Brachymystax Lenok Tsinlingensis Research Articles

High-Temperature-Induced Differential Expression of miRNA Mediates Liver Inflammatory Response in Tsinling Lenok Trout (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis).

High-temperature stress poses a significant environmental challenge for aquatic organisms, including tsinling lenok trout (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis). This study aimed to investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in inducing liver inflammation in tsinling lenok trout under high-temperature stress. Tsinling lenok trout were exposed to high-temperature conditions (24 °C) for 8 h, and liver samples were collected for analysis. Through small RNA sequencing, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in the liver of high-temperature-stressed tsinling lenok trout compared to the control group (maintained at 16 °C). Several miRNAs, including novel-m0105-5p and miR-8159-x, showed significant changes in expression levels. Additionally, we conducted bioinformatics analysis to explore the potential target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs. Our findings revealed that these miRNA target genes are involved in inflammatory response pathways, such as NFKB1 and MAP3K5. The downregulation of novel-m0105-5p and miR-8159-x in the liver of high-temperature-stressed tsinling lenok trout suggests their role in regulating liver inflammatory responses. To validate this, we performed a dual-luciferase reporter assay to confirm the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and target genes. Our results demonstrated that novel-m0105-5p and miR-8159-x enhance the inflammatory response of hepatocytes by promoting the expression of NFKB1 and MAP3K5, respectively. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that high-temperature stress induces liver inflammation in tsinling lenok trout through dysregulation of miRNAs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response in tsinling lenok trout under high-temperature stress is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of environmental stressors on fish health and aquaculture production.

High temperature stress induced oxidative stress, gut inflammation and disordered metabolome and microbiome in tsinling lenok trout

Tsinling lenok trout (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li) is a species of cold-water salmon that faces serious challenges due to global warming. High temperature stress has been found to damage the gut integrity of cold-water fish, impacting their growth and immunity. However, limited research exists on the causal relationship between gut microbial disturbance and metabolic dysfunction in cold-water fish induced by high temperature stress. To address this gap, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of high temperature stress (24 °C) on the gut tissue structure, antioxidant capacity, gut microorganisms, and metabolome reactions of tsinling lenok trout. Our analysis using 16 S rDNA gene sequencing revealed significant changes in the gut microbial composition and metabolic profile. Specifically, the abundance of Firmicutes and Gemmatimonadetes decreased significantly with increasing temperature, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased significantly. Metabolic analysis revealed a significant decrease in the abundance of glutathione, which is synthesized from glutamate and glycine, under high temperature stress. Additionally, there was a notable reduction in the levels of adenosine, inosine, xanthine, guanosine, and deoxyguanosine, which are essential for DNA/RNA synthesis. Conversely, there was a significant increase in the abundance of D-glucose 6 P. Furthermore, high temperature stress adversely affects intestinal structure and barrier function. Our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanism of high temperature stress in cold-water fish and serve as a foundation for future research aimed at mitigating the decline in production performance caused by such stress.

FoxO signaling and mitochondria-related apoptosis pathways mediate tsinling lenok trout (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis) liver injury under high temperature stress

Tsinling lenok trout (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis) is a typical cold water fish. High temperature has been shown to damage the liver of fish. However, few studies have investigated the liver apoptosis induced by high temperature stress in fish from the perspective of gene expression and metabolic function. Therefore, we investigated the changes caused by high temperature stress (24 °C) on the liver tissue structure, antioxidant capacity, liver gene expression, and the metabolome of tsinling lenok trout. The transcriptomic results showed that genes associated with apoptosis, such as CASP8, CASP3, PERK, Bcl-6 and TRAIL, were upregulated under high temperature stress. Metabolomic analysis showed that the metabolic pathway of nucleotide synthesis was significantly downregulated, while that of oxygen radical synthesis was significantly upregulated. Integrated analysis showed that after high temperature stress, immune-related signaling pathways in trout were activated and their apoptosis level increased, which might be related to hepatopancreas injury. In addition, abnormalities in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial function were observed, suggesting that functional hypoxia caused by high temperature might be involved fish cell apoptosis. These results provide new insights into the process of cell apoptosis in fish under high temperature stress.

