Bougainvillea Research Articles

Potential antioxidant and hypoglycaemic effect of the flower extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (Nyctaginaceae)

The study evaluated the antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potentials of the ethanol flower extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis . Flower extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis were obtained by cold maceration method. The preliminary phytochemical screening and hypoglycaemic effect were carried out using standard methods. Antioxidant screening was carried out using DPPH antioxidant assay test. Five rats were used for each group; normal control, standard control, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. doses of the crude ethanol flower extract of B. spectabilis to test the hypoglycaemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels were measured at different time intervals. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, strerols, terpenoids, flavonoids, and carbohydrates. The crude ethanol fraction demonstrated least antioxidant activity while the chloroform fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity followed by the hexane fraction. The ethanol flower extract showed a significant dose dependent hypoglyceamic effect after 24 hours of administration. Of the doses tested, highest hypoglycaemic effect was observed by the ethanol flower extract of the dose 400 mg/kg at 24 hours. The findings revealed that non-polar fractions have more antioxidant activity than the polar fractions while the ethanol flower extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis possesses a delayed hypoglycaemic effect.

Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Bunga Bougainvillea glabra dan Uji Potensi Tabir Surya dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV Vis

Telah dilakukan penelitian potensi ekstrak bunga bugenvil sebagai tabir surya dalam sediaan gel. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji kandungan kimia bungan bugenvil, menguji potensi tabir surya ekstrak bunga bugenvil dan formulasi dalam sediaan gel menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan, ekstrak bunga bugenvil memiliki kandungan kimia yang merupakan golongan saponin, steroid, alkaloid, dan polifenol. Ekstrak bunga bugenvil memiliki nilai SPF tertinggi pada konsenterasi 1,5 % yaitu sebesar 16,96 dan dikategorikan memiliki daya proteksi sedang. Sediaan gel memiliki pH berada dalam kisaran 7 sampai 7,4, merupakan pH yang dapat diterima kulit. Selain itu gel memiliki viskositas pada kisaran 1.011.657 cP sampai 1.180.781 cP. Formula dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 1% merupakan formula yang memiliki viskositas tertinggi. Penambahan dan pengurangan konsentrasi ekstrak dari 1% pada sediaan gel menyebabkan penurunan viskositas. Sediaan memiliki daya sebar berkisar antara 17,60 sampai 29,23 cm2 pada kisaran tersebut gel mudah diaplikasikan pada kulit. Sediaan gel memiliki nilai SPF tertinggi pada formula keempat dengan konsenterasi ekstrak sebesar 1,5% menghasilkan nilai SPF sebesar 28,77 dengan kategori proteksi sedang.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Bougainvillea × buttiana (Var. Orange) extract in experimental Bothrops jararaca envenomation

Background: Bougainvillea x buttiana is a plant used in folk Mexican medicine to treat different inflammatory diseases. Objective: In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of B. x buttiana orange extract (BxbO) was evaluated on edema formation, cytokine production, and lethality in mice in response to venom of Bothrops jararaca (VBj) snake. Materials and Methods: The BxbO extract was tested in vitro to determine its effect on phospholipase A2(PLA2) and in vivo for the formation of edema, the paw edema model was used, as well as the toxicity of the extract and the production of cytokines. Lethality induced by VBj, the survival percentage, was calculated. Results: BxbO extract significantly inhibited in vitro PLA2and in vivo, blocked the edema formation and cytokine production, and prevented lethality induced by VBj. The constituents of BxbO may bind to components of VBj, such as PLA2, thereby blocking the proteolytic action of the venom. In animals treated with BxbO extract injected 1 h after the venom injection, no difference was observed in the cytokine secretion. In contrast, for all mice treated with BxbO extract for 1 h before VBj administration or together with VBj, the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in the serum was attenuated and an exacerbated production anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the presence of the BxbO extract injected 1 h before the VBj injection or together with the VBj injection, mortality was significantly lower. Conclusion: Altogether, our results show that BxbO extract can inhibit the local and systemic activities of VBj. However, new studies are still required to identify the interaction mechanisms between bioactive compounds and cellular components.

