Boundary Of Inclusion Research Articles

Belonging for People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities: Pushing the Boundaries of Inclusion

Belonging for People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities: Pushing the Boundaries of Inclusion

Структура и особенности программного комплекса для геофизических геометрических 3D-инверсий

The structure and features of a software package for 3D inversion of geophysical data are considered. The presented software package is focused on solving direct and inverse problems of electrical exploration and engineering geophysics. In addition to the parameters that determine physical properties of the medium, the software package allows you to restore the geometry parameters of the geophysical model, namely layer reliefs and boundaries of three-dimensional inclusions. The inclusions can be in the form of arbitrary hexagons or prisms with a polygonal base. The software package consists of four main subsystems: an interface, subsystems for solving direct and inverse problems, and a client-server part for performing calculations on remote computing nodes. The graphical interface consists of geophysicist-oriented pre- and postprocessor modules that allow you to describe the problem and present the results of its solution in user-friendly terms. To solve direct problems, the finite element method and the technology for dividing the field into normal and anomalous components are used. At the same time, special methods of discretization of the computational domain are used, which make it possible to take into account both the complex three-dimensional structure of the environment and the presence of man-made objects (wells) in the computational domain. To increase the efficiency of solving direct problems, nonconforming grids with cells in the form of arbitrary hexahedrons are used. Methods for efficient calculation of derivatives (with respect to these parameters) necessary for solving inverse problems by the Gauss-Newton method are also described for the geometry parameters. The main idea for efficient derivatives computation is to identify the effect of changing the value of the parameter (used to compute the value of the generalized derivative) on the problem. The main actions performed by the subsystem for solving inverse problems and the features associated with the processing of geometry parameters are described.

How Legacies of Geopolitical Trauma Shape Popular Nationalism Today

Geopolitical competition and conflict play a central role in canonical accounts of the emergence of nation-states and national identities. Yet work in this tradition has paid little attention to variation in everyday, popular understandings of nationhood. We propose a macro-historical argument to explain cross-national variation in the types of popular nationalism expressed at the individual level. Our analysis builds on recent advances on the measurement of popular nationalism and a recently introduced geopolitical threat scale (Hiers, Soehl, and Wimmer 2017). With the use of latent class analysis and a series of regression models, we show that a turbulent geopolitical past decreases the prevalence of liberal nationalism (pride in institutions, inclusive boundaries) while increasing the prevalence of restrictive nationalism (less pride in institutions, exclusive boundaries) across 43 countries around the world. Additional analyses suggest the long-term development of institutions is a key mediating variable: states with a less traumatic geopolitical history tend to have more established liberal democratic institutions, which in turn foster liberal forms of popular nationalism.

“ENCLOSURES WITH INCLUSION” VIS-À-VIS “BOUNDARIES” IN ANCIENT MEXICO

AbstractRecent in-depth research on the Nahua Corpus Xolotl, as well as on a large variety of compatible sources, has led to new insights on what were “boundaries” in preconquest Nahua thought. The present article proposes that our modern Western concept of borders and political boundaries was foreign to ancient Mexican societies and to Aztec-era polities in general. Consequently, the article aims to add a novel angle to our understanding of the notions of space, territoriality, and limits in the indigenous worldview in central Mexico during preconquest times, and their repercussions for the internal social and political relations that evolved within the Nahua-Acolhua ethnic states (altepetl). Furthermore, taking its cue from the Corpus Xolotl, the article reconsiders the validity of ethnic entities and polities in ancient Mexico and claims that many of these polities were ethnic and territorial amalgams, in which components of ethnic outsiders formed internal enclaves and powerbases. I argue that in ancient Mexico one is able to observe yet another kind of conceptualization of borders/frontiers: “enclosures with inclusion,” which served as the indigenous concept of porous and inclusive boundaries, well up to the era of the formation of the so-called Triple Alliance, and beyond.

In situ near-field microwave characterization and quantitative evaluation of phase change inclusion in honeycomb composites

Inclusions are common threats for honeycomb composites. Conventional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods mainly focused on inclusions in a specific phase state, while little attention has been paid to phase change inclusions under different service conditions. Herein, we conducted in situ detections of a phase change paraffin inclusion in honeycomb sandwich panels at different temperatures with a near-field microwave method. The scanning amplitude and phase images of subwavelength core cells and inclusions were obtained with super-resolution. The paraffin inclusion (melting point, 58°C) was characterized with a large amplitude decrease and phase delay in both the solid and liquid phases. Besides, the liquid paraffin inclusion at 100°C presented a whole shift of amplitude increase and phase decrease relative to the solid phase at 20°C. The boundaries of the phase change inclusion were accurately characterized using a characteristic peak method (CPM) with relative errors less than 0.5%. In summary, the near-field microwave method is feasible and effective for super-resolution detection and quantitative evaluation of phase change inclusions under varied service conditions.