Disturbance of oxidation/antioxidant status and histopathological damage in tsinling lenok trout under acute thermal stress.

The tsinling lenok trout (Brachymystax Lenok tsinlingensis) is a typical land-locked cold salmon. In this study, through the acute high temperature stress (16, 24, and 26°C), samples were taken at multiple temperature points to analyze the dynamic changes of serum non-specific immune indexes and histopathological changes of tissues of tsinling lenok trout. The histopathological investigation of different studied tissues revealed an increase of histological lesions' frequency and severity with increasing water temperature. The activity of T-SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, ACP, and LZM and MDA concentration are all impacted by high temperature stress. The activities of T-SOD, GSH-Px, and ACP are significantly lower in temperatures higher than 16°C (P<0.05). However, with the increase of water temperature, MDA content increased significantly. The activities of CAT and LZM were the highest at 24°C, which were significantly higher than those at 26°C (P<0.05). The above results indicate that 24°C is a "critical high temperature point" for tsinling lenok trout under heat stress, and this temperature point may be the critical point for tsinling lenok trout to enter "damaged" from adaptive adjustment. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for the development of genetic breeding, improvement, and control measures of heat stress in tsinling lenok trout in the future.

오대산국립공원 어류군집의 복원 모니터링

This research was conducted three times at 17 sites from May to October 2021 to determine the degree of restoration of the fish community. A total 4,624 of individuals were collected into 19 species belonging to 9 families. As a result of clustering of each site, the fish species of the Amur river stream system(Youngdong region) and the Yellow river stream system(Youngseo region) were grouped into a mixed group, indicating that the fish community was very disturbed. Especially, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis was regionally extinct in the past. But it regained its reputation in the past by habitat expanded from 14%(2004) to 86%(2021). Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis is keystone species in the upper stream. Therefore it is expected to play an important role in the restoration of the upper stream fish community. &#x0D;

The relationship between the population characteristics and physical habitat of Manchurian trout (&lt;i&gt;Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis&lt;/i&gt;) in the Geybangcheon stream

The relationship between the population characteristics and physical habitat of Manchurian trout (&lt;i&gt;Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis&lt;/i&gt;) in the Geybangcheon stream

Transcriptomic responses to heat stress in gill and liver of endangered Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis

Global warming significantly affects fish, particularly cold-water fish, because increased temperature adversely impacts their abilities to grow or reproduce, and eventually influences their fitness or even causes death. To survive, fish may alter their distribution or behavior to avoid the stress, and perhaps acclimate or evolve resistance to the elevated temperature. Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis is an endangered cold-water species in China, and it has been found to alter the altitudinal distribution, decrease swimming efficiency and develop resistance under heat exposure, which badly impact the continuing conservation work. To better protect them, it is essential to understand how they respond to thermal stress behaviorally and physiologically. Therefore, the fish were exposed to 24.5 °C and based on the time taken for them to lose equilibrium, they were separately sampled as sensitive and tolerant groups. Both gill and liver tissues were collected from both groups for transcriptome sequencing. Sequencing results demonstrated that control and tolerant groups were similar in transcriptomic patterns and sensitive groups differentially expressed more genes than tolerant ones, suggesting the gene expression of tolerant groups may return to base levels as exposure time increased. Tissue differences were the major factor affecting gene expression, and they also displayed different physiological responses to heat stress. Consistent with other studies, heat shock response, immune response, metabolic adjustment and ion transport were found to be triggered after exposed to elevated temperature. The findings would contribute to a better understanding of responding mechanisms of fish to thermal stress and provide guidance for future conservation programs.

