Bovine Bone Graft Research Articles

Influence of collagen membrane on bone quality in titanium mesh reconstructions-Study in rats.

New bone formation and tissue remodeling are the major challenges in implantology today. Titanium meshes have demonstrated reconstructive potential for vertical bone gain. However, the soft tissue healing is technically sensitive to the surgical procedure. The combined usage of collagen membrane and specification of the meshes may ensure greater predictability. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of collagen membrane on the quality of the new bone formation in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures with different titanium meshes. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four main experimental groups, according to mesh pore size inμm: Group P300 (titanium meshes, with 0.3-mm thickness and 3-mm pore size; n=7); Group P175 (titanium meshes, with 0.3-mm thickness and 1.75-mm pore size; n=7); Group P85: (titanium meshes, with 0.04-mm thickness and 0.85-mm pore size; n=7); Group P15: (titanium meshes. with 0.04-mm thickness and 0.15-mm pore size; n=7). The femurs of each animal were subdivided into test and control groups: Test: bovine bone graft associated with porcine collagen and collagen membrane was used; control: bovine bone graft associated with porcine collagen was used without association with collagen membrane. Bone quality evaluation by in vivo microtomography and histologic analysis were performed. Bone volume formation was similar between groups (P>0.05). However, the titanium meshes with pore size>1mm demonstrated higher mineral bone density in comparison with meshes with pore size<1mm (P<0.05), regardless of the combined usage of collagen membrane. All groups showed a spongy bone formation after 30days. Combined usage of collagen membrane in GBR procedures with titanium mesh did not show improvements in new bone quality in rat femur model. However, titanium mesh pore size specifications may influence bone quality.

Time of Implant Placement in the Esthetic Zone: Does it affect the Thickness of the Labial Bone?

Purpose: to evaluate the labial bone thickness (LBT) in the esthetic zone of the maxilla after insertion of dental implants: immediately, 4-6 weeks, and 3 months after tooth extraction, by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Patients and methods: Fifteen cases, who had single non-restorable upper anterior tooth or an extracted tooth not exceeding 3 months, were involved in the study. The patients were divided equally into three groups. In group 1, implants were placed immediately after tooth extraction. In group 2, implants were inserted 4-6 weeks after extraction. In group 3, implants were inserted 3 months following tooth extraction. All implants were covered by bovine bone graft substitute (BBGS) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) membrane. The LBT was measured immediately after implant insertion, six and 12 months of surgery by using (CBCT). The patients were examined clinically by assessing probing depth (PD), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), pink esthetic score (PES), and visual analogue score (VAS). Results: Successful osseointegration was observed in all patients, both clinically and radiographically. There was insignificant difference in the labial bone thickness between the 3 groups; however, the amount of bone resorption was considered significant only in group 1, at the implant shoulder, during the first interval of the follow up (immediate to six months postoperative). Conclusion: Preservation of LBT at the labial surface of the dental implants in the esthetic zone of the maxilla appears to be independent on the time of implant insertion after tooth extraction. It was possible to create and preserve a stable layer of labial bone over implant surface, by the application of BBGS and PRF membrane.

The use of grafting material biphasic calcium sulfate for the treatment of osseous defects resulting from radicular cysts. Clinical study and six-month follow up

Aim Surgical treatment of odontogenic cysts of the jaws accounts for a significant percentage of dental surgery procedures. Additionally, a wide range of procedures and augmentation materials are used in the reconstruction of these osseous defects. The authors present a study including histology of surgical treatment of odontogenic cysts using a biphasic calcium sulfate composite bone graft. Materials and methods Two groups, study and control, of 30 patients each with odontogenic cyst were treated for radicular cyst removal with reconstructive surgery using a deproteinized bovine bone graft (xenograft). A modified surgical procedure was performed in the control group, with different types of graft placed in the osseous defects. In the study group wound site closure was performed without periosteum cutting to allow stretching of the flap to attempt primary site closure, whereas in the control group primary wound closure was achieved to protect the xenograft material. Results In the study group complete wound healing and suture maintenance was reported in 29 patients (96.6%); in 1 case (3.4%), a postoperative wound dehiscence (I°) occurred on day 5. In the control group no wounds dehiscences were observed in 24 patients (80%), in 4 cases (12%) a wound dehiscence (I°) occurred on day 3 and 5 and in 2 cases (8%), IIo wound dehiscence over 10 mm with secondary inflammatory features were observed which required graft removal. Conclusions The use of the Bond Apatite® preparation proved to be a simple, inexpensive and effective reconstructive treatment of osseous defects after enucleation of odontogenic cysts.

