Bovine Bone Graft Research Articles

Maxillary sinus lift augmentation: A randomized clinical trial with histological data comparing deproteinized bovine bone grafting vs graftless procedure with a 5-12-year follow-up.

Different protocols and procedures for sinus lift and implant placement are available, generally involving the use of grafts to increase the tissue volume and/or prevent the Schneiderian membrane from collapsing. Among xenografts, deproteinised bovine bone graft (DBBP) is frequently used in sinus lift procedures. Leaving an ungrafted space following membrane elevation has proven to have a bony regenerative potential as well. This study aimed to compare the clinical and histological features of sinus lift surgery performed with or without biomaterials. Patients with severe maxillary posterior atrophy (residual bone height 2-6 mm and residual crest thickness ≥4 mm), and in need of sinus lift surgery to allow the placement of three implants were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. They underwent sinus lifts with DBBP (control) or with a graftless technique (test) and immediate placement of two implants (a mesial and distal one). After 6 months, a bone sample was retrieved from the area between the previously inserted fixtures, and a third, central implant was placed. The collected bone samples were analyzed morphologically and histomorphometrically. The patients were provided with prosthetic restorations after 6 months and followed up for 5-12 years. Ten patients were enrolled in the test and nine in the control group. The 6-month follow-up showed in the control group an average augmentation of 10.31 mm (±2.12), while in the test group it was 8.5 mm (±1.41) and a success rate of 96.3% in the control and 86.7% in the test group (p > 0.05). The histological analysis evidenced the presence of new bone tissue surrounded by immature osteoid matrix in the test group, and a variable number of DBBP particles surrounded by an immature woven bone matrix in the control group. The results of the present trial indicate that, with residual bone height of 2-6 mm and residual crest thickness ≥4 mm, sinus lift surgery with or without biomaterials followed by implant restoration, produces similar clinical and histological outcomes.

Histomorphometric comparison of two different preclinical models to evaluate the bone repair in grafted areas

Aim: This study was performed to compare two different rat defect models (critical calvaria defects versus guided bone regeneration in the mandibular ramus) used to evaluate bone repair in grafted areas. Methods: A total of 12 rats were allocated in two groups according the experimental model used to evaluate the bone repair in grafted areas: a critical sized-calvaria defect of 5 mm filled with bone graft (n=6) and a mandibular ramus filled with the bone graft associated with a Teflon dome-shaped membrane (n=6). Both groups were grafted with deproteinized bovine bone graft. After 60 days, the animals were euthanized and the samples obtained were submitted to histomorphometry analysis to evaluate the relative amount of bone, remaining bone substitute, and soft tissue within the grafted areas. Results: No differences were observed between the preclinical models evaluated in relation to the amount of bone tissue formation (19.93 ± 4.55% in calvaria vs. 21.00 ± 8.20% in mandible). However, there was a smaller amount of soft tissue (43.20 ± 10.97% vs. 57.79 ± 7.61 %; p<0.01) and a greater amount of bone substitute remaining (35.80 ± 5.52% vs. 22.28 ± 4.36 %; p<0.05) in the grafted areas in the mandible compared to calvaria defect. Conclusion: Preclinical models for the analysis of bone repair in grafted areas in the mandible and critical sized-calvaria defects showed different responses in relation to the amount of soft tissue and bone substitute remnants.

Comparative Evaluation of the Differentiation and Proliferation Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Bone Graft and Bovine Bone Graft: An In Vitro Study.