Stress and deformation induced in layered media by cylindrical thermo-poro-elastic sources: An application to Campi Flegrei (Italy)

In recent literature thermo-poro-elastic (TPE) inclusions are proposed to contribute to deformation and stress in volcanic and hydrothermal areas. With respect to previous works, the present study implements the modeling improvements requested for a more realistic description of a TPE source and the embedding medium. Firstly we propose a numerical method to represent inclusions with an arbitrary geometry. In the case of cylindrical-shaped sources, the proposed approach allows us to study the effects of the source thickness on both deformation and stress fields. Moreover, we are allowed to consider depth dependent pore pressure and temperature changes within the inclusion, as expected during the transient stage of hot fluid propagation. Secondly, we take into account elastic stratification of the crust, in order to perform unbiased inversion of ground deformation data. The inversion of geodetic data collected during the 1982–84 unrest episode in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), performed in a layered elastic medium, leads to a lower misfit and a deeper deformation source with respect to the one obtained inverting data in a homogeneous half-space. Furthermore, the geometry and location of the thermo-poro-elastic inclusion retrieved from the inversion in the layered medium leads to a shear stress distribution in good agreement with the relocated seismicity observed at Campi Flegrei. Most hypocenters are found to be located near and inside the TPE inclusion boundaries, where the greatest shear stress is predicted. With respect to previous works we also found that vertical gradients of pore pressure and temperature and elastic layering can promote both normal and thrust earthquakes within the inclusion.

English

The goal of this paper is to present a different approach to the homogenization of the Dirichlet boundary value problem in porous medium. Unlike the standard energy method or the method of two-scale convergence, this approach is not based on the weak formulation of the problem but on the very weak formulation. To illustrate the method and its advantages we treat the stationary, incompressible Navier-Stokes system with the non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition in periodic porous medium. The nonzero velocity trace on the boundary of a solid inclusion yields a non-standard addition to the source term in the Darcy law. In addition, the homogenized model is not incompressible.

Negotiating Assimilation and Hybridity

Abstract This paper explores the ways in which Bruneians who are born into a Chinese-Malay family define their identity, how the state classifies them in terms of “race,” how they negotiate their bicultural practices, and what challenges they face while growing up in the liminal space of inbetweenness. Considering the hegemonic force of assimilation enforced by various state apparatuses, the article critically discusses the ways in which Chinese-Malays negotiate the space between assimilation and hybridity. By examining the experience of between and betwixt among these biracial subjects, the article alludes to the different forces that define the boundaries of exclusion and inclusion, belonging and non-belonging in Brunei Darussalam.

О предельных переходах в пространственных задачах гомогенизации двухкомпонентных диэлектрических композитов с экстремальными модулями одной из фаз

The spatial problem of calculating the effective permittivity of two-component composite, consisting of a base material filling a spherical layer and one spherical inclusion, is considered. The homogenization problem is solved by effective moduli method with calculation of the energy characteristics in the composite medium and in its individual phases. In the obtained solution, the limit transitions are made for two extreme cases: pores or inclusions with zero dielectric constant and conductive inclusions with infinitely high dielectric constant. The solutions of these problems are compared with the solutions of homogenization problems for a medium with void and for a medium with conductive inclusion boundary. In problems with one basic material, the properties of inclusions were taken into account only by the corresponding boundary conditions on the interface. It is shown that calculations of the effective permittivity by energy criterion give correct results in all the cases considered, while the calculations by the average permittivity for a composite with a conductive inclusion boundary may be erroneous.

Piecewise constant level-set enhanced active shape reconstruction for electrical impedance tomography

To accurately access the quantitative information of industrial and biomedical processes, a piecewise constant level-set enhanced inclusion boundary reconstruction (PLBR) method is proposed for EIT. The target inclusion boundaries are parameterized by a parametric active contour joint piecewise constant level set model. An augmented least square approach is presented to simultaneously estimate the unknown boundary and conductivity parameters from the EIT voltage data. Compared with the other active shape reconstruction methods of EIT, the PLBR does not need to know the number of target inclusion and the number of conductivity phases, thus owns wider applications. The numerical and experiential results from a tank model with both single- and multi-phase conductivity further proved the topological robustness and shape reconstruction accuracy of the proposed method.