Comparison of two anorganic bovine bone in maxillary sinus lift: a split-mouth study with clinical, radiographical, and histomorphometrical analysis

BackgroundAnorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss®) has been extensively used for reconstruction of posterior area of maxilla in sinus lift procedure; however, a new graft material (Lumina-Bone Porous®), that has a different manufacturing process, has not been yet compared in clinical and histological terms. The manufacturing process of bovine bone graft is related to size and porosity of the particles, and this can change osteoconductive property of the material and bone formation. The use of Lumina-Porus® could improve bone formation, reduce the remaining particles of the biomaterial using a low-cost material. The aim of this research was to compare the clinical, radiological, and histomorphometrical results from maxillary sinus lift with two different anorganic bovine bone substitutes Bio-Oss® (control) and Lumina-Bone Porous® (test).ResultsA split-mouth study was performed with 13 volunteers. The mean bone ridge height in the deepest portion of maxillary sinuses floor was 3.11 ± 0.83 mm in the Bio-Oss® and 2.38 ± 0.75 mm in the Lumina-Bone Porous®. After sinus lift, the Bio-Oss® group shows bone ridge height of 11.56 ± 2.03 mm and Lumina-Bone® of 10.62 ± 1.93 mm. The increase in alveolar bone height scores was significant between pre-augmentation and 6 months after SL in both groups (p < 0.001). No statistical significant difference in newly formed bone in the Bio-Oss® group (20.4 ± 5.4%), and Lumina-Bone Porous® (22.8 ± 8.5%) was histomorphological observed (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the residual graft particles showed significant difference between the Bio-Oss® group (19.9 ± 8.6%) and Lumina-Bone Porous® (14.6 ± 5.6%) (p < 0.05). The survival rate of dental implants for augmented area with Lumina Bone Porous® was 88.88%, while for Bio-Oss® group was 100%.ConclusionBoth materials Bio-Oss® and Lumina-Bone Porous® can be used in the maxillary sinus floor augmentation with good predictability in clinical, radiographical, and histological point of view.

Effective dose of propolis extract combined with bovine bone graft on the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in tooth extraction socket preservation

Background: Maintaining a good ridge is required during prosthodontic treatment. Hence, adequate alveolar bone support is considered an important factor in pursuing successful dentures. Propolis extract combined with bovine bone graft is a recent and innovative material in the process of socket preservation, as the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) it contains can suppress the inflammatory process. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effective dose of propolis extract combined with bovine bone graft on the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in socket preservation. Methods: Twenty-eight Cavia cobaya animals were divided into four groups of seven. Group I was given 25 grams of PEG, while Group II were given a propolis extract at a dose of 0.5% combined with bovine bone graft. Group III were given a propolis extract at a dose of 1% combined with bovine bone graft and Group IV were given a propolis extract at a dose of 2% combined with bovine bone graft. On day 30, the lower incisor of each subject was extracted and induced with PEG and propolis (dose 0.5%, 1%, 2%). Histopathological examinations of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were measured with a 400x magnification light microscope. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were performed to analyse data statistically. Results: The propolis extract combined with bovine bone graft not only increased the number of osteoblasts but also reduced the number of osteoclasts. The most effective dose for the propolis extract combined with bovine bone graft was 2%. Conclusion: The propolis extract combined with bovine bone graft could be effective in tooth extraction socket preservation at a dose of 2%.

