Boundary Crossings Research Articles

Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy.

Ethics and Law.

Ethics and Law.

Massive Multi‐Mission Statistical Study and Analytical Modeling of the Earth's Magnetopause: 4. On the Near‐Cusp Magnetopause Indentation

AbstractThe shape and location of the magnetopause current sheet in the near‐cusp region is still a debated question. Over time, several observations led to contradictory conclusions regarding the presence of an indentation of the magnetopause in that region. As a result several empirical models consider the surface is indented in that region, while some others do not. To tackle this issue, we fit a total of 17,230 magnetopause crossings to various indented and non‐indented analytical models. The results show that while all models describe the magnetopause position and shape equivalently far from the cusp region, the non‐indented version over‐estimate the radial position of the near‐cusp magnetopause. Among indented models, we show that the one designed from non‐linearmagneto hydrodynamic simulations fits well the near‐cusp magnetopause location, while the other underestimate its position probably because their design was possibly based on magnetopause crossing catalogs that contain cusp inner boundary crossings.

Borders and transit countries: the re-territorialization of Middle East pipelines

Following the discovery of vast oil reserves in the Persian Gulf region, the Middle East became the main hub for the expansion and development of western pipeline technology. Contrary to the borderless world described in some accounts of globalization, what is observed after 1956 is the establishment of hard political borders, directly under the oversight of national governments, for pipeline deployment with minimal boundary crossings. In the Middle East, this minimal permeability of frontiers entailed fewer risks compared with the uncertainties arising from having to cross several countries: the sovereign state thus seemed the best container for oil transportation. The conclusion puts forward the concept of re-territorialization to explain the multi-level changes that took place, entailing shifts in geography, in business structures and in international relations.

Variability of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field as a Driver of Electromagnetic Induction in Mercury's Interior

AbstractMercury's magnetosphere is a unique and dynamic system, primarily due to the proximity of the planet to the Sun and its small size. Interactions between solar wind and embedded interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the dayside Hermean magnetosphere drive an electric current on the system's magnetopause boundary. So far, electromagnetic induction due to magnetopause motion in response to changing external pressure has been used to constrain Mercury's iron core size. Here we assess the impact a changing IMF direction has on the Hermean magnetopause currents, and the resulting inducing magnetic field. Observations made by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft during dayside magnetopause boundary crossings in the first “hot season,” are used to demonstrate the importance of the IMF direction to Mercury's magnetopause currents. Our 16 boundary crossings show that introduction of external IMFs change the magnetopause current direction by 10° to 100°, compared to the case where only the internal planetary field is considered. Analytical modeling was used to fill in the bigger picture and suggests for an east‐west reversal of the IMF, typical of the heliospheric current sheet sweeping over Mercury's magnetosphere, the inducing field at Mercury's surface caused by the resulting magnetopause current dynamics is on the order of 30% of the global planetary field. These results suggest that IMF variability alone has an appreciable effect on Mercury's magnetopause current and generates a significant inducing magnetic field around the planet. The arrival of the BepiColombo mission will allow this response to be further explored as a method of probing Mercury's interior.

Therapist boundary crossings in the digital age: Psychologists’ practice frequencies and perceptions of ethicality.

Therapist boundary crossings in the digital age: Psychologists’ practice frequencies and perceptions of ethicality.

Holographic bound on area of a compact binary merger remnant

Using concomitantly the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics and the holographic Bekenstein entropy bound embellished by loop quantum gravity corrections to quantum black hole entropy, we show that the boundary cross sectional area of the postmerger remnant formed from the compact binary merger in gravitational wave detection experiments like GW150914 et seq., by the LIGO-VIRGO collaboration, is bounded from below. This lower bound is more general than the bound obtained from application of Hawking's classical area theorem for black holes, since it does not depend on whether the inspiralling compact binary pair or the postmerger remnant consists of black holes or other exotic compact objects. The derivation of the bound entails an estimate of the entropy of the gravitational waves emitted during the binary merger, which adapts to gravitational waves an extant formalism proposed originally for particle ensembles. The results for the minimal cross sectional area of the merger remnant due to binary compact mergers observed recently by the LIGO-VIRGO collaboration are discussed. While accurate measurement of the mass of the remnant for the binary neutron star merger GW170817 remains a challenge, we provide a proof of principle that for binary neutron star mergers our lower bound on the cross sectional area of the remnant provides an alternative approach to probe the validity of neutron star equations of state, independent of the tidal deformabilities of the components.