Acute warming in winter eliminates chemical alarm responses in threatened Qinling lenok Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis

Knowledge of how temperature influences animal behavior is critical to understanding and predicting impacts of changing climate on individual species and biotic interactions. However, the effects of climate change, especially winter warming in freshwater systems, on fish behaviors and the use of chemical information have been largely unexplored. Qinling lenok Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, an endangered salmonid species endemic to the Qinling Mountain Range, China, is currently experiencing population decline and is a potential biological indicator of warming winter climate effects on freshwater fishes due to its temperature sensitivity and required habitat of small, cold-water streams. Our objective was to determine if transient winter warming (increases of ~4 °C) consistent with seasonal maxima in line with near-future climate projections will affect antipredator responses to damage-released chemical alarm cues in B. lenok tsinlingensis. Wild fish were collected during winter and held in captivity under food deprivation for four days, during which half were acclimated to a warmer temperature (6 °C) while the other half were maintained at ambient levels (2 °C). Individual acclimated fish were then exposed to injections of either conspecific alarm cues to simulate elevated predation risk or stream water as a control treatment. Focal fish demonstrated responses consistent with antipredator behaviors to alarm cues at ambient temperature, but no significant behavioral responses to alarm cues were found relative to controls at the warmer temperature. These results support our hypothesis that winter warming will negatively influence antipredator responses and indicate that projected warmer temperature patterns in winter may have significant impacts on chemically mediated predator-prey interactions in cold-water streams.

De novo assembly and microsatellite marker development of the transcriptome of the endangered Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis

Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis is an endemic freshwater fish in Northeast Asia, but experienced a dramatic population decline due to over-exploitation, deteriorated habitats and global climate change. It has been listed as a threatened or endangered species in South Korea and China, respectively. However, the conservation and restoration work in wild B. lenok tsinlingensis populations require large amount of genetic and molecular data to support effective management of genetic resources, while the corresponding information is very limited. This study was conducted to generate transcriptome assembly and annotation, as well as to develop novel microsatellite markers for B. lenok tsinlingensis. We collected gill and liver tissues and performed transcriptome sequencing. Then the first transcriptome for B. lenok tsinlingensis was de novo assembled and annotated. Microsatellite markers were searched in the assembled transcripts and characterized within ninety individuals collected from three natural sites. A total of 110,712 protein-coding transcripts were assembled, of which 82,861 transcripts were successfully annotated. This assembly displayed a high level of completeness with retrieving 94% of the single-copy orthologs conserved across vertebrate species. Furthermore, 75,891 microsatellite loci were identified from this transcriptome assembly and 20 polymorphic markers were randomly selected for characterization. The microsatellite markers and the first transcriptome assembly would provide valuable resources for investigating genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of wild populations and molecular mechanisms responding to stressful environments (e.g. increased water temperature) to guide future conservation studies and breeding programs.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis using mitochondrial DNA sequences

Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis is an endangered freshwater fish which is endemic to part of China. To investigate its genetic diversity and population structure, mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and D-loop control region were used to analyze samples from five different locations. Fifteen haplotypes were identified; however, no shared haplotypes were observed among different streams. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results indicated that 77.38% of total variation was attributed to differentiation between populations, whereas 22.62% from variation within populations. The high genetic differentiation among the populations would provide useful information for building natural reserves and artificially releasing cultured juveniles in the future.

Assignment of parentage by microsatellite analysis in the endangered Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (Salmonidae)