The effect of propolis extract and bovine bone graft combination on the number of osteoclast and osteoblast as an effort to preserve post-extraction socket (on Cavia cobaya)

Background: Post-extraction alveolar bone height and width never reach the same dimensions as before extraction. A combination of propolis extracts and bovine bone graft (BBG) that are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, osteoinductive and osteconductive is expected to improve bone regeneration. Purpose: Knowing the effect of the combination of propolis extracts and BBG on the number of osteoclast and osteoblast as an effort to preserve the socket after extraction of Cavia cobaya teeth. Methods: 56 Cavia cobaya was divided into eight groups: the lower left incisor was extracted, and the socket was filled with 2% poly ethylene glycol (PEG), propolis extract+PEG, BBG+PEG, and a combination of propolis extract+BBG+PEG. The incisors socket of animals models were executed on the 14th and 30th days. Using HE for histopathological examination, the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts were counted with a 400x magnification light microscope with nine visual fields. The data were analysed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results: The highest mean number of osteoclasts occurred in the BBG+PEG 14th day group and the lowest occurred in the propolis extract+BBG+PEG 14th day group. The highest mean number of osteoblasts occurred in the propolis + BBG + PEG combination 30th day group, the lowest occurred in the control group (PEG) on the 14th day. Conclusion: The 2% combination of propolis extracts and BBG effectively reduces the osteoclast number and increases the osteoblast number in preserving the socket after extracting Cavia cobaya teeth.

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in sites grafted with osteoconductive bone substitutes improves osseointegration.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration of implants placed in areas grafted with different osteoconductive bone substitutes irradiated with infrared low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Fifty-six rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: DBB, bone defects filled with deproteinized bovine bone graft (DBB); HA/TCP, bone defects filled with biphasic ceramic made of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP); DBB-L, bone defects filled with DBB and treated by LLLT; HA/TCP-L, bone defects filled with HA/TCP and treated by LLLT. Bone defects were performed in the tibia of each animal and filled with the different biomaterials. The grafted areas were treated with LLLT (λ 808nm, 100mW, ϕ ∼ 0.60mm) in 7 sessions with 48h between the irradiations. After the 60-day period, the implants were placed, and the animals were euthanized after 15 and 45days. The osseointegration and bone repair in the grafted area were evaluated by biomechanical, microtomographic and histometric analyses, and the expression of some bone biomarkers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry analysis. LLLT induced higher degree of osseointegration, which was associated with the greater expression of BMP2 and OCN. LLLT performed in areas grafted with osteoconductive bone substitutes prior to implant placement improves osseointegration.

The Potential of Natural Propolis Extract Combined with Bovine Bone Graft in Increasing Heat Shock Protein 70 and Osteocalcin on Socket Preservation.

Objective This study aims to combine natural propolis with bovine bone graft (BBG) as a means of extraction socket preservation after 3 and 7 days toward expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and osteocalcin to regenerate bone. Materials and Methods The Cavia cobaya were divided into eight groups, each consisting of seven samples. Their lower left incisors were extracted and induced with PEG, propolis extract, BBG, and a combination of propolis extract BBG. The research subjects were terminated on days 3 and 7 postextraction. Immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations were subsequently performed to observe HSP 70 expression, osteocalcin expression, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Statistical Analysis Data obtained were then analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) tests. Results Both the groups with the combination of propolis extract and BBG on days 3 and 7 were found to present the highest number of HSP70 expression, osteocalcin expression, and osteoblast cells as well as the lowest number of osteoclasts. Conclusion Both the groups with the combination of propolis extract and BBG on days 3 and 7 were found to present the highest number of HSP70 expression, osteocalcin expression, and osteoblast cells as well as the lowest number of osteoclasts.

Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor novel mutation results in familial hereditary hearing loss.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of bovine and equine bone substitute materials used in sinus augmentation techniques. The research protocol was carried out using the PubMed database, including articles from October 2019 until February 2020 and those in English only. The search on PubMed (MED-LINE) was carried out with the following keywords: sinus augmentation OR sinus lift AND bovine bone graft OR equine bone matrix. The articles identified included randomised clinical trials, cross-sectional studies and case series. Outcomes were the percentage of newly formed bone, remaining graft particles and soft tissue in a follow-up at least of 5 months. The use of bovine bone graft (ABB) as a graft material in maxillary sinus elevation was evaluated in 9 studies. According to the quality assessment, 4 of the 9 studies were analysed and an arithmetic mean was performed showing the following results: newly formed bone (NFB 22.74%), residual grafts (RG 29.36%) and soft tissue percentage (SF 48.51%). The use of equine bone matrix (EBM) was assessed in four different studies including an RCT, a cross-sectional study and two case series; a mean percentage calculated by the extracted data of the four studies was estimated with newly formed bone (NFB 44.51%), residual grafts (RG 17.24%) and soft tissue percentage (SF 36.62%). EBM appears to be as effective as ABB for the maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure.

Osteogenic Potential of Bovine Bone Graft in Combination with Laser Photobiomodulation: An Ex Vivo Demonstrative Study in Wistar Rats by Cross-Linked Studies Based on Synchrotron Microtomography and Histology.

Background: Alveolar bone defects are usually the main concern when planning implant treatments for the appropriate oral rehabilitation of patients. To improve local conditions and achieve implant treatments, there are several methods used for increasing bone volume, among which one of the most successful, versatile, and effective is considered to be guided bone regeneration. The aim of this demonstrative study was to propose an innovative analysis protocol for the evaluation of the effect of photobiomodulation on the bone regeneration process, using rat calvarial defects of 5 mm in diameter, filled with xenograft, covered with collagen membrane, and then exposed to laser radiation. Methods: The animals were sacrificed at different points in time (i.e., after 14, 21, and 30 days). Samples of identical dimensions were harvested in order to compare the results obtained after different periods of healing. The analysis was performed by cross-linking the information obtained using histology and high-resolution synchrotron-based tomography on the same samples. A comparison was made with both the negative control (NC) group (with a bone defect which was left for spontaneous healing), and the positive control (PC) group (in which the bone defects were filled with xenografts and collagen membrane without receiving laser treatment). Results: We demonstrated that using photobiomodulation provides a better healing effect than when receiving only the support of the biomaterial. This effect has been evident for short times treatments, i.e., during the first 14 days after surgery. Conclusion: The proposed analysis protocol was effective in detecting the presence of higher quantities of bone volumes under remodeling after photobiomodulation with respect to the exclusive bone regeneration guided by the xenograft.

Dynamics of reparative histogenesis of bone tissue in presence of some osteoplastic materials in vitro

Currently, to solve the bone deficiency problem in the maxillofacial region, osteoplastic materials based on allogeneic and xenogenic collagen bone matrix are used, both in pure and in activated forms, by adding growth factors. It is impossible to determine the effectiveness and mechanisms of the osteoplastic materials effect on bone regeneration without a comprehensive study, including not only histological, but also morphometric studies of the structural components and cellular reactions in the impact area. Such studies provide reliable and objective information on the main processes taking place in bone regeneration.Purpose. To determine the spatial distribution of reparative osteogenesis in the presence of some osteoplastic materials in vitro.Materials and methods. Svetlogorsk breed pigs were used as a biomodel. Depending on the osteoplastic preparations used, the animals were divided into four groups of the two in each: 1st — a preparation based on a natural bovine bone graft was injected into bone defects. 2nd — a preparation based on collagenized porcine transplant was injected into bone defects. 3rd — a preparation consisting of 60 % hydroxyapatite (HA) and 40 % beta-tri-calcium phosphate; 4th — control group — the bone defect healed under a blood clot. Animals were removed from the experiment on the 45th day. We examined sections with a thickness of 20 μm using the method of light and fluorescence microscopy.Results. The results indicate different dynamics of the reparative osteogenesis in the presence of osteoplastic materials of different classes. In group 1, the filling of the defect with newly formed bone tissue is not uniform; in group 2, the filling of the defect with newly formed bone tissue is uniform; in group 3 the filling of the defect with non-formed bone tissue is uneven due to the pronounced hyperostosis; in the control group, the filling of the defect with newly formed bone tissue is not happening.Conclusion. Stimulation, the dynamics of reparative osteogenesis and the three-dimensional organization of bone regenerate depend on the osteoplastic material class, which requires further study of the dynamics and three-dimensional organization of bone regenerate to select the optimal bone-replacing agent.