Using Big Data to test labor market stability vs dynamism: what career path leads to better outcomes

In recent decades, longstanding questions that have been broadly debated in the career management literature, remain unresolved: are careers becoming dynamic or stable, which leads to how to optimize career progress–via dynamic moves or stable employment. We address conflicting findings and aim to advance career theory in three ways. Theoretically, we offer empirical support for both boundaryless career and career ecosystem theories and expand the career ecosystem theory and provide new evidence to key scholarly debates regarding new careers. We offer practical advice to individuals regarding their career strategy. Utilizing an extensive database of 3,000,000 individuals, comprising one country’s entire working population, and their 300,000 employers, we find support for a dynamic labor market characterized by three different career boundary crossings: job, employer, and sector change across eleven years. We identify distinctive clusters of career transitions that we associate with career outcomes. We find a moderating effect of birth cohort, the share of stayers, leavers, managerial and professional employees, firm size, and gender, and differences between the impact of boundary-crossing and both wage level and wage growth, with contrasting patterns for each. We demonstrate that in most cases, opting for frequent career moves would offer better outcomes compared to stable employment. The theoretical contribution and their implications for our understanding of career motives and career dynamism are discussed.

Stochastic periodic orbits in fast-slow systems with self-induced stochastic resonance

Noise is ubiquitous in various systems. In systems with multiple timescales, noise can induce various coherent behaviors. Self-induced stochastic resonance (SISR) is a typical noise-induced phenomenon identified in such systems, wherein noise acting on the fast subsystem causes stochastic resonancelike boundary crossings. In this paper, we analyze the stochastic periodic orbits caused by SISR in fast-slow systems. By introducing the notion of the mean first passage velocity toward the boundary, a distance matching condition is established, through which the critical transition position of boundary crossing can be calculated. The theoretical stochastic periodic orbit can be accordingly obtained via gluing the dynamics along the slow manifolds. It is shown that the theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with the results of Monte Carlo simulations for a piecewise linear FitzHugh-Nagumo system even for large noise. Furthermore, the proposed method is extended to the original FitzHugh-Nagumo system and also found to exhibit consistent accuracy. These results provide insights into the mechanisms of coherent behaviors in fast-slow systems and will shed light on the coherent behaviors in more complex systems and large networks.

Ethical Challenges in the Treatment of Anxiety.

Ethical Challenges in the Treatment of Anxiety.

Minimal Organizational Requirements for the Ascription of Animal Personality to Social Groups.

Recently, psychological phenomena have been expanded to new domains, crisscrossing boundaries of organizational levels, with the emergence of areas such as social personality and ecosystem learning. In this contribution, we analyze the ascription of an individual-based concept (personality) to the social level. Although justified boundary crossings can boost new approaches and applications, the indiscriminate misuse of concepts refrains the growth of scientific areas. The concept of social personality is based mainly on the detection of repeated group differences across a population, in a direct transposition of personality concepts from the individual to the social level. We show that this direct transposition is problematic for avowing the nonsensical ascription of personality even to simple electronic devices. To go beyond a metaphoric use of social personality, we apply the organizational approach to a review of social insect communication networks. Our conceptual analysis shows that socially self-organized systems, such as isolated ant trails and bee’s recruitment groups, are too simple to have social personality. The situation is more nuanced when measuring the collective choice between nest sites or foraging patches: some species show positive and negative feedbacks between two or more self-organized social structures so that these co-dependent structures are inter-related by second-order, social information systems, complying with a formal requirement for having social personality: the social closure of constraints. Other requirements include the decoupling between individual and social dynamics, and the self-regulation of collective decision processes. Social personality results to be sometimes a metaphorical transposition of a psychological concept to a social phenomenon. The application of this organizational approach to cases of learning ecosystems, or evolutionary learning, could help to ground theoretically the ascription of psychological properties to levels of analysis beyond the individual, up to meta-populations or ecological communities.