AB Aquatic Biology Contact the journal Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections AB 26:69-73 (2017) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00675 Assignment of parentage by microsatellite analysis in the endangered Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (Salmonidae) Jian Shao1,2,3, Wei Luo4, Qiwei Wei1,2,*, Feng Wang5, Wei Guo2, Huan Ye2, Zhipeng Chu2, Jinming Wu2, Shuhuan Zhang2 1College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China 2Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, PR China 3College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, GuiYang 550025, PR China 4South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China 5Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xi’an 710086, PR China *Corresponding author: weiqw@yfi.ac.cn ABSTRACT: We evaluated the use of microsatellite markers to identify parentage in Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li, 1966, an endangered salmonid. Computer simulations showed that when no parent information was available, or when information was only available from 1 parent, then exclusion probabilities ranged from 23.6 to 45.1% and from 25.9 to 52.4%, respectively; combined exclusion probabilities for the 8 loci investigated were 97.7 and 98.4%, respectively. However, a breeding experiment with known parental and filial information resulted in 91.28% of progeny being exclusively assigned to their correct parent pair. Our data demonstrate that microsatellite-based parentage assignment is a reliable means with which to obtain information pertaining to genealogical relationships and could therefore benefit genetic conservation of this species. KEY WORDS: Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis · Microsatellites · Parentage assignment · Inbreeding depression Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Shao J, Luo W, Wei Q, Wang F and others (2017) Assignment of parentage by microsatellite analysis in the endangered Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (Salmonidae). Aquat Biol 26:69-73. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00675 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AB Vol. 26. Online publication date: June 19, 2017 Print ISSN: 1864-7782; Online ISSN: 1864-7790 Copyright © 2017 Inter-Research.

Genetic diversity and genetic structure of the endangered Manchurian trout, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, at its southern range margin: conservation implications for future restoration

The Manchurian trout, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (family: Salmonidae), is a cold freshwater fish endemic to Northeast Asia. South Korean populations of this species, which comprise its southern range limit, have recently decreased markedly in size and are now becoming critically endangered. We assessed the current population status of this species in South Korea by estimating the levels of genetic diversity and genetic structure of five natural and four restored populations using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences and eight nuclear microsatellite loci. Levels of within-population genetic diversity were low, suggesting that past effective population sizes (N e) have been small. Each population had one or a maximum of two mtDNA haplotypes. Microsatellite allelic richness (AR) was significantly higher for natural populations (mean AR = 3.51; 95% confidence interval, 3.00–4.03) than for restored populations (mean AR = 2.61; 2.38–2.98). South Korean populations were significantly genetically isolated from one another, with private mtDNA haplotypes and microsatellite alleles, suggesting that limited gene flow has been occurring among populations. A mtDNA phylogeny revealed that South Korean lineages were more closely related to those of China than to those of North Korea and Russia. Overall, we suggest that future restoration efforts aimed at South Korean populations should consider the genetic characteristics reported here, which should help to fulfil effective conservation strategies for this highly cherished species. Our results will inform other conservation efforts, including assisted migration of freshwater fish populations at the equatorial end of the geographical range limit of the species.

Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of the Cherskii's Sculpin Cottus czerskii and Siberian Taimen Hucho taimen Reveal GenBank Entry Errors: Incorrect Species Identification and Recombinant Mitochondrial Genome.

The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome is sequenced in 2 individuals of the Cherskii’s sculpin Cottus czerskii. A surprisingly high level of sequence divergence (10.3%) has been detected between the 2 genomes of C czerskii studied here and the GenBank mt genome of C czerskii (KJ956027). At the same time, a surprisingly low level of divergence (1.4%) has been detected between the GenBank C czerskii (KJ956027) and the Amur sculpin Cottus szanaga (KX762049, KX762050). We argue that the observed discrepancies are due to incorrect taxonomic identification so that the GenBank accession number KJ956027 represents actually the mt genome of C szanaga erroneously identified as C czerskii. Our results are of consequence concerning the GenBank database quality, highlighting the potential negative consequences of entry errors, which once they are introduced tend to be propagated among databases and subsequent publications. We illustrate the premise with the data on recombinant mt genome of the Siberian taimen Hucho taimen (NCBI Reference Sequence Database NC_016426.1; GenBank accession number HQ897271.1), bearing 2 introgressed fragments (≈0.9 kb [kilobase]) from 2 lenok subspecies, Brachymystax lenok and Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, submitted to GenBank on June 12, 2011. Since the time of submission, the H taimen recombinant mt genome leading to incorrect phylogenetic inferences was propagated in multiple subsequent publications despite the fact that nonrecombinant H taimen genomes were also available (submitted to GenBank on August 2, 2014; KJ711549, KJ711550). Other examples of recombinant sequences persisting in GenBank are also considered. A GenBank Entry Error Depositary is urgently needed to monitor and avoid a progressive accumulation of wrong biological information.