Comparison of Regenerative Potential of Platelet-rich Fibrin Alone and in Combination with Bovine Bone Graft in Intraosseous Defect by Single Flap Approach: A Clinical and Radiographic Study.

ABSTRACTAim:To compare the regenerative potential of platelet-rich fibrin alone and in combination with bovine bone graft in intraosseous defect by the single flap approach.Materials and Methods:A total of 32 sites of intrabony defects were selected and were treated with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) alone or in combination with bovine bone graft. Clinical parameters [Gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), Gingival recession, and radiographic parameters (defect fill, alveolar crest level, and defect depth)] were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.Results:Statistical analysis was done by independent and paired t-test. There were statistically significant changes in GI, PD reduction, CAL gain, defect fill, alveolar crest level changes, and defect depth resolution from baseline, 3 months, and 6 months in both the groups (P < 0.001). On intergroup comparison, Group II showed statistically significant changes in a reduction in pocket depth and defect depth resolution at P < 0.001.Conclusion:PRF in combination with bovine bone graft was more effective in the treatment of intrabony defects.

Propolis extract and bovine bone graft combination in the expression of VEGF and FGF2 on the preservation of post extraction socket.

Aim:To determine the potential of propolis extract and BBG combination on the quantity of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and osteoblasts in the preservation of tooth extraction socket on days 3 and 7.Settings and Design:Laboratory in vivo reseach using animal model.Materials and Methods:Fifty-six Cavia cobaya were divided into eight groups containing seven animals in each group. The extraction socket on the lower left incisor was filled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) at a concentration of 2% (Groups I and II) as a control; active materials consisted of propolis extract and PEG (Groups III and IV); active materials consisted of BBG and PEG (Groups V and VI); and active materials consisted of propolis extract, BBG, and PEG (Groups VII and VIII). Then, an examination was done using immunohistochemistry to perform an expression of VEGF, FGF2, as well as histology of osteoblasts.Statistical Analysis Used:The statistical analysis performed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference test.Results:Propolis extract, BBG and PEG had the most significant result related to the formation of FGF2, VEGF, and osteoblasts.Conclusion:The combination of propolis extract with BBG and PEG in socket preservation is effective in increasing the expression of FGF2, VEGF, and osteoblasts.

The efficacy of synthetic allograft and bioresorbable xenograft in immediate implant procedures: A comparative clinical study

Aim: Immediate placement of an implant into the fresh extraction socket often leaves a space between the implant periphery and the surrounding bone, and the space between the implant and the bone is required to be filled with a biocompatible material such as a graft. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of synthetic bioactive glass allograft and dried freeze bovine bone grafts in the immediate implant site. Materials and Methods: The study comprised a total of thirty individuals in the age group between 16 and 60 years with at least one tooth indicated for extraction. The thirty participants were further divided into two groups. Group A comprised 15 participants who underwent extraction and buccal plate preservation (BPP), followed by immediate implant placement using synthetic allograft material (PerioGlas). Group B comprised 15 participants who underwent extraction and BPP, followed by immediate implant placement using xenograft as the graft material (Bio-Oss). The participants were evaluated both clinically and radiographically for 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. The level of significance was set at P Results: PerioGlas and Bio-Oss in immediate implant site showed excellent osseointegration around the immediate implant site. However, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Both synthetic allograft and bioresorbable xenograft are promising and equally potential in bone formation around the immediate implant site.