Textual encounters: Tagore’s translations of medieval poetry

ABSTRACT This article focuses on Tagore’s translations of medieval saint-poets, writing in different Indian languages, to examine his attempts at “impossible” boundary crossings, from the medieval to the modern, the local to the transregional, and the sacred to the literary. These translations are considered in terms of multilinguality, vernacularization and the democratization of literature, collaborative translation, and Tagore’s contribution to the ongoing process of constructing a South Asian “modernity” for his own times. They destabilize distinctions between “classical” and “popular”, secular and sacred, erotic and mystical, textual and performative. They can be read as “transcreations”, often involving unorthodox collaborative methods. They challenge conventional translation theories privileging fidelity, singular authorship and the authority of the “original”. Tagore’s translations provide a dynamic model for a potential contemporary rethinking of the role of translation in South Asian literary history.

CAT(0) cube complexes are determined by their boundary cross ratio

We introduce a \mathbb{Z} -valued cross ratio on Roller boundaries of CAT(0) cube complexes. We motivate its relevance by showing that every cross-ratio preserving bijection of Roller boundaries uniquely extends to a cubical isomorphism. Our results are strikingly general and even apply to infinite dimensional, locally infinite cube complexes with trivial automorphism group.

The organization of informal pathways into STEM: designing towards equity

ABSTRACT The goal of inclusive design to promote participation of marginalised groups in science is ubiquitous across informal science education, and in the growing field of citizen science. Yet the aspiration of equality in the sciences continues to be met with challenges. Despite decades of educational research studying the barriers of participation in science, progress has not yet reached expectation. In this paper we apply an ethnographic approach to examine outcomes of a diversification effort of a citizen science programme in a museum-based genetics lab. We analyse data from interviews, artifacts and observations with participants from the programme inside the lab. We share findings about how being intentional while designing towards equity resulted in a more diverse and accessible programme while giving the participants the opportunity to build knowledge of, and skills in, genetics in an inclusive space. This paper concludes with findings on barriers to participation among individuals from underrepresented communities, and how relationships with diverse leaders can facilitate boundary crossings, foster positive identities in sciences and beget a new generation of diverse scientists.

Brokering Boundary Crossings through the SoTL Landscape of Practice

This study examines the lived experiences of seven internationally diverse scholars from Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia to answer the question: how do we make meaning of our collective boundary crossing experiences across disciplines and positions within SoTL? Our positions range from graduate student, faculty, and academic developers, to department chair and centre director. We conducted a phenomenological study, based on narratives of experience, and drew on Wenger-Trayner and Wenger-Trayner’s (2015) theoretical framework that explores the features of a landscape of practice. Guided by this framework, we analyze our boundary crossings and brokering across the “diverse, political and flat” features of the SoTL landscape. Our collective findings highlight the critical role brokers play in facilitating boundary crossings. Brokering is precarious, bringing people together, building trusting relationships, and developing legitimacy while negotiating deadlocks, bureaucracy, authorities, and a multitude of challenges. Brokers, we found, require strength and resilience to mobilise, influence, and drive change in the landscape to transform existing practices or create new ones. We suggest that our analytical process can be used as a tool of analysis for future research about how brokers influence the SoTL landscape of practice and how brokering enhances SoTL development, support, and leadership.

Brokering Boundary Crossings through the SoTL Landscape of Practice

This study examines the lived experiences of seven internationally diverse scholars from Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia to answer the question: how do we make meaning of our collective boundary crossing experiences across disciplines and positions within SoTL? Our positions range from graduate student, faculty, and academic developers, to department chair and centre director. We conducted a phenomenological study, based on narratives of experience, and drew on Wenger-Trayner and Wenger-Trayner’s (2015) theoretical framework that explores the features of a landscape of practice. Guided by this framework, we analyze our boundary crossings and brokering across the “diverse, political and flat” features of the SoTL landscape. Our collective findings highlight the critical role brokers play in facilitating boundary crossings. Brokering is precarious, bringing people together, building trusting relationships, and developing legitimacy while negotiating deadlocks, bureaucracy, authorities, and a multitude of challenges. Brokers, we found, require strength and resilience to mobilise, influence, and drive change in the landscape to transform existing practices or create new ones. We suggest that our analytical process can be used as a tool of analysis for future research about how brokers influence the SoTL landscape of practice and how brokering enhances SoTL development, support, and leadership.

