Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

Tumour-associated antigens in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma: Studies with sera from tumour-bearing animals

Sera from 21 cattle (10 bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) bearing and 11 controls) were tested for antibody reactivity against various cultured cells (BOSCC, normal skin and tumours other than BOSCC), by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Most of the BOSCC sera reacted with autologous and allogeneic BOSCC cells and did not show any significant reactivity with normal skin cells (autologous or allogeneic). These sera when further tested on 7 different allogeneic or xenogeneic tumour cell types (other than BOSCC), showed significant reactivity only with cultured equine sarcoid and cutaneous papilloma cells. Three of the BOSCC sera did not react with autologous BOSCC cells but reacted indiscriminately with all other allogeneic BOSCC, normal cells and other tumour cells. Most of the control sera did not show any significant reactivity against BOSCC cells except sera from one cow bearing ocular papilloma and 2 healthy normals that were in contact with BOSCC bearing animals. This study suggests that BOSCC cells possess tumour associated antigens that are common to most (if not all) BOSCC cells.

Radical Surgery of Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Cancer Eye) Complications and Results

Radical Surgery of Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Cancer Eye) Complications and Results

Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma: ultrastructural characteristics in vitro.

The ultrastructure of cells obtained from bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma is described. Cells were observed in pelleted form and in monolayer in situ on film liners. Both preparations consistently showed the ultrastructural features of transformed epithelium in vitro.

Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Tumor-Associated Immunity Detected by E-Rosette Augmentation Test<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>

The E-rosette augmentation (ERA) assay was used to study cell-mediated immunity with blood leukocytes from cattle with bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC), from cattle with benign ocular or cutaneous lesions, and from healthy controls. Potassium chloride extracts (3 M) of BOSCC and skin from the same donor, cutaneous bovine papillomas, allogeneic lymphosarcoma, and xenogeneic sheep squamous cell carcinoma were used as antigens. Of the 21 animals with BOSCC, leukocytes of 19 gave positive ERA reactions to BOSCC extract and only those of 4 reacted nonspecifically to other extracts. Of 21 animals in the control group, only 3 gave positive ERA reactions. In reciprocal tests, cattle with BOSCC showed ERA reactivity only against extracts of BOSCC, and cattle with cutaneous papillomas showed reactivity only against extracts of cutaneous papillomas. Blood leukocytes from tumor-bearing cattle stimulated with related tumor extracts released a soluble factor that enhanced E-rosette formation when tested on normal bovine leukocytes.

Immunotherapy by Intralesional Injection of BCG Cell Walls or Live BCG in Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Report<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>

Cows of the Dutch Frisian and Maas-Rijn-IJssel breed with histologically confirmed ocular squamous cell carcinoma showed complete regression of the primary tumor in 70 or 60% of the cases after intralesional injection of a BCG cell wall or live BCG vaccine, respectively. Recurrence of the tumor was observed in 57% of the animals treated with BCG cell walls and in 25% of the animals treated with live BCG vaccine. Spontaneous regression was seen in 20% of the untreated cows. In a second control group, radical surgery, the most successful treatment for primary stage I tumors in humans, resulted in a 90% cure. Influence of immunotherapy on metastases could not yet be fully evaluated. White blood cell counts were not changed after therapy. It was not possible to link a favorable response to BCG therapy with the intensity of the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to purified protein derivative of mycobacteriae (PPD) or the formation of antibodies to BCG as determined by a micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, in animals that showed tumor regression, the DTH reaction to PPD had a tendency to persist for a longer period of time. It was concluded that 1) block resection was the best method of treatment for this tumor, 2) a single intralesional injection of a BCG cell wall vaccine was as effective as live BCG vaccine in the induction of complete regression of the primary tumor, 3) in this preliminary study BCG cell wall vaccine was less effective than live BCG vaccine in the prevention of recurrence, and 4) this naturally occurring tumor model is well suited for the study of the influence of BCG immunotherapy in a primary stage I tumor.

Tumor associated antigens of bovine cancer eye

A study was conducted to determine the presence of surface antigens on cultured cells of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) by serological testing. Serum from cattle with plaque and malignant stages of disease were tested for reactivity with surface antigens of cultured autologous and allogeneic cells. Indirect immune fluorescence assays were conducted to determine the presence of antibodies towards these tumor cells. It was found that sera tested possessed antibodies to the cultured tumor cells. Further, no surface reactivity was observed when these sera were tested for reactivity with normal epithelial cells. Reactive sera were analyzed by absorption tests with autologous and allogeneic cells. Absorbed sera showed no reactivity to surface antigens or allogeneic cells. This study suggests that there might be a shared antigen among the cells from plaque and malignant lesions.