Limit transitions in plane homogenization problems for two-phase dielectric composites with extreme material properties of one phase

The plane problem of calculating the effective dielectric constant of two-phase composite consisting of main material with one circular inclusion is considered. To solve the homogenization problem, the method of effective moduli with the support of the energy balance between the composite and the homogeneous comparison medium was used. In the solution obtained, the passage to the limit was made for the case of an inclusion with zero dielectric constant and for the case of a conductive inclusion. The limiting solutions are compared with the solutions of homogenization problems for a medium with a hollow and for a medium with a conducting inclusion boundary.

Novel existence techniques on the generalized \u03c6-Caputo fractional inclusion boundary problem

Our basic purpose is to derive several existence aspects of solutions for a novel class of the fractional inclusion problem in terms of the well-defined generalized φ-Caputo and φ-Riemann–Liouville operators. The existing boundary conditions in such an inclusion problem are endowed with mixed generalized φ-Riemann–Liouville conditions. To reach this goal, we utilize the analytical methods on α-ψ-contractive maps and multifunctions involving approximate endpoint specification to derive the required results. In the final part, we formulate an illustrative simulation example to examine obtained theoretical outcomes by computationally and numerically.

Two-dimensional critical systems with mixed boundary conditions: Exact Ising results from conformal invariance and boundary-operator expansions.

With conformal-invariance methods, Burkhardt, Guim, and Xue studied the critical Ising model, defined on the upper half plane y>0 with different boundary conditions a and b on the negative and positive x axes. For ab=-+ and f+, they determined the one- and two-point averages of the spin σ and energy ε. Here +,-, and f stand for spin-up, spin-down, and free-spin boundaries, respectively. The case +-+-+⋯, where the boundary condition switches between + and - at arbitrary points, ζ_{1},ζ_{2},⋯ on the x axis was also analyzed. In the first half of this paper a similar study is carried out for the alternating boundary condition +f+f+⋯ and the case -f+ of three different boundary conditions. Exact results for the one- and two-point averages of σ,ε, and the stress tensor T are derived with conformal-invariance methods. From the results for 〈T〉, the critical Casimir interaction with the boundary of a wedge-shaped inclusion is derived for mixed boundary conditions. In the second half of the paper, arbitrary two-dimensional critical systems with mixed boundary conditions are analyzed with boundary-operator expansions. Two distinct types of expansions-away from switching points of the boundary condition and at switching points-are considered. Using the expansions, we express the asymptotic behavior of two-point averages near boundaries in terms of one-point averages. We also consider the strip geometry with mixed boundary conditions and derive the distant-wall corrections to one-point averages near one edge due to the other edge. Finally we confirm the consistency of the predictions obtained with conformal-invariance methods and with boundary-operator expansions, in the the first and second halves of the paper.

Governing safety through the politics of community? A governmentality analysis of the practice of ‘safety walks’ in three Swedish cities

ABSTRACT In Sweden, ‘safety walks’ are a well-established planning practice for improving safety. They involve citizens and local authorities evaluating public spaces in terms of safety. Building on observations, interviews and policy materials, this paper examines safety walks from a governmentality perspective. Our analysis shows that, through the governing techniques employed in the walks, safety problems are rendered technical, auditable and governable, while becoming disconnected from the social and political. Furthermore, the participatory rationale of the walks serves to produce self-governing communities, who are responsible for managing their own safety, while risking the reinforcement of boundaries of inclusion and exclusion within the imagined ‘safe community’.

Supershape Recovery From Electrical Impedance Tomography Data

The idea of accounting for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a priori</i> shape information is gaining increasing levels of interest and traction in the electrical impedance tomography (EIT) reconstruction. A supershape-based reconstruction approach is proposed for EIT. We begin by assuming that the conductivity profile to be reconstructed in the measured domain is piecewise constant distributed. Using this formulation, the image reconstruction problem is transformed into a shape reconstruction problem. The inclusion boundary (e.g., interface between the inclusion and the background) to be estimated is treated as a supershape and expressed through a single equation—the so-called super formula. We illustrate the performance of the proposed approach using synthetic and experimental water tank data. In addition, robustness studies considering different regularization types ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> norms), varying noise levels and different initial settings are tested of the proposed approach. Four evaluation matrices relative size coverage ratio (RCR), structural similarity index (SSIM), relative contrast (RCo), and correlation coefficient (CC) are used to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the supershape-based method leads to reliable and robust reconstructions and improves the ability to simultaneously reconstruct objects with smooth boundaries and/or sharp features. The proposed approach provides an excellent opportunity for the shape reconstruction framework to express a wide variety of shapes, including geometric primitives. Supershapes can simply represent regular polygons and natural shapes with various symmetries while maintaining a parametric representation.