Pointwise Mass Conservative Least Squares Isogeometric Analysis for Stokes Problem

Conventional least squares finite element method for incompressible flow does not enforce mass conservation in pointwise, i.e. the velocity field is not exactly divergence free. In this paper, we present a pointwise mass conservative least squares isogeometric analysis for the Stokes problem. The method utilizes high order smooth basis functions generated from non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS). Pointwise divergence free velocity field is defined using stream function on each patch of computational domain. Velocity boundary conditions and cross patch continuity are enforced in least square sense. Numerical results are presented for flow past a large circular cylinder in a channel and flow over a backward facing step. The results show improvements on local and global mass conservation.

Altered Voices and Gender-Bending: Prince, Camille, Opera, and Society

ABSTRACT During the 1980s Prince composed and produced songs under a variety of alter-egos. One alter-ego was a character he called Camille. As Camille, Prince sang in a voice altered by technology—it was high pitched and sounded feminine or androgynous. This article seeks to draw a connection between the androgyny in Prince’s appearance, music, and vocal performance in the 1980s, and in his Camille persona, and types of gender boundary crossings in three periods in the evolution of opera performance.

Prioritising the mobilisation of emergency medical services: patient making at the healthcare gateway

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the socio-material practices through which organisational understanding of patients is accomplished in order to prioritise calls and mobilise emergency medical services at the gateway of the healthcare system.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of this paper is an ethnographic study of the co-ordination of collective action in an emergency services control room in the Welsh NHS, with data generation and analysis informed by Translational Mobilisation Theory.FindingsMobilisation of emergency medical services entails the translation of callers' undifferentiated problems into response priority categories, which are used by dispatch operators to mobilise crews. A central actor in these processes is the computerised Medical Priority Dispatch System. While designed to enable non-clinically qualified call handlers to triage calls in a standardised way, the system constrains caller–call handler interaction, which negatively impacts the categorisation process. Analysis of these interactional difficulties and associated mitigation strategies highlights opportunities for intervening to support co-ordination at this healthcare boundary.Originality/valueOrthodox approaches to improving interface management are founded on a conceptualisation of “patients” as immutable actors in care transfer processes. Translational Mobilisation Theory brings into view the multiple versions of the “patient” produced by healthcare systems and offers a framework for analysing the mechanisms of action necessary to create organisational understandings of patients at boundary crossings. While the ambulance control centre is a singular case, the paper illustrates the value of attending to these processes in interface organisation.

Stalked by Our Own Devices: Cyberbullying as a Boundary Crossing Behavior

The goal of this paper was to explore the phenomenon of cyberbullying using a sociomaterialist sensitivity. Through the process, we discovered that cyberbullying is very much postdigital in nature. As part of a larger study, the data was collected via two semi-structured focus groups with sixteen youth, one focus group comprising four adults, and nine individual interviews with school and professional service personnel in Saskatchewan, Canada. The data was recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed for indications of (1) boundary crossings and (2) spatial, verbal, digital, social, and temporal characteristics of the crossings. We noted how cyberbullying crosses boundaries of location (school, home, and extra-curricular activities), time (time of day and time of year), age groups, cultural groups, technological platforms, and professional roles (law enforcement, principals, teachers, parents, and children). The results were examined relative to three relational patterns: networks (patterns of connectedness), fluids (patterns of variation), and regions (patterns of containment) (Sorensen 2009). We conclude that cyberbullying as a behavior has strength due to its fluidity (i.e., continuous mutation and exchange of members without loss of identity) and that digital technologies hasten cyberbullying through the ambiguation of boundaries (breakdown of regions). Digital anonymity may hinder the attribution of responsibility (identification of networks and participants) because, as a postdigital phenomenon, physical and digital boundaries that we ‘normally’ assign to our world lack clear differentiation. This paper provides an example of how a postdigital sensitivity can be applied in an empirical study and how we can gain new insights from engaging with research from a postdigital perspective.