Stem cells of mesenchymal origin have good proliferative capacity when compared to other stem cell types. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a variety of mesenchymal cells obtained from the pulpal tissue of teeth and are abundantly available and easy to obtain. DPSCs facilitate and improve the formation of new bone using different bone graft scaffolds. This present study aims to evaluate and compare the osteogenic potential of DPSCs on alloplastic and xenogeneic bone grafts. Hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium bone graft and bovine bone graft were used in a triplicate manner in the laboratory. DPSCs were obtained from the pulpal tissue of extracted third molars in the laboratory. The cytotoxicity, osteogenic potential, and difference in the rate of proliferation of mesenchymal cells on the biomaterials were assessed. Darker purple staining was seen in the case of hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium bone graft on MTT colorimetric assay stating that there was an increase in cell viability in hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium bone graft as compared to the bovine bone graft. Hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium bone graft showed more osteogenic potential as compared to the bovine bone graft as a higher degree of red staining was seen in Alizarin staining. Higher cell viability and higher osteogenic proliferation and differentiation were seen on the hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium bone graft compared to the bovine bone scaffold.

Comprehensive clinical and histological evaluation of bovine hydroxyapatite bone graft with polypropylene membrane versus leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin for alveolar preservation after tooth extraction.

Osseointegrated implant placement in the ideal prosthetic position necessitates a sufficient residual alveolar ridge. Tooth extraction and the subsequent healing process often lead to bony deformities, characterized by a reduction in alveolar ridge height and width, resulting in unfavorable ridge architecture for dental implant placement. Several materials, including allografts, alloplastics, xenografts, and autogenous bone, are commonly used to address these concerns. In this context, leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) emerges as a promising solution. This case report aims to compare the clinical and histological efficacy of bovine hydroxyapatite bone graft covered with polypropylene membrane (BHAG-PM) and leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in preserving dental alveoli following tooth extraction. Extraction, graft placement in the alveoli, and the anterior border between extracted elements were performed for both treatment groups. Up to 24 months of follow-up revealed satisfactory and comparable clinical and histological outcomes. These results suggest that both BHAG-PM and L-PRF effectively promote alveolar preservation, paving the way for ideal implant placement. In general, bone-substitute materials are effective in reducing alveolar changes after tooth extraction. Xenograft materials should be considered as among the best of the available grafting materials for alveolar preservation after tooth extraction. Both techniques effectively preserve the alveolar bone and facilitate the placement of osseointegrated implants in ideal positions, paving the way for successful oral rehabilitation.

Bone defect reconstruction after radicular cyst enucleation with bovine bone graft and protein rich plasma: A case report

Background: Radicular cyst enucleation and reconstruction with bone graft is a surgical procedure used to remove a cyst that has formed around a tooth root. The procedure involves making an incision in the gum tissue to expose the cyst, removing the cyst and any affected bone, and then filling the resulting defect with a bone graft. The bone graft is typically taken from the patient's own body, such as from the chin or the iliac crest, and is used to promote new bone growth and help stabilize the surrounding teeth. After the procedure, the gum tissue is sutured back into place, and the patient may be prescribed pain medication and antibiotics to help manage any discomfort or infection. The success of the procedure depends on the size and location of the cyst, as well as the patient's overall oral health. Purpose: To aim management of cyst enucleation and reconstruction bone defect with bovine bone graft and protein rich plasma (PRP). Case(s): A female 19 years old with the chief complaint of the patient have caries io the lower left jaw tooth. The patient complains of frequent oedemmon left cheek site. On panoramic radiologic examination, a radiolucent lesion with a radiopaque border was found in the apical region of tooth 36. Case Management: The patient underwent enucleation of cyst and bone defect reconstruction with general anaesthesia. After 14 days, the sutures were removed and the wound were healed. Conclusion: This case of radicular cyst can be used for guideline with enucleation of radicular cyst and bone defect reconstrtion

Survival analysis of dental implants placed in horizontally severely resorbed maxillae after reconstruction with xenogeneic graft: a case series.