不同育性三角梅品种之间的形态、花粉活力、造访昆虫及黄酮醇含量的比较研究

不同育性三角梅品种之间的形态、花粉活力、造访昆虫及黄酮醇含量的比较研究

First report of cucumber mosaic virus infecting bougainvillea Spectabilis, coleus Blumei, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Zinnia Elegans in Iran

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the causal agent of diseases in a wide range of host species, causing important economic losses. In 2012, during a survey in the main ornamental- growing areas of Iran, symptomatic leaf samples from different species of plants were collected and tested by DAS-ELISA using a CMV-specific antiserum. Four CMV isolates were obtained from Bougainvillea spectabilis (CMV-Bo1), Coleus blumei (CMV-Co1), Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (CMV-Ka16) and Zinnia elegans (CMV-Zin2). Mechanical inoculation single- lesion isolates from Chenopodium amaranticolor caused similar symptoms on test plants, except for Vigna unguiculata, in which pinpoint necrotic local lesions were induced by Zin2 and large necrotic lesions by the others. A differential local lesion size in V. unguiculata has previously been reported for CMV isolates of subgroup I or II (Palukaitis and Garcia-Arenal, 2003). Zin2 was differentiated serologically using a set of 11 CMV-specific monoclonal antibodies (DSMZ, Germany). Total RNA extracted from infected Nicotiana benthamiana was used in RT-PCR with primers designed in the coat protein (CP) gene of subgroups I and II (Lin et al., 2004). A product of the expected size (638 bp) was amplified from Zin2A using subgroup II primers, while an amplicon of 657 bp was obtained with subgroup I-specific primers. Amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Multiple alignments of CP gene nucleotide sequences of CMV isolates verified that Zin2 (GenBank accession No. KP662628) belongs to subgroup II, while Bo1, Co1 and Ka16 (KP662629, KP662630, KP455737) belong to subgroup I. In Iran CMV subgroup II isolates have previously been reported from cucumber and hoary cress but, to our knowledge, not from four species presently investigated.

IN-VIVO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-LIPID PEROXIDATION ACTIVITY OF BOUGAINVILLEA GLABRA CHOISY IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Bougainvillea glabra Choisy also known as Glory of the Garden is an ornamental plant. The in-vivo antioxidant activity of hydro alcoholic extract of B. glabra Choisy leaves was evaluated by measuring antioxidant enzymes levels in liver of alloxan induced diabetic rats. The anti-lipid peroxidation activity of the extract was evaluated by hepatic malondialdehyde assay in diabetic rats. The B. glabra extract significantly elevated the depleted levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT and GSH in diabetic rats. Hepatic malondialdehyde level was also significantly reduced in extract fed diabetic rats. This confirms the antioxidant potential of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy leaves. Hence, due to its natural origin and potent free radical scavenging ability, B. glabra extract could be used as a potential preventive intervention for free radical mediated diseases.

Bougainvillea Ringplay by Marion Bethel (review)

Bougainvillea Ringplay by Marion Bethel (review)

Flower Structure and Reproductive Biology of Bougainvillea stipitata (Nyctaginaceae)

Abstract: Bougainvillea stipitata displays inflorescences with three pendant greenish flowers. Flowers open at sunset and last five days. Flower perianth is constricted in the middle and forms a tube that ends in five lobes. Fragrance is emitted by the papillae located on the lobe margins of the perianth. The nectary is located at the base of the staminal tube. It secretes fructose‐dominant nectar with amino acids, phenols and reduced acids. Nectar secretion is continuous during flower lifetime and the flowers do not recover the reward. Mainly moths visit flowers. Pollen load on stigmas indicates that most flowers received more than 50 pollen grains, which are deposited by pollinators within the first two days of the flower life. Although the low natural fruit set of this self‐incompatible species may be due to intraplant pollen flow, pollinators play an essential role for B. stipitata fruit production.