Boundary Arrangement Research Articles

Intelligent Optimization Framework for Future Communication Networks using Machine Learning

Confronting the undeniably complicated versatile correspondence organization, knowledge is the advancement heading of organization versatile improvement innovation later on. Portable correspondence information is a significant part representing things to come data society. AI calculation is embraced in the versatile improvement plot, which can facilitate different enhancement goals as per the progressions of climate and state and understand the ideal boundary arrangement. Canny portable terminal hardware is turning out to be increasingly well known. The combination and advancement of social, portable and area administrations make the conventional informal organization easily change to versatile correspondence organization. AI is a part of man-made consciousness. Its examination objective is to construct a framework which can advance a few guidelines from information and apply them to the resulting information handling. In light of chart hypothesis, this paper tackles the issue of correspondence network information really, and concentrates on the calculation of huge information examination in view of AI

PENGARUH SENGKETA BATAS WILAYAH ANTARA INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA DI PULAU SEBATIK TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL EKONOMI

Many boundary disputes are caused by many factors, therefore boundary arrangement is very important to do. Sebatik Island is one of the small islands of tens of thousands of islands owned by the Indonesian state. Sebatik Island is divided into two parts, one part of the northern island goes into Malaysian territory, and the other part is the southen part into Indonesian territory. Because this island is the border of the country, the location of Sebatik is very strategic for both countries and makes Sebatik Island prone to conflict. In conducting research this Journal Article used is a mixed research method, which is a research method that combines two qualitative and quantitative research methods in a research activity.

Membership‐based aircraft parking stand allocation system with time window constraints: An event‐based time–space separated algorithm

AbstractOutsourcing maintenance service providers are vital to guarantee safe operation in airline industry. To reduce the workload and avoid incompatible arrangement schemes in traditional manual arrangement, this article constructs an intelligent system with a novelly designed model and algorithm for membership‐based aircraft parking stand allocation problem. This problem arises from outsourcing maintenance service providers. They need to first serve membership orders, while guaranteeing punctual delivery of other orders. In particular, mutual collision should be strictly avoided between aircrafts. To solve this problem, first, a mathematical model is constructed to optimize timetable and aircraft parking stand allocation scheme. Second, to quickly obtain feasible scheduling scheme, three kinds of mechanisms, including information guidance mechanism, boundary arrangement mechanisms and local optimal adjustment mechanism, are novelly proposed. Moreover, event‐based time–space separated heuristic algorithm is subtly designed based on time–space separation characteristics. In addition, coding schemes are proposed through problem analysis. Finally, three cases with different scales are utilized and six comparison algorithms are selected to illustrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm.

Microstructural, electrical and mechanical characterizations of green-synthesized biocompatible calcium phosphate nanocomposites with morphological hierarchy

The present work reports the development of novel ternary silver-silver phosphate-biphasic calcium phosphate nanocomposites by plant-extract mediated hydrothermal route. Unique epitaxial morphological growth of the Ag–Ag3PO4 core-shell structure influences the internal grain-grain boundary arrangement. The green-assisted development of the constituent phases helps significant biocompatibility enhancement (∼89–93% for 50 μg/mL; 72 h). Hence long-term bone-replacement purposes and polar fluid osmosis are favorable due to higher cell attachment on the rough surface of the mesoporous nanocomposites. The heterogeneous attachment between the three phases creates defect states indicating intense interfacial polarization, as elucidated by the dielectric spectroscopic studies. The surface charge essential for bone regeneration is likely to be developed. Besides, the porous nanocomposite compacts exhibit superior phase-composition-dependent mechanical (Hardness ∼1.3 GPa; load 4.9 N) and dielectric properties (permittivity ∼1.2 × 103; 200 Hz, 613 K) helping in conduction through bones. Thus the green-synthesized ternary nanocomposites exhibit the essential aspects of a promising bone-implant material.

