kahar (Salt Range) was identified as a black spot (223 km, 224 km, 225 km, 229 km, and 234 km) due to vehicle brake failure. The human error was a major contributory factor in road traffic accidents, therefore public awareness campaign on road safety is inevitable and use of the dozen alarm to overcome dozing on the wheel. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091629 Full Text: PDF

Anomaly Detection and Severity Prediction of Air Leakage in Train Braking Pipes

Air leakage in braking pipes is a commonly encountered mechanical defect on trains. A severe air leakage will lead to braking issues and therefore decrease the reliability and cause train delays or stranding. However, air leakage is difficult to be detected via visual inspection and therefore most air leakage defects are run to fail. In this research we present a framework that not only can detect air leakages but also predicts the severity of air leakages so that action plans can be determined based on the severity level. The proposed contextual anomaly detection method detects air leakages based on the on/off logs of a compressor. Air leakage causes failure in the context when the compressor idle time is short than the compressor run time, that is, the speed of air consumption is faster than air generation. In our method the logistic regression classifier is adopted to model two different classes of compressor behavior for each train separately. The logistic regression classifier defines the boundary separating the two classes under normal situations and models the distribution of the compressor idle time and run time separately using logistic functions. The air leakage anomaly is further detected in the context that when a compressor idle time is erroneously classified as a compressor run time. To distinguish anomalies from outliers and detect anomalies based on the severity degree, a density-based clustering method with a dynamic density threshold is developed for anomaly detection. The results have demonstrated that most air leakages can be detected one to four weeks before the braking failure and therefore can be prevented in time. Most importantly, the contextual anomaly detection method can pre-filter anomaly candidates and therefore avoid generating false alarms. To facilitate the decisionmaking process, the logistic function built on the compressor run time is further used together with the duration of an air leakage to model the severity of the air leakage. By building the prediction model on the severity, the remaining useful life of the air braking pipe until it reaches a certain level of severity can be estimated.

Smart Brake Monitoring System with Brake Failure Indication for Automobile Vehicles

These days mishaps may happen because of different reasons; the principal reason is brake disappointment and is caused because of poor upkeep just as item deformity. So as to safe watchman the important human life from these mishaps; there is a requirement for observing of slowing mechanism in cars. Vehicle security is the evasion of car crashes or the minimization of hurtful impacts of mishaps, specifically, identified with human life and wellbeing. Uncommon wellbeing highlights have been incorporated with vehicles inhabitants just, and some for the security of others. In this present research work a brake disappointment pointer circuit that continually screens the state of the brake and gives a broad media sign to rider has been created. Flex sensor is utilized in this proposed framework to change over power connected at the uncommon wheel in to voltage corresponding to the power connected at the break cushion. Mishap is a lamentable occurrence that happens out of the blue and ordinarily bringing about harm or damage. Mishap controller utilizing ARDUINO UNO is a technique which use flex sensors to send sign to marker that serves to 0prevent odds of mishap. The proposed framework incorporates two sorts of driving modes, programmed and manual. In programmed mode, sensors will be dynamic, contingent upon which sensor has detected the snags it will play out the relating assignment of going ahead, decreasing velocity and applying brakes. In manual mode, sensors will be inactive, steering and braking system will be under the control of driver.

Experimental analysis in the test rig to detect temperature at the surface disc brake rotor using rubbing thermocouple

Brake failure is one of the causes of fatal accidents because the vehicle cannot be controlled properly. Therefore, research on improving brake safety needs to be assessed immediately. Brake temperature is used as an indicator of brake performance. If the temperature signal reads is different from the normal brake signal then it becomes an indication of a brake fault. How to measure the temperature of the rotating brake rotors and what sensors allow it to be used in real vehicles is the main question in this study. In this paper, there are two types of sensors that allow detecting brake temperature, namely rubbing thermocouple and a thermocouple sensor inserted in a pad with holes. The rubbing thermocouple sensor is expected to produce a higher heat because there is a friction effect between the rubbing steel and the rotor disc, whereas the sensor in the pad hole will show the real value. However, in the use of an actual vehicle, measuring the temperature by punching holes is not recommended because it can cause potential damage to the pad itself. When an infrared sensor is used, the installation is easier but this is not suitable because dirty conditions such as dust or sticky mud on the sensor surface will hinder the sensor reading. So the use of a rubbing thermocouple will be better in real vehicles. Therefore, the measurement of temperature by rubbing thermocouple must be made a correction factor that refers to the actual temperature. From the tests conducted, the results of measurements with rubbing thermocouple (T 4 ) can be converted to the equation T=–0,0058T 4 2 +2,7668T 4 –81,257. So how to make this equation can be proposed for the development of a safety warning system related to brake performance detection devices