The effect of a combination of propolis extract and bovine bone graft on the quantity of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in tooth extraction sockets

Background: Tooth extraction is a procedure frequently performed in the field of dentistry that can cause alveolar bone resorption during the healing process. Therefore, preservation of sockets is necessary to maintain alveolar bone which represents one of the important factors in the successful manufacture of dentures. A combination of propolis extract and bovine bone graft (BBG) can accelerate bone regeneration. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a combination of propolis extract and BBG on the quantity of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in the tooth extraction socket. Methods: 56 Cavia cobaya were divided into eight groups. The lower left incisor of each subject was extracted and induced with polyethylene glycol (PEG), propolis extract + PEG, BBG + PEG, combination of propolis extract + BBG + PEG at a concentration of 2% active substance. Experimental subjects were sacrificed on days 3 and 7. Histopathological examination with a microscope at 400x magnification was conducted to calculate the quantity of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results: The highest average quantity of fibroblasts and osteoblasts and the lowest average quantity of osteoclasts occurred in the group to which a combination of propolis extract and BBG had been administered on both days 3 and 7. According to the statistical analysis results, all the treatment groups recorded a significant difference in the quantity of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts with a p value: 0.000 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: A combination of propolis extract and BBG can increase the quantity of fibroblast and osteoblast cells, while reducing the number of osteoclast cells in tooth extraction sockets treated with 2% concentration of the active substance.

Morphometric evaluation of bone regeneration in segmental mandibular bone defects filled with bovine bone xenografts in a split-mouth rabbit model

BackgroundBovine bone grafts have been widely used in dentistry for guided tissue regeneration and can support new bone formation in direct contact with the graft. The aim of this study was to compare the morphometric and bone density changes after using two different bovine bone graft blocks in segmental osseous defects in the mandible of rabbits following different postoperative periods.Material and methodsCritical size segmental defects were surgically created bilaterally in the jaw of 18 rabbits. The defects were filled with either deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM-C; BioOss Collagen®), lyophilized bovine medullary bone (LBMB; Orthogen®), or left untreated according to a split-mouth design. Animals were sacrificed after 3 or 6 months of healing. The hemimandibles were scanned ex vivo using a high-resolution (19 μm) microcomputed tomography. Morphometric and bone density parameters were calculated in the region of the defect using CT-Analyser (Bruker). Initial graft blocks were used as baseline.ResultsDBBM-C presented a denser microarchitecture, in comparison to LBMB at baseline. DBBM-C and LBMB grafted regions showed a similar progressive remodeling, with a significant decrease in structure complexity and maintenance of bone volume fraction during the postoperative follow-up periods. Both graft materials showed an enhanced bone replacement and more complex structure compared to untreated defects. The apparent fusion between the graft and host bone was observed only in the defects filled with LBMB.ConclusionLBMB grafts showed a similar behavior as DBBM-C regarding structural remodeling. In LBMB samples, apparent integration between the host bone and the graft was present.

Enamel matrix derivative in liquid form as adjunct to natural bovine bone grafting at buccal bone dehiscence defects at implant sites: An experimental study in beagle dogs.

To evaluate the effect of enamel matrix derivative in liquid form (EMD-liquid) as adjunct to grafting with natural bovine bone (NBB), on new bone formation and osseointegration in buccal dehiscence defects at dental implants. In six beagles, 3months after extraction of the mandibular premolars and first molars. Three titanium implants (3.3Ø×8.0mm) were inserted, and dehiscence-type defects (mesiodistal width 3mm×5mm depth) were created on their buccal aspect. The defects were randomly assigned to one of the following three treatment groups: Group 1: NBB, Group 2: NBB/EMD-L, Group 3: Control. All sites were covered with a collagen membrane. Histomorphometric measurements were performed after 3months of healing. New bone area, bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and first BIC (fBIC) in the NBB and NBB/EMD-L groups were significantly greater than in the control group (p<.05). Further, f-BIC was at a significantly more coronal position in the NBB+EMD-liquid group (0.4±0.1mm) compared with the NBB group (1.2±0.2mm). Natural bovine bone grafting enhances bone regeneration and osseointegration at implants with buccal bone dehiscences compared with no grafting, and adjunct use of EMD-liquid appears to further enhance bone formation and osseointegration.