To evaluate the survival rates of dental implants with a hybrid macrostructure and the surface biomimetically coated with nanohydroxyapatite, placed in horizontally atrophic maxillae previously submitted to the guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure, associated with the use of a deproteinized bovine bone graft (DBB). Twenty-five patients who received 196 implants were involved in this study. First, these patients were submitted to GBR procedures and maxillary sinus lift, where DBB was used as the grafting material. The dental implants were placed after a minimum period of 6 months of the grafting procedures. The patients were followed up every six months and clinical/radiographic examinations were performed to assess the implants, using the following indicators as a reference: (1) Absence of mobility; (2) Absence of pain. Data about the age, surgery time, smoking status, implant size, and time between the grafting procedure and implant placement were correlated with implant failures. Twelve implants failed, generating a survival rate of 94.23%. None of the variables analysed correlated with the implant failures. Implants with a hybrid macrostructure and surface biomimetically coated with nanohydroxyapatite present good survival rates in horizontally atrophic maxillae grafted with DBB.

Response of human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (PBMM) to demineralized and decellularized bovine bone graft substitutes.

The performance of apparently biocompatible implanted bovine bone grafts may be compromised by unresolved chronic inflammation, and poor graft incorporation leading to implant failure. Monitoring the intensity and duration of the inflammatory response caused by implanted bone grafts is crucial. In this study, the ability of demineralized (DMB) and decellularized (DCC) bovine bone substitutes in initiating inflammatory responses to peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (PBMMs) was investigated. The response of PBMMs to bone substitutes was evaluated by using both direct and indirect cell culture, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, immunophenotyping, and cytokine production. Analysis of DMB and DCC substitutes using scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a roughened surface with a size ranging between 500 and 750 μm. PBMMs treated with DMB demonstrated cell aggregation and clumping mimicking lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated PBMMs and a higher proliferation ability (166.93%) compared to control (100%) and DCC treatments (115.64%; p<0.001) at 24h. This was associated with a significantly increased production of intracellular ROS in PBMMs exposed to DMB substitutes than control (3158.5 vs 1715.5; p<0.001) and DCC treatment (2117.5). The bone substitute exposure also caused an increase in percentage apoptosis which was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in both DMB (27.85) and DCC (29.2) treatment than control (19.383). A significant increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α: 3.4 folds; p<0.05) was observed in DMB substitute-treated PBMMs compared to control. Notably, IL-1β mRNA was significantly higher in DMB (21.75 folds; p<0.0001) than control and DCC (5.01 folds). In contrast, DCC substitutes exhibited immunoregulatory effects on PBMMs, as indicated by the expression for CD86, CD206, and HLDR surface markers mimicking IL-4 treatments. In conclusion, DMB excites a higher immunological response compared to DCC suggesting decellularization process of tissues dampen down inflammatory reactions when exposed to PBMM.

Radiographic Evaluation of the Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Regeneration of Calvarial Bone Defects in Rats

Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate radiographically the effect of orally administered vitamin D3 on guided bone regeneration in calvarial critical size defects (CSD) in rats.&#x0D; Methods: Two calvarial CSD were created in 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats. One of the defects was left empty (E defect), while the other one was treated with deproteinized bovine bone graft and collagen-based resorbable membrane (GM-filled defect). Following surgical intervention, rats were randomly assigned into two groups; the control group was administered distilled water, and the test group was treated with 2 µg /kg vitamin D3 by gavage once a day for 8 weeks. Radiological images were obtained from rats on 4th and 8th weeks. The area fraction of newly formed osteoid was determined using Image Fiji Analysis Software. &#x0D; Results: The percentages of area fraction in the GM-filled defects were statistically higher than the E defects in both study groups at 4th and 8th weeks (p

The impact of Resolvin E1 on bone regeneration in critical-sized calvarial defects of rat model-A gene expression and micro-CT analysis.