Evidence for papillomaviruses in ocular lesions in cattle

Negatively stained preparations of various ocular lesions, generally considered to be precursors to bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma, were subjected to electron microscopic examination for viruses. Lesions examined included five conjunctival plaques, an acanthotic lesion from an eyelid, 15 conjunctival papillomas, two papillomas of the eyelid and two keratinised elongated proliferative lesions of the eyelid (cutaneous horns). Eight lesions contained particles that resembled papillomaviruses. These consisted of a conjunctival plaque, five conjunctival papillomas, a papilloma of the eyelid and one of the samples of cutaneous horn. The particles were present in small numbers and were found only after prolonged search. The finding of these particles suggests that papillomavirus may be involved in the aetiology of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma.

Autografting and allografting of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma

The autografting and allografting of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma was attempted. Autologous transplantation of primary ocular squamous cell carcinoma to subcutaneous sites initiated tumour growth at some sites in 11 of 17 animals when tumour pieces were used. The transplanted tumours showed progressive growth after a latent period of one to 10 weeks and attained a size of 1 cm between two and 16 weeks after implantation. Autologous tumour pieces also grew in the thoracic cavity of one animal but failed to grow in the peritoneal cavity of this animal and three other cattle. Tumour pieces obtained from subcutaneous autografts of two animals were reduced to single cell suspensions by trypsinisation at 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C. Each of these animals received five subcutaneous injections of 15 X 10(6) viable autologous cells per site for each preparation. No progressive growth was recorded at these sites. Autologous cultured tumour cells also failed to initiate progressive growth in two animals receiving 5 X 10(6) and 15 X 10(6) viable cells respectively. Pieces of subcutaneous autografts were reimplanted on five animals and progressive tumour growth was initiated on all five animals. In one animal the tumour pieces used for reimplantation had been stored in a liquid nitrogen refrigerator for seven days. Allografting was successful in only one of 10 attempts. The allograft grew until 10 weeks after implantation, then regressed spontaneously. No spontaneous regression was seen with autografts after progressive growth was recorded.

IMMUNOTHERAPY OF BOVINE OCULAR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS WITH PHENOL‐SALINE EXTRACTS OF ALLOGENEIC CARCINOMAS

Australian Veterinary JournalVolume 57, Issue 5 p. 250-250 Free Access IMMUNOTHERAPY OF BOVINE OCULAR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS WITH PHENOL-SALINE EXTRACTS OF ALLOGENEIC CARCINOMAS First published: May 1981 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1981.tb02678.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume57, Issue5May 1981Pages 250-250 RelatedInformation

Immunotherapy of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas with phenol-saline extracts of allogenic carcinomas.

Forty cattle with unilateral ocular squamous cell carcinomas and 2 with bilateral carcinomas were treated with a single intramuscular injection of a phenol-saline extract of allogeneic bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. Doses of extract varied from the equivalent of 100 mg of lyophilised powder to the equivalent of 1500 mg of lyophilised powder. Thirty-three of the 44 carcinomas (78%) responded to treatment, 15 regressing completely, 9 losing at least 50% of their bulk and 9 ceasing to increase in bulk. The response was significantly better (p less than 0.05) in cattle receiving 200 mg or more of lyophilised powder than in those receiving 100 mg of powder. Some 30 of 34 carcinomas (88%) responded to treatment when 200 mg or more of lyophilised powder was used. Five cattle with ocular carcinomas that had failed to respond to the initial treatment and 8 that had responded incompletely received second doses of phenol-saline extracts of allogeneic carcinomas. One carcinoma regressed completely and 2 regressed partially. Thirty cattle with untreated ocular squamous cell carcinomas were observed for periods of from one to 9 months. All the carcinomas grew progressively. Seventeen cattle with ocular squamous cell carcinomas were treated with phenol-saline extracts of bovine cutaneous papilloma, bovine foetal skin or normal bovine cornea and conjunctiva and observed for periods of from one to 14 months. A carcinoma in an animal treated with 500 mg of powder from an extract of cutaneous papilloma did not increase in size over the next 31 weeks. The other carcinomas grew progressively.

Cryosurgical Treatment of Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cryosurgical Treatment of Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma

An immunopathological study of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma

Histological and immunofluorescent techniques were used to examine changes in the cellular populations at the tumour-host interface in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas or their precursor lesions in a quantitative and semi-quantitative manner. In a number of cases the same techniques were used to study changes in the regional (parotid) lymph nodes. A total of 48 ocular and palpebral tumours, 38 parotid lymph nodes from the affected side, and 29 parotid lymph nodes from the contralateral side were examined. In normal bovine tissues in which the lesions of “cancer eye” usually appear, no immunoglobulin-containing (Ig) cells were observed on immunofluorescent examination. However, fluorescing cells were found in all precancerous and carcinomatous lesions. IgG-cells were overwhelmingly more numerous than IgM- or IgA-cells at every stage of neoplastic development and the greatest prevalence of IgG-cells seemed to occur in association with papillomas. In the stroma of tumours pyroninophils predominated over non-pyroninophilic mononuclear infiltrates. Immunofluorescent examination of parotid lymph nodes revealed no significant difference between the affected and contralateral sides. Histologically, however, the prevalence, size and mitotic activity of lymphoid follicles were each significantly greater in the parotid lymph node of the tumour affected side than in the contralateral parotid lymph node.