Goodbye Expert-Based Policy Advice? Challenges in Advising Governmental Institutions in Times of Transformation

The global transformation towards sustainability has not only increased the demand for anticipatory and reflexive knowledge to support decision making, but also raises three challenges common to all forms of scientific policy advice: to appropriately consider societal norms and values (challenge of normativity), to integrate different forms of knowledge (challenge of integration) and to organize the participation of stakeholders (challenge of participation). While new forms of scientific policy advice in the field of sustainability research (SR) have emerged in response, the role of established actors such as the Office of Technology Assessment at the German Bundestag (TAB) is increasingly scrutinized. One of the fundamental characteristics of TAB’s model of scientific policy advice is a rigid boundary arrangement between politics and science that places a high value on the objectivity and authority of scientific knowledge. Based on a content analysis of digitalization-related TAB reports spanning three decades, we describe how a rather technocratic institution such as TAB has dealt with the challenges of normativity, integration, and participation, and we compare its approach with that of SR institutions. TAB has partly adapted its working mode to the new challenges, e.g., by trying out new methods to foster a stronger dialogue with stakeholders. However, TAB’s response to the challenges distinctly differs from the forms of transformative research conducted in the SR community. We argue that this is not only a necessary precondition to maintain its reputation as a trustworthy actor towards the Parliament but gives TAB and similar expert-based institutions a special role in the governance of societal transformation.

Effect of magnetic field on heat transfer from a channel: Nanofluid flow and porous layer arrangement

Due to the high number of porous media applications in industries, the demands for analyzing the porous medium's flow and heat transfer are rising every day. The present research intends to evaluate the impact of porous media, nanofluid, and magnetic field on heat transfer of a circular channel. Two typical porous arrangements are considered: central configuration and boundary configuration. It is of interest to know the impact of porosity, thickness, permeability, and thermal conductivity ratio in porous media. The working fluid, nanoparticles and porous medium are water, CuO and steel foam, respectively. The results reveal that the heat transfer rate in the central arrangement is more than the boundary arrangement. When the non-dimensional thickness of the porous media is 0.8 in the central arrangement, the heat transfer rate is at its peak. Simultaneously, the minimum happens when the non-dimensional thickness is set to 0.6 in the boundary arrangement. Applying nanofluid and increasing the volume fraction will improve the heat transfer rate. The average heat transfer coefficient is increased when the magnetic field is applied up to the intensity of 0.5 T. Additionally, the maximum heat transfer enhancement is achieved when the thickness is 0.6 in boundary arrangement in the case of applying the magnetic field, which is estimated to be 3–5% more. Modifying the shape of the porous media in the boundary arrangement decreases the heat transfer rate about 7–21%, depending on the shape compared to a homogeneous boundary porous.

The impact of the variability of parameters related to transport costs and parcel shape on land reallocation results

Land reallocation is a time-consuming but vital stage of land-consolidation projects, hence the many attempts to automate and optimize this process. Transport costs related to distances from parcels to farm buildings and costs related to areas and shapes of parcels reduce the profitability of agricultural production. These factors are taken into consideration in some of land reallocation algorithms as separate, independent parameters.The objective of the study was to demonstrate that it is possible to simplify the optimization of land reallocation with a single, dimensionless parameter, a ratio of costs related to the shape and area of a parcel to transport costs. The linear programming method employed uses binary variables, making it a heuristic research method. The optimization model considers several additional conditions to reflect actual land-consolidation projects better: the result of interviews with landowners; equal holding values before and after reallocation; the reduction of the average distance to parcels.The study has demonstrated how the variability of the proposed parameter affects results of optimization in the form of an objective function of the parcel area, shape, and distance to buildings. The proposed modification improves the versatility of the land reallocation model as it allows the researcher to employ a single parameter, which may vary in time, by region, by initial land fragmentation parameters, or changes in farming inputs prices, including fuel and labour. The results proved that very high variability of the examined parameter translates into no more than 10% increase in the value of the objective function in relation to its minimal, optimal value. The research has demonstrated that it is sufficient to assume a specific ratio of costs related to parcel shape to transport costs to devise a proposal of an optimal boundary arrangement for given economic conditions and area.