To investigate, invivo, the effect of local application of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) on the bone regeneration of critical-size defects (CSDs) in Wistar rats utilizing gene expression and micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. The inflammation-resolving actions of RvE1 are well established. The molecular mechanism of its bone-regenerative actions has been of significant interest in recent years; however, there is limited information regarding the same. Thirty Wistar rats with a 5 mm induced critical-size calvarial defect were randomly allocated into four groups: no treatment/negative control (n = 5), treatment using bovine bone grafts/positive control (n = 5), treatment using local delivery of RvE1 (n = 11) and treatment using RvE1 mixed with bovine bone graft (n = 9). After 4 weeks, RNA isolation, complementary DNA synthesis and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used for genetic expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN). The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks and micro-CT imaging was performed to analyse the characteristics of the newly formed bone (NFB). The data were analysed using ANOVA and the least significant difference tests (α ≤ .05). The RvE1 + bovine graft group had statistically highest mean NFB (20.75 ± 2.67 mm3 ) compared to other groups (p < .001). Similarly, RvE1 + bovine graft group also demonstrated statistically highest mean genetic expression of ALP (31.71 ± 2.97; p = .008) and OPN (34.78 ± 3.62; p < .001) compared to negative control and RvE1 groups. Resolvin E1 with adjunct bovine bone graft demonstrated an enhanced bone regeneration compared to RvE1 or bovine graft alone in the calvarial defect of Wistar rats.

Alveolar Bone Formation Enhancement Induced by The Combination of Propolis Extract and Bovine Bone Graft Through SMAD3 Expression and Woven Bone in The Socket Preservation (An In Vivo Study)

After tooth extraction, preservation of the socket is performed to maintain the alveolar bone dimension. The materials such as Bovine Bone Graft (BBG) are commonly used and in combination with propolis extract, it's hoped can accelerate the bone remodeling so as to increase the success of prosthodontics treatment and improve individual good health and well-being. This study aimed to determine the capability of the combination of propolis extract and BBG in alveolar bone regeneration in terms of SMAD3 expression and the area of woven bone. This study used 84 Cavia cobaya which were divided into 4 groups for the 3rd, 7th, and 30th day, each group consist of 7 subjects. The first mandibular incisor of the subject was extracted then the socket for each group was filled with PEG (K1), propolis extract (K2), BBG (K3), and a combination of propolis extract and BBG (K4). After the duration was reached, the experimental animals were terminated and the specimen were processed to evaluate the expression of SMAD3 and calculate the area of the woven bone. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). All groups expressed SMAD3 and demonstrated the presence of woven bone. The highest expression of SMAD3 and the area of woven bone were found in the K4 group on the 3rd, 7th, and 30th day. There were significant differences in each group (p = 0.00; p &lt;0.05) both on the SMAD3 expression and the area of the woven bone. Propolis extract and BBG combination supports enhancement bone formation by increasing SMAD3 expression and woven bone area.

Socket preservation using a combination of propolis extract and bovine bone graft towards the expression of receptor activator of nuclear κB ligand and osteoprogerin.

This study was undertaken to comprehend the effect of a combination of bovine bone graft (BBG) and propolis extract on the receptor activator of nuclear κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expressions in post-extraction tooth sockets.

Effectiveness of Two Differently Processed Bovine-Derived Xenografts for Alveolar Ridge Preservation with a Minimally Invasive Tooth Extraction Approach: A Feasibility Clinical Trial.

Xenogeneic-derived biomaterials are among the most routinely employed bone substitutes for immediate grafting of extraction sites as a modality of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). The deproteinized bovine bone material is widely used and documented around the world. The present pilot clinical trial evaluated and compared the clinical and morphologic alterations of extraction sites after ARP using two commercially available yet differently processed bovine bone grafts. A total of 20 adjacent extraction sites in 10 patients were included. All sites received the exact same ARP therapy except for the type of bovine bone graft, which was randomly assigned between two adjacent extraction sockets in 10 patients (Group A received Bio-Oss particles and Group B received Cerabone particles). At all sites, healing was monitored at the time of surgery and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months postoperative. All of the augmented extraction sites achieved successful implant therapy regardless of the bone graft material used for ARP. Six weeks after implant placement, second-stage/uncovering procedures were performed without complications. Intergroup comparisons of the crestal gingival healing process (CGHP), mean transversal crestal ridge resorption (MTRR), and mean implant primary stability (MIPS) were in favor of Group A sites (treatment with Bio-Oss particles).