Contributing Factors to Road Accidents in Ghana

Road accidents in Ghana are taking out the lives of innocent Ghanaians. The causes of this calamity are always different from one point of view to another. This research has been executed to provide expedient information on contributing factors to road accidents in Ghana. The research has made use of predecessors’ works on the causes of road accidents and their effects. Moreover, the study utilised a mixed/integrated approach to research mainly to produce unbiased information. A good collection of data was done through in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Furthermore, convenience and simple random sampling techniques were used. Genuinely, both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyse the gathered information. The study engaged two hundred (200) respondents as a sample size that is 100 road safety stakeholders and 100 road users. Moreover, the major contributing factors to road accidents were identified as follows; poor nature of roads, carelessness of road users, faulty vehicles, stress, unskilled drivers, inadequate road signs, inefficient MTTU personnel, speeding, lack of education, drunkenness, and gross indiscipline. Other findings were; Drivers: rash driving, violation of rules, failure to understand signs, fatigue. Pedestrian: carelessness, illiteracy, crossing at wrong places moving on the carriageway, Jaywalkers. Passengers: Projecting their body outside the vehicle, by talking to drivers. Vehicles: failure of brakes or steering, tyre burst, insufficient headlights, overloading, projecting loads. Road conditions: potholes, damaged road, eroded road merging of rural roads with highways. Weather conditions: Fog, snow, heavy rainfall, wind storms, hail storms. Based on the findings, recommendations were stipulated under the following headings; Education, Provision of road signs, Enforcement of traffic and road safety regulations, Avoidance of attitudes/distractions leading to road accidents, Availability of logistics, Construction of good roads, Maintenance of roads and vehicles and Positive development.

브레이크 고장데이터 분석을 통한 가속인자 및 가속계수 결정에 관한 연구

브레이크 고장데이터 분석을 통한 가속인자 및 가속계수 결정에 관한 연구

Brake Failure Detection and Emergency Braking System

Now a days accidents might occur because of varied reasons, the foremost reason is equipment failure and is happened due to improper maintenance of the products. To prevent these abnormal situations and to protect one’s life from these accidents, there's a neccessity for watching of braking system in cars.vehicle safety is a special term means safeguarding the automobiles or reducing the hazardous effects caused by them, specially associated with human life and health. Special safety options are engineered into vehicles occupants solely, and a few for the security of others.the method used in this work is timer operation to check the condition of brake wire periodically.This paper deals with making a circuit model, which checks the condition of brake wire in any automobile.alerts the driver by sending a audio or visual signal.Then activates the braking system which acts as a emergency breaking as to avoid accidents.

Wear Induced Failure of Automotive Disc Brakes-A Case Study.

This paper investigated a failure in a ventilated disc brake in an automobile. The failed brake disc had been in service for approximately 10 years. The observed failure was in the form of radial cracks that appeared to have initiated at the outer edge of the disc brake. The cracks were rather straight with no branching. Optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study the microstructure of the failed disc. Vickers microhardness test was also used to evaluate the hardness of the samples. Results showed that the root cause of crack formation, in this case, was related to the excessive wear in the brake disc. Different wear mechanisms, namely abrasive and adhesive wear, were recognized in the failed specimen. Moreover, the worn surface in some areas was covered with fine oxide particles. These particles appeared to have a significant contribution toward abrasion. To further understand the wear mechanisms, pin-on-disc experiments were also conducted on the samples. Results of the pin-on-disc experiments were compared and correlated to the results obtained from the failed brake disc.

Analisis Pengaruh Besar Gesekan Terhadap Tegangan Thermal Pada Sepatu Rem Mobil Ketebalan 2 mm Menggunakan Perangkat Lunak Msc.Nastran V.9

Braking failure better known as brake failure is caused by many factors, but one factor is due to excess heat that occurs in optimal braking conditions when the vehicle is driving at high speed and sufficient distance. The purpose of this research is to obtain the result of thermal stress simulation during braking, in special area of brake shoe with 8 mm thickness. However, it is unlikely that brake shoe is analyzed manually because brake shoes have many vertices, even up to thousands of vertices. So we need the software support finite element finishing method of MSC. NASTRAN V9 to simulate the distribution of temperature distribution on brake shoe for easy analysis. Thermal voltage that occurs in brake boots with a thickness of 2 mm in this study that brake shoe design model 2 has a maximum thermal voltage of 4.5701 Mpa and 2.5295 Mpa Minimum lower than the brake shoes model 1 maximum thermal voltage of 4.5585 Mpa and 2,5225 Mpa Minimum. With a maximum test difference of 0.25% and a minimum of 0.27%.

Brake failure detection and electronic auxiliary braking system

Brakes are the integral part of a vehicle, which are used to reduce the speed of the car. Brake failure is one of the major problems, which lead to several accidents. Brake failure occurs due to brake lining fails, which leads to pressure loss. This mainly occurs in pneumatic brakes, which are used in most of the vehicles. The aim of our paper is to diagnose the faulty braking system and to enable the functioning of auxiliary braking or secondary brake system during brake failure. When the primary pneumatic brake fails the pressure sensor detects the brake failure and gives warning signal to the driver and also enables the auxiliary brake, which can be controlled by the driver manually through a manual control board. This braking system ensures the safety of the driver as well as the passengers without causing any damage to the vehicle.

Research on a Brake Temperature Model of Heavy-Duty Trucks Braking on Long Downhill

AbstractIn the downhill braking process, the high temperature of the service brake of heavy-duty trucks can lead to braking failure. To solve this problem, a brake heating model for heavy-duty truc...

Разработка принципов повышения устойчивости автопоездов при экстренном торможении на прямолинейном участке и отказе тормозной системы прицепного звена

Разработка принципов повышения устойчивости автопоездов при экстренном торможении на прямолинейном участке и отказе тормозной системы прицепного звена

Разработка принципов повышения устойчивости автопоездов при экстренном торможении в повороте и аварийном отказе тормозной системы прицепных звеньев

Разработка принципов повышения устойчивости автопоездов при экстренном торможении в повороте и аварийном отказе тормозной системы прицепных звеньев