PARTISIPASI PEMUDA DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN DI DESA KAHAYYA KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

This study aims to analyze the level of youth participation in community forest (HKm) management, analyze the driving forces and restraining forces of youth participation in community forest management and formulate strategies for increasing youth participation in community forest management. The data obtained were identified and reviewed in the form of a frequency table of Arnstein's degree of involvement, then analyzed descriptively by the Forces Field Analysis and Focus Group Discussion methods. The results showed the level of youth participation was at the degree of non-participation, with a percentage of 71.43%. The factors that encourage youth participation consist of the group facilitator, group meetings, work plan documents, assistance from various parties, the formation of the Social Forestry Business Group (KUPS), and the desire of youth to participate. The factors that inhibit youth participation consist of: lack of youth knowledge in managing community forest, not yet implementing work boundary arrangement activities, youth are not involved in the process of making work plans, and community forest implementation is still carried out individually, the farming experience is still lacking, lack of group capital makes the price of raw materials unstable. An appropriate strategy for increasing youth participation in the management of community forest consists of Conducting meetings involving facilitator, farmer groups and youth to discuss the implementation of management activities (planning, implementation & evaluation) of the community forest-conduct socialization and meetings regarding the contents of the community forest documents that have been made. Make internal group rules regarding product sales prices. Enhance the role of KUPS and conduct training for KUPS administrators to increase their capacity. Youth participate in various types of training conducted by government and non-government organizations (NGOs).

Microstructure analysis of electrospun La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 nanowires using electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)

The microstructural properties of electrospun La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSMO) nanofibers were investigated using electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). By means of EBSD, it is possible to measure the crystallographic orientation of the LSMO grains within an individual nanofiber. As the LSMO grains within the nanofibers are in the 10-nm range, we employ here parts of the recently developed transmission Kikuchi diffraction technique in order to enhance the Kikuchi pattern quality to enable an automated mapping of the crystallographic data. The diffraction results demonstrate that the grain orientation is not random, but there is a texture induced by the shape of the polymer nanofiber formed after the electrospinning step. Within an individual nanofiber section, the dominating grain boundaries are high-angle ones, which play an important role in the current flow through the sample (low- and high field magnetoresistance). The data obtained allow further an analysis of the grain shape aspect ratio, and elucidate the grain and grain boundary arrangement within electrospun LSMO nanofibers.

Pinning characteristics in the step boundary arrangement of high-temperature superconductors

Pinning characteristics in the step boundary arrangement of high-temperature superconductors

PENGUKUHAN KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG BUKIT PANTI KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

The purpose of this study was to find out about the inauguration of a mountain hill protected forest area and identify land cover in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The results of the study showed that the area of the protected mountainside of the panti hill had changed because at the time of the implementation of the boundary arrangement in the field there were rights of third parties in the form of settlements so that the area was excluded from the area. The attitude of the community around the forest area agrees and welcomes the existence of protected forest areas. Closure of land in the form of dry land agriculture mixed with bushes, plantations, oil palm, shrubs and rubber.Keywords: Boundaries; forest

A model revealing grain boundary arrangement-dominated fatigue cracking behavior in nanoscale metallic multilayers

Abstract

Nanocrystalline Mg80Y4Ni8Cu8 alloy with sub-10 nm microstructure and excellent hydrogen storage cycling stability prepared by nanocrystallization

Nanostructure is effective for improvement of the sluggish hydrogenation kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys. However, preparation of homogeneous and fine nanocrystalline alloys is still difficult especially using the traditional physical-metallurgy methods. The present work reports that homogeneous and ultra-fine microstructure in which spherical Mg2Cu and Mg2Ni grains with size smaller than 10 nm can be prepared by nanocrystallization of an amorphous Mg80Y4Ni8Cu8 alloy. Formation of the ultra-fine microstructure is attributed to the simultaneous nucleation of Mg2Cu, Mg2Ni and Y2MgNi2 at quite low temperature and usual existence of well-matched boundary characters. The crystallized Mg80Y4Ni8Cu8 alloy absorbs 4 wt % H2 with fast hydrogen absorption kinetics and presents excellent cycling stability that the capacity retention reaches to 92% after 100 gas-solid cycles. The result enlightens the possibility that further refinement and stabilization of Mg-based nanocrystalline alloys by optimization of the crystallization kinetics, phase constitution and boundary arrangement.