Evaluation between Biodegradable Magnesium Metal GBR Membrane and Bovine Graft with or without Hyaluronate.

Bone substitutes and barrier membranes are widely used in dental regeneration procedures. New materials are constantly being developed to provide the most optimal surgical outcomes. One of these developments is the addition of hyaluronate (HA) to the bovine bone graft, which has beneficial wound healing and handling properties. However, an acidic environment that is potentially produced by the HA is known to increase the degradation of magnesium metal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential risk for the addition of HA to the bovine bone graft on the degradation rate and hence the efficacy of a new biodegradable magnesium metal GBR membrane. pH and conductivity measurements were made in vitro for samples placed in phosphate-buffered solutions. These in vitro tests showed that the combination of the bovine graft with HA resulted in an alkaline environment for the concentrations that were used. The combination was also tested in a clinical setting. The use of the magnesium metal membrane in combination with the tested grafting materials achieved successful treatment in these patients and no adverse effects were observed in vivo for regenerative treatments with or without HA. Magnesium based biodegradable GBR membranes can be safely used in combination with bovine graft with or without hyaluronate.

Clinical and histomorphometric soft tissue assessment comparing free gingival graft (FGG) and a collagen matrix (MS) as alveolar-sealer materials: a randomized controlled pilot clinical trial.

This study aimed to compare the alveolar sealing performance between free gingival graft (FGG) and porcine collagen membrane (MS) and qualitatively assessed patient-centered outcomes via a visual analog scale (VAS). Eighteen patients were randomly divided into control (FGG) and test (MS) groups. After extraction, all the alveoli were filled with bovine bone grafts (small granules) and sealed. The follow-up happened during the immediate post-operatory period and after 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. After 180 days, before implant placement, tissue samples were obtained for histological analysis. The epithelial tissues were morphometrically measured for each sample. Qualitative information on the patient's perception of the treatment was collected after seven days. A faster healing was observed for the MS group. After 60 days, all the sites from the MS were partially healed, in contrast with only five from the FGG. The histological results after 120 days showed for the FGG group an acute inflammatory predominant process, whereas for the MS group was observed chronic processes. The mean epithelial height found for the FGG and MS were 535.69μm and 495.33μm (p=0.54). The intragroup analysis showed significant variance among the data (p<0.001) for both groups. The qualitative result showed statistically more significative comfort for the MS group (p<0.05). Within the limitation of this study, both techniques effectively promote alveolar sealing. However, the VAS result found a better and more significant result for the MS group, with faster wound healing and lower discomfort.

The Use of Pre-adapted Titanium Mesh on 3D-Model with Bovine Bone Graft and Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Mandibular Ridge Augmentation

The Use of Pre-adapted Titanium Mesh on 3D-Model with Bovine Bone Graft and Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Mandibular Ridge Augmentation

Periodontal wound healing with hyaluronic acid alone or in conjunction with bovine bone graft in the treatment of class II furcation defects: A histologic and histomorphometric study

Periodontal wound healing with hyaluronic acid alone or in conjunction with bovine bone graft in the treatment of class II furcation defects: A histologic and histomorphometric study

Socket shield technique: Stress distribution analysis.

To analyze through finite element analysis the stress distribution in peri-implant bone tissues, implants, and prosthetic components induced by the socket shield (SS) technique in comparison to other techniques used to treat tooth loss. A three-dimensional model of a superior central incisor crown supported by implant was modeled and three different placement conditions were simulated: SS - 2.0-mm-thick root dentin fragment positioned between the alveolar buccal wall and implant; heterologous bone graft (HBG) - bovine bone graft positioned the alveolar buccal wall and implant; and control (C) - implant fully placed in bone tissue of a healed alveolus. The model was restricted at the lateral surfaces of the bone tissue and the following loads were simulated: Both oblique (45°) loads of 100 N on the lingual surface of the crown (maximal habitual intercuspation) and 25.5 N on the incisal edge of the crown (tooth contact during mandibular protrusion) were simultaneously applied. Tensile stress, shear stress, compression, and displacement were analyzed in the cortical bone, trabecular bone, dentin root fragment, and bone graft; while equivalent von Mises stresses were quantified in the implant and prosthetic components. Stress values of SS and HBG in the bone tissues were higher than C, while slight differences within models were observed for dentin root fragment, bone graft, implant, and prosthetic components. The SS technique presented the highest stress concentration in the peri-implant tissues.