Effects of temperature acclimation on the critical thermal limits and swimming performance of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis: a threatened fish in Qinling Mountain region of China

AbstractBrachymystax lenok tsinlingensis is an endangered teleost fish species that occurs in the Qinling Mountain region of China. It also happens to represent the southernmost distribution of an endemic Salmonid fish worldwide. Recently, the habitat of this species shifted towards a higher altitude presumably because of climate change, indicating that this species might be suffering from thermal stress. However, information on the thermal physiology of this species is extremely limited. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of acclimation temperature (6, 12, and 18 °C) on ecologically relevant end points such as critical thermal limits, swimming performance and metabolic rate. Our results showed that elevated acclimation temperatures resulted in increased thermal tolerance and decreased swimming efficiency. High temperature (i.e., 18 °C) did not have a marked effect on the critical swimming speed and the maximum metabolic rate but caused an increase in the energetic cost of transport compared with the results at 12 °C. Interestingly, we found that both the acclimation response ratio and the critical thermal maxima of B. lenok tsinlingensis were higher than that of many other Salmonidae fishes, suggesting that this species responds plastically to temperature changes and has a high thermal tolerance. These characteristics are hypothesized to be related to the southernmost distribution of this species.

Morphology and ultrastructure of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis spermatozoa by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

This study was conducted to investigate Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis spermatozoa cell morphology and ultrastructure through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Findings revealed that the spermatozoa can be differentiated into three major parts: a spherical head without an acrosome, a short mid-piece, and a long, cylindrical flagellum. The mean length of the spermatozoa was 36.11±2.84μm, with a spherical head length of 2.78±0.31μm. The mean anterior and posterior head widths were 2.20±0.42μm and 2.55±0.53μm, respectively. The nuclear fossa was positioned at the base of the nucleus that contained the anterior portion of flagellum and a centriolar complex (proximal and distal centrioles). The short mid-piece was located laterally to the nucleus and possessed just one spherical mitochondrion with a mean diameter of 0.65±0.14μm. The spermatozoa flagellum was long and cylindrical, and could be separated into two parts: a long main-piece and a short end-piece. The main piece of the flagellum had short irregular side-fins. The axoneme composed the typical '9+2' microtubular doublet structure and was enclosed by the cell membran e. This study confirmed that B. lenok tsinlingensis spermatozoa can be categorized as teleostean "Type I" spermatozoa; 'primitive' or 'ect-aquasperm type' spermatozoa. To the best of the authers knowledge, this was the first study conducted on the morphology and ultrastructure of B. lenok tsinlingensis spermatozoa.

Conservation genetics assessment and phylogenetic relationships of critically endangeredHucho bleekeriin China

Hucho bleekeri is a critically endangered salmonid fish found in the Yangtze River drainage in China. In this study, the genetic diversity of a small population (n = 43) was first assessed with partial mitochondrial DNA sequences (D-loop region and a cytochrome b gene [CYTB] gene fragment) and 15 microsatellite markers. Low levels of nucleotide diversity (Pi) were demonstrated in the H. bleekeri population based on the two mitochondrial DNA markers. The number of haplotypes (h) and the haplotype diversity (Hd) in the D-loop region (12 haplotypes and Hd = 0.8208) were higher than in the CYTB gene fragment (three haplotypes and Hd = 0.0941). The number of microsatellite alleles (Na) ranged from 2 to 13 in these individuals. The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and the expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.59719 and 0.44735, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance showed that the degree of differentiation in the population was low (FST = 0.04041) and the coefficient of inbreeding (FIS) was negative, indicating no obvious evidence of inbreeding in this population. A demographic assessment suggested that this species expanded a long time ago, but has suffered great losses in recent years. A molecular phylogenetic analysis clearly indicated that H. bleekeri is not introgressed by Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis. The baseline population genetic information supplied by this study will be vital in monitoring this highly threatened species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (Salmoninae, Salmonidae) and its intraspecific variation