Effects of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin associated or not with bovine bone graft on the healing of bone defects in rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy.

To evaluate the healing of critical size defects (CSDs) in calvaria of rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy and treated with leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) associated or not with bovine bone graft (XENO). A total of 32 rats underwent a bilateral ovariectomy procedure. After 3months, one 5mm in diameter CSD was created in the middle of the calvaria of each animal. In group C, defect was filled with blood clot only. In PRF, XENO, and PRF-XENO groups, defects were filled with 0.1ml of L-PRF, 0.1ml of XENO, and a mixture of 0.1ml of L-PRF plus 0.1ml of XENO, respectively. L-PRF compressed clots were used to cover the defects in PRF and PRF-XENO groups. Animals were submitted to euthanasia at 30 postoperative days. Histomorphometric, microtomographic, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. PRF-XENO group presented greater amount of neoformed bone (NB) when compared with XENO group, as well as higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteocalcin (OCN), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2/4) (p<.05). PRF group presented increased amount of NB and higher expression of VEGF, OCN, BMP-2/4, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) when compared with group C (p<.05). (a) The isolated use of L-PRF clot can improve bone neoformation in CSDs in rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy, but seems to lead to decreased amount of bone neoformation when compared to the isolated use of XENO; (b) L-PRF potentiates the healing of XENO in rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy.

Effects of Systemic Administration of Resveratrol on New Bone Formation in Critical-Sized Bone Defects in Rats

Antioxidant agents stimulate new bone formation during the process of repair of bone defects. This study aimed to examine the effects of systemic administration of resveratrol, an antioxidant agent, on new bone formation in a rat model of experimentally induced bone defects. The study consisted of four groups. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of the date on which the animals were sacrificed. We formed a 5-mm bone defect in the right mandible of the animals in each group. Control group (C) received no further treatment, first experimental group (G) received a bovine bone graft, second experimental group (R) received systemic administration of resveratrol (10 mg/kg), third experimental group (GR) received systemic administration of resveratrol (10 mg/kg) with a bovine bone graft. The results of histopathological examination on the 14th and 28th day showed significant differences in the degree of ossification, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and the density of inflammatory cells between the groups (p &lt; 0.05). Results of biochemical analysis showed significant differences in the serum levels of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) between the groups (p &lt; 0.05). Thus, our results showed that systemic resveratrol administration with graft placement may have positive effects on bone healing in critical-sized bone defects.

Bone repair induced by different bone graft substitutes in critical-sized defects in rat calvaria

Abstract Introduction The use of bone substitutes in grafting procedures as an alternative of the use of autogenous bone graft has been indicated, however, the direct comparison between these biomaterials has been little explored. Objective To evaluate the effect of different osteoconductive bone substitutes on the bone repair in critical-sized defects (CSDs) in rat calvaria. Material and method One CSD with an 8 mm diameter was made in each of the 40 rats used in this study. The animals were randomly allocated into 5 groups (n=8), according to the type of bone substitute used to fill the CSD: COA (Coagulum); AUT (autogenous bone); DBB (deproteinized bovine bone graft); HA/TCP (biphasic ceramic composed of hydroxyapatite and β-phosphate tricalcium); and TCP (β-phosphate tricalcium). A microtomographic analysis was performed to evaluate the remaining defect linear length (DLL) of the CSD and the volume of the mineralized tissues (MT) within the CSD at 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after the surgical procedure. In addition, a histometric analysis was performed to evaluate the composition of the repaired bone tissue (% Bone and % Biomaterial) at the 30-day period. Result It was shown that the COA had the lowest DLL and MT within the CSD. In addition, the COA presented the highest % of bone in CSD. The DBB had a higher MT and a higher % of bone substitute particles in the CSD than the AUT and TCP groups. The DBB and AUT groups presented higher % of bone in the CSD than the TCP group. Conclusion The use of the DBB promoted a better pattern of bone volume gain and formation compared to TCP and HA / TCP but was biologically inferior to the AUT.