Socket Preservation after Tooth Extraction: Particulate Autologous Bone vs. Deproteinized Bovine Bone.

The technique of socket preservation after tooth extraction allows for less volumetric decrease after tooth extraction. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate differences between alveolar socket preservation performed with deproteinized bovine bone graft and autologous particulate bone graft taken from the mandibular ramus. This retrospective study enrolled a total of 21 consecutive patients. A total of 11 patients underwent socket preservation with deproteinized bovine bone graft and collagen matrix (group A), and 10 patients underwent socket preservation performed with particulate autologous bone taken from the mandibular ramus and collagen matrix (group B). All patients received cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) before socket preservation and after four months. Alveolar bone width (ABW) values and alveolar bone height (ABH) values were measured at the first and second CBCT, and the reduction of the values in the two groups was compared. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test for independent variables, and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences between ABW reduction of group A and ABW reduction of group B (t-test value p = 0.28). There were no statistically significant differences between ABH reduction of group A and ABH reduction of group B (t-test value p = 0.10). In this retrospective study, no statistical differences were found between the group that received autologous particulate bone compared to the group that received deproteinized bovine bone in socket preservation.

Bovine Grafting: An Effective Alternative after Curettage of Benign Bone Tumors

We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients (15 women and 13 men) with benign bone tumors or pseudotumors treated with curettage and filling with freeze-dried bovine bone graft Orthogen (Baumer S/A, São Paulo, Brazil). The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of incorporation of Orthogen into the host bone, as well as to describe the outcomes of bone healing (quality, time, and complications). General characteristics, tumor volume, size, site, complications, percent filled, and healing quality at 6 and 12 months were assessed through radiographs. Mean patient age was 20.5 (range 4.7-75.1) years. The most common lesion type was simple bone cyst (12/28), and the most common sites were the tibia (7/28) and humerus (7/28). There were no postoperative pathologic fractures. Two cases (7.1%) of serous fluid leakage through the wound occurred. Mean cavity volume was 20.1 (range 2.7-101.4) cm3. At 6 and 12 months, 75% and 77.8% of cavities, respectively, showed complete bone healing. At 12 months, 81% of cavities filled >90% with graft showed complete bone healing vs. only 19% of those filled <90%. Filling with bovine bone graft resulted in few complications and excellent healing after curettage of benign bone tumors or pseudotumors. Complete healing occurred in most cases by 12 months. Cavities with a higher percentage of filling had a higher rate of complete radiographic incorporation.

Induction effect combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft to the area of woven bone on the preservation socket post-tooth extraction

Background: Tooth extraction is a common dentistry procedure followed by alveolar bone resorption. Trauma that occurs in tooth extraction will induce exaggerating inflammatory process, leads to increased alveolar bone resorption. Bone resorption can be minimized by administering a combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft. The combination material is expected to increase the woven bone area formation and speed up the alveolar bone remodeling process. Purpose: To determine the effect of induction of a combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft in the formation of the woven bone area on tooth extraction sockets. Methods: The lower left incisor of Cavia cobaya was extracted and the socket was given materials according to their group, namely, control group, bovine bone graft group, Nigella sativa extract group, and a combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft group. Cavia cobaya was sacrificed on day 7 and day 14. Histological observation was carried out with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: The highest formation of the woven bone area resulted from the group that was treated with a combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft, both on day 7 and day 14. Conclusion: The combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft is able to increase the formation of woven bone area in the tooth extraction socket.