Evaluation of improvement strategies of grain structure properties in high performance multi-crystalline silicon ingots

High performance multi-crystalline silicon (HPM-Si) for the use in photovoltaics is characterized by a very fine grain structure and a high content of random grain boundaries, finally resulting in a low dislocation density and consequently in a high material quality. Typically, the grain size increases and the fraction of random grain boundaries decreases over ingot height due to annihilation mechanisms, especially in the first 150 mm. One approach for further material improvement is to further increase the initial random grain boundary fraction and to maintain it as high as possible over the complete ingot height.In this work, several theoretical approaches to achieve these points were evaluated by experiments in G1 scale. Firstly, the influence of the silicon seeding material on the initial grain structure was investigated regarding the effect of extremely fine Si particles in the µm to nm range and the bulk density of the particle layer. Secondly, the effect of the initial geometrical grain boundary arrangement in the seed layer was evaluated. For that purpose, special seed alignments similar to the Quasimono approach were tested. Finally, the process parameter growth rate was varied in a wide range to investigate its influence on the evolution of the grain boundaries during growth.The results show that the optimum for the initial random grain boundary fraction is already reached by the existing methods/commonly used seed materials. Concerning the decrease of the random grain boundary fraction over ingot height, some technical aspects were identified which are able to keep the amount of random grain boundaries at a high level. However, the practical realization within an industrial setup might be difficult.

Predicting Illusory Contours Without Extracting Special Image Features.

Boundary completion is one of the desired properties of a robust object boundary detection model, since in real-word images the object boundaries are commonly not fully and clearly seen. An extreme example of boundary completion occurs in images with illusory contours, where the visual system completes boundaries in locations without intensity gradient. Most illusory contour models extract special image features, such as L and T junctions, while the task is known to be a difficult issue in real-world images. The proposed model uses a functional optimization approach, in which a cost value is assigned to any boundary arrangement to find the arrangement with minimal cost. The functional accounts for basic object properties, such as alignment with the image, object boundary continuity, and boundary simplicity. The encoding of these properties in the functional does not require special features extraction, since the alignment with the image only requires extraction of the image edges. The boundary arrangement is represented by a border ownership map, holding object boundary segments in discrete locations and directions. The model finds multiple possible image interpretations, which are ranked according to the probability that they are supposed to be perceived. This is achieved by using a novel approach to represent the different image interpretations by multiple functional local minima. The model is successfully applied to objects with real and illusory contours. In the case of Kanizsa illusion the model predicts both illusory and real (pacman) image interpretations. The model is a proof of concept and is currently restricted to synthetic gray-scale images with solid regions.

Lateral Membrane Heterogeneity Regulates Viral-Induced Membrane Fusion during HIV Entry.

Sphingomyelin- and cholesterol- enriched membrane domains, commonly referred to as “rafts” play a crucial role in a large number of intra- and intercellular processes. Recent experiments suggest that not only the volumetric inhomogeneity of lipid distribution in rafts, but also the arrangement of the 1D boundary between the raft and the surrounding membrane is important for the membrane-associated processes. The reason is that the boundary preferentially recruits different peptides, such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) fusion peptide. In the present work, we report a theoretical investigation of mechanisms of influence of the raft boundary arrangement upon virus-induced membrane fusion. We theoretically predict that the raft boundary can act as an attractor for viral fusion peptides, which preferentially distribute into the vicinity of the boundary, playing the role of ‘line active components’ of the membrane (‘linactants’). We have calculated the height of the fusion energy barrier and demonstrated that, in the case of fusion between HIV membrane and the target cell, presence of the raft boundary in the vicinity of the fusion site facilitates fusion. The results we obtained can be further generalized to be applicable to other enveloped viruses.

Geometrization of ferruginous quartzite massifs based on geological and structural mapping results and improvement of deposit GIM (the case of Skelyuvatsk deposit)

The purpose of the paper is to develop generalized methods of ferruginous quartzite massifs geometrization based on the results of geological and structural mapping. The main objective is to improve the geological and industrial model (GIM) of the fields in Kryvbas region on the whole and Skelyuvatsk deposit in part.For methodology development of ferruginous quartzite massifs geometrization GIM Skelyuvatsk deposit has been developed based on the results of geological and structural mapping and the comparative analysis of the existing GIM used at the enterprise has been carried out.The comparative analysis has showed that GIM developed on the basis of the geological and structural mapping data is more advanced and informative. The use of geological and structural data for the development of GIM reduces the relative error in the calculation of ore reserves, increases the effectiveness of geometrization of ferruginous quartzite massifs and demonstrates geological structure of the region with the simulation of the productive layer boundaries, contacts of rocks and the internal structure of Skelyuvatsk deposit.Scientific novelty is in the development of the new GIM of Skelyuvatsk deposit with consideration of geological and structural mapping data.Practical relevance of the research. The use of the obtained GIM on the basis of the geological and structural mapping data increases the efficiency of geological profile forecast and the information required for finding the solution to stability of an open-pit sides within a final pit boundary and rational arrangement of drill holes in a large-scale blast plan during the development of open-pit benches in a designed position.