Bovine ocular squamous-cell carcinoma: lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin and tumour antigen.

The presence of ocular squamous-cell carcinomas in cattle was associated with significantly lower blastogenic response of peripheral-blood cultures to PHA than that of age-matched control cattle. The difference in blastogenic response was more marked when the external diameter of the tumour exceeded 2 cm. Cattle with aquamous-cell carcinomas had cell-mediated immunity against tumour extracts, as measured by the leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) microassay. The LAI reaction against tumour extracts was directly proportional to the general level of cell-mediated immunity as demonstrated by the lymphoproliferative response to PHA.

Tumor-Associated Immunity in Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detected by Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Microassay2

A microplate modification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay was used with blood leukocytes from cattle with ocular squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC); control groups were cattle with ocular or cutaneous lesions (not carcinoma) and healthy normal cattle. For the assay, saline extracts of OSCC and skin from the same donor, lymphosarcoma, and mastocytoma (M) were used as antigens. Specific LAI reactivity to OSCC extract (but not to skin extract) was detected in 14 of 18 animals with squamous cell carcinoma. One animal with OSCC showed LAI reactivity to OSCC extract, but 1 clinically normal cow had LAI with the M-extract. Leukocyte adherence stimulation reactions with the various antigens were seen in all groups of animals.

Radical surgery of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (Cancer Eye): A new procedure

Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma is a disease manifesting classic patterns of neoplasia. Untreated animals, die by local progressive growth or metastasis of the tumor. Aside from other forms of therapy, the available literature describes only local surgical treatment of the lesions. Therefore, following procedures of head and neck cancer surgery in humans, we developed a radical surgical operation for the treatment of this disease in cattle. A block resection was designed including the primary tumor, affected bone, salivary glands and the draining lymph nodes. This method leads to a better cure rate than local surgery and would be indicated when treating valuable breeding animals or other circumstances where extended treatment is warranted.

Epithelial cells cultured from bovine ocular carcinoma

A method is reported for the continuous in vitro culture of epithelial cells derived from bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma.

An evaluation of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma

Exfoliative cytology of the bovine eye was studied to assess its usefulness in the diagnosis of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. In a pilot study, nuclear changes such as condensation of nuclear chromatin, prominent nucleoli, anisonucleosis, bizarre mitoses, multinucleation and increased nucleocytoplasmic ratios, were seen in smears prepared from histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinomas. These changes were not observed in smears of benign precursor lesions or normal eyes. The specificity of these nuclear changes was further tested by the examination of 104 lesions by both cytology and histology. For 90 of the 104 lesions, the histological and cytological diagnoses were in agreement. The major problems encountered were in obtaining the required suitably fixed diagnostic cell from some lesions. This occurred where 2 lesions co-existed, where lesions occurred on the third eyelid and where large infected lesions were sampled. Exfoliative cytology is considered a useful technique in aiding the differentiation of benign changes from early malignancies; when combined with clinical history and location and description of the lesion it should prove even more useful.

Immunotherapy of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas.

Squamous cell carcinomas were collected from the eyes of cattle and saline phenol extracts of the tumours were prepared. The aqueous phase of the extract was used in studies on the immunotherapy of ocular squamous cell carcinomas in cattle. After a single intramuscular injection of the extract, regression and sometimes complete disappearance of eye tumours were observed in 39 of 46 carcinomas. Tumours as large as 4 X 5 cm regressed completely. Enhanced growth of tumours was noted in two of three cattle given multiple injections. Regressing tumours were examined histologically and regression appeared to be associated with a cell-mediated immune reaction. Spontaneous regression of a confirmed squamous cell carcinoma was observed in one animal. This spontaneous tumour in one of the larger domestic animals provides a useful experimental model for the study of tumour antigens.

Cytotoxic antibody in the serum of cattle with squamous cell carcinoma

Sera from two cattle with ocular squamous cell carcinomas were cytotoxic for two different cultures of cells derived from bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas. Sera from normal cattle, and from one tumour-bearing animal, were not cytotoxic. Cytotoxicity could be demonstrated in vitro only in the presence of guinea-pig complement.

Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma. III. Tissue Culture Studies of Carcinoma.

SummaryBehavior and properties of cells derived from bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma grown in vitro are described. In these cells, unlike those from benign precursor lesions, plaque and pappilloma, cytoplasmic inclusions have seldom been observed. Multiple nuclei and margination of chromatin have been found only in rare instances. Changes, normally associated with cells of cultures of plaque and papilloma, have been found in cells from lesions diagnosed as transitional from plaque or papilloma to carcinoma.