The Manchurian trout, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, is endangered in Korea, where the southern range limit for this cold-freshwater fish occurs. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Korean B. lenok tsinlingensis was sequenced and its genetic characteristics were identified. The mitogenome of B. lenok tsinlingensis comprises 16,748 base pairs containing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes) and one major non-coding region (control region), making it similar to the majority of vertebrate mitogenomes. Interestingly, at the base of the stem region of OL in B. lenok tsinlingensis, the conserved motif is replaced by a 5′-ACCGG-3′ motif instead of the 5′-GCCGG-3′. We also identified an 81-base-pair tandem-repeat motif in the control region, the length of which is reduced by one nucleotide compared to those in B. lenok and Hucho species. The number of repeat motifs differed between Korean and Chinese B. lenok tsinlingensis, with two and three reiterations, respectively. The control region of B. lenok and its relatives will be used as a genetic marker in evolution/genetic studies and as a PCR-based marker for rapid identification of their lineages.

The Study on Daily Movement Patterns of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Inhabit in the Upper Part of the Nakdong River

The Study on Daily Movement Patterns of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Inhabit in the Upper Part of the Nakdong River

Seasonal habitat utilization and movement patterns of the threatened Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis in a Korean river

Threatened fish species that utilize riverine environments are faced with critical habitat degradation caused by various disturbances. Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, has been designated as a threatened species by the South Korean Ministry of Environment. In this study, we evaluated the movement patterns and seasonal habitat utilization of this species was monitored by radio telemetry during the overwintering and spawning periods. Within each period, no statistical difference in total distance travelled and linear range was identified between years (two-way MANOVA, Wilks’ lambda = 0.971, f = 0.271, P = 0.896). However, the mean total distance and linear range were longer during the spawning period compared to the overwintering period. Less movement was recorded during the overwintering period. A total of 8 tagged fish (24.2 %) moved upriver to the Songjeongri or the Byeongo streams (tributaries of the Nakdong River) for spawning. Movement to the spawning grounds was started with increased discharges, which were caused by rainfall and melting snow (following a rise in water temperature in late February). The fish returned to the Nakdong River after spending 2–3 weeks at the spawning grounds. The fish inhabited deep pools with low water velocity during the overwintering periods. In comparison, the spawning grounds tended to be located in shallow running water dominated by gravel-beds. This study clarified the habitat use and movement patterns of B. lenok tsinlingensis, contributing useful information toward establishing appropriate conservation and management plans for this threatened species.

Phylogeographic structure of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (Salmonidae) populations in the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, based on mtDNA control region

Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis is an endangered freshwater fish and distributed in mountains steams of Qinling Mountains, China. In this study, a comparative study of the mtDNA control region (D-loop) was performed to analyze its natural population structure and the genetic diversity of 53 individuals from four locations (TB, YX, LX and ZZ populations). Sequence analysis revealed three different domains and two feature sequences of the control region. The estimated haplotype and nucleotide diversity were 9 and 0.0023, respectively. Genetic structure analysis showed a high-level genetic diversity of B. lenok tisnlingensis (h = 0.6060 ± 0.1499). The AMOVA analysis indicated that 26.02% of total variation came from individual populations, and 73.98% from variation within the four geographic populations, which showed low genetic differentiation between the four geographic groups. Test of neutral evolution and mismatch distribution indicated that no historical expansion occurred in these populations. The high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation would provide new information for conservation and exploitation of this species.