A model for the microstructure behaviour and strength evolution in lath martensite

A new model describing the microstructure and strength of lath martensite is introduced. The packet and block size were found to linearly depend on the prior-austenite grain size when introducing relevant crystallographic and geometric relationships of their hierarchical arrangements. A mechanism for the lath boundary arrangement within a block is postulated to ensure complete carbon redistribution to the lath boundaries. Accordingly, the dislocation density is obtained by considering the lattice distortion energy within a lath being equal to the strain energy of the dislocation density at the lath boundaries. Tempering effects are introduced by estimating the extent of carbon diffusing away from the lath boundaries; this mechanism relaxes the Cottrell atmospheres of lath dislocations and coarsens the boundaries. The yield stress as well as the microstructure evolution during tempering are successfully predicted by combining these results. The model is further extended to describe the yield stress in dual-phase steel microstructures by employing the iso-work principle. The model predictions are validated against experimental data in seven martensitic and five dual-phase steels, where the prior-austenite grain size, carbon content, tempering conditions and martensite volume fraction are employed as input. These results cover wide composition, initial microstructure and tempering conditions.

Recent Developments in Material Microstructure: a Theory of Coarsening

ABSTRACTCellular networks are ubiquitous in nature. Most engineered materials are polycrystalline microstructures composed of a myriad of small grains separated by grain boundaries, thus comprising cellular networks. The recently discovered grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) is an empirical distribution of the relative length (in 2D) or area (in 3D) of interface with a given lattice misorientation and normal. During the coarsening, or growth, process, an initially random grain boundary arrangement reaches a steady state that is strongly correlated to the interfacial energy density. In simulation, if the given energy density depends only on lattice misorientation, then the steady state GBCD and the energy are related by a Boltzmann distribution. This is among the simplest non-random distributions, corresponding to independent trials with respect to the energy. Why does such simplicity emerge from such complexity? Here we describe an entropy based theory which suggests that the evolution of the GBCD satisfies a Fokker-Planck Equation, an equation whose stationary state is a Boltzmann distribution.

INFLUENCE OF COLUMNAR GRAINS ON THE COLD ROLLING TEXTURE EVOLUTION IN Fe--3%Si ELECTRICAL STEEL

Columnar grains exist in nearly all cast slabs of Fe-3%Si electrical steels,their morphological and crystallographic anisotropies strongly influence the microstructure and texture evolution during following hot rolling,cold rolling and final annealing.This work investigates the rolling texture and microstructure of the specimens with columnar grains initially arranged along different directions by means of XRD and EBSD techniques,and the effects of columnar grain boundaries are analyzed.The results show that at intermediate rolling reduction,all three types of specimens show to different extents the inheritance of {001} texture,or in other words,they prevent effectively the formation of {111} texture.The {001} texture is strongly retained in ND specimen (with initial columnar grains' longitudinal axis being along normal direction) and TD specimen(with initial columnar grains' longitudinal axis being along transverse direction),whereas {111}112 texture is the strongest in RD specimen(with initial columnar grains' longitudinal axis being along rolling direction).In addition,rotated cube and {111}110 textures develop in TD specimen.All three types of specimens demonstrate an orientation rotation path from cube {001}100 over 20°rotated cube {001}130 to {113}251,which is in contrast to the conventional rotation path fromαfiber toγfiber in equiaxed polycrystalline electrical steels.In spite of the significant difference in grain boundary arrangement in the three types of specimens,their influence on texture formation is limited because of the large grain sizes and the influence is mainly related with initial orientations. To understand rolling texture evolution of columnar grain specimens is of great significance in the development of new type electrical steels with strong {001} texture.