A Queer Enough Love: Gwendolyn Brooks's "Women, Yes"

This article locates what I call a "queer enough" orientation to and love of ordinary life in two of Gwendolyn Brooks's early works, Annie Allen (1949) and Maud Martha (1953), which have yet to be examined as a pair. Far from queering Brooks's two alliteratively-named Black women characters (Annie Allen and Maud Martha), or re-describing them by way of an existing understanding of the "queer" as broadly marginal, excessive, and opposed to normal life, I read for what we have not thought to recognize as queer at all in their domestic, unheroic, and at times impoverished lives. Brooks's characters, I argue, are not queer in the possessive sense of bearing a non-normative erotic and/or sexual identity, and they are not, on this same basis, straight. A nuanced account of Brooks's ordinary heroines, I argue, demands not only that we further stretch the boundaries of inclusion for the queer, but also that we question our investments in a queerness rendered legible by sexual alterity as much as by resistance to the normative.

In and Against the Image of Our Ancestors: Language, Leadership, and Sovereignty in the 2014 Navajo Nation Presidential Election Controversy

In 2014, Joe Shirley, Jr. and Christopher L. Clark Deschene secured the first and second place positions, respectively, in the Navajo Nation presidential elections by defeating fifteen other candidates. Ten days into the general election race, Deschene's campaign was thwarted when two former candidates, Hank Whitethorne and Dale E. Tsosie, filed grievances with the Navajo Nation Office of Hearings and Appeals claiming that Deschene did not meet the language fluency requirement outlined in the election code. A critical moment in the controversy was the Supreme Court of the Navajo Nation's October 9 ruling that language fluency was a reasonable regulation of the candidate's right to political liberty. Months later, Deschene was eventually removed from the ballot. This article examines the critical discourse within and around the October 9, 2014 Supreme Court ruling to illustrate the ways language, identity, and leadership are discursively and legally constituted among Diné people. This study shows how the debates about leadership, language, and identity factor into Dinéness and the shared concern with enactments of sovereignty to secure a Diné future. This article demonstrates how tribal sovereignty is closely tied to the colonial mandate of eliminating Indigenous peoples, especially in the Supreme Court's deployment of tradition to create and enforce boundaries of inclusion and exclusion.

Journalists as Media Educators: Journalistic Media Education as Inclusive Boundary Work

ABSTRACT This article locates media literacy both theoretically and empirically in the public practices carried out by journalists and journalistic actors in the case of Finland. In the theoretical section, the paper discusses the activities under the frameworks of non-formal education and strategic audience development as part of media organisations’ work. In the empirical section, central journalistic actors and their typical best practices are identified. These activities are grouped into three categories: media education on, in and via journalism. It is found that the initiatives aimed at promoting journalistic media education can be seen as focusing on a specific form of journalism literacy in which drawing the boundaries of journalism and non-journalism is a distinguished feature. The paper concludes by suggesting that demarcating journalistic media education as a separate field within the media literacy framework helps to identify media education as more incorporated in media organisations’ functions and promotes the development of this field in its own right.

Unique solvability of an equilibrium problem for a Kirchhoff-Love plate with a crack along the boundary of a flat rigid inclusion

A new model of an equilibrium problem for a Kirchhoff-Love plate with a flat cylindrical rigid inclusion and an interfacial crack is considered. As in previous works, we consider a rigid inclusion defined with the help of a cylindrical surface, but unlike the known models relating to the crack theory, we suppose that traces of derivatives of vertical displacements (deflections) satisfy certain boundary conditions. These conditions determine constant angles of normal fibers along an entire flat cylindrical inclusion. The interfacial crack is located on the boundary of the rigid inclusion. A condition of mutual non-penetration of opposite crack faces is given as an inequality on the crack curve. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution for this variational problem.

Electrohydraulic technology of mineral disclosure

The technology of mineral disclosure, based on the electrohydraulic effect, allows splitting the host rock along inhomogeneities, i.e. along the boundaries of inclusions of particles of useful minerals, leaving the degree of grinding within the limits of economic feasibility. The aim of the study was the experimental development of electro-hydraulic technology for energy-saving selective disintegration of finely disseminated ores of complex mineral raw materials. Research was conducted using a specially designed laboratory setup. As objects of research, previously crushed samples of various ores were used. The subject of the study was the process of the discovery of minerals from the action of factors of the electrohydraulic effect. Approaches to the calculated determination of electrical parameters that provide a high degree of mineral disclosure are described. As a result of a series of experiments on the discovery of minerals, the high efficiency of the proposed technology was confirmed.