Botanical Approach Research Articles

Exploring Natural Solutions: Botanical Approaches for Controlling Early Blight in Tomato Plants under Laboratory Conditions

Around the world, Alternaria solani is the culprit behind the deadly and devastating early blight of tomatoes. To control the mycelial growth of A. solani in this investigation, a concentration of 10% for each plant extract was examined using the poison food technique. In comparison to the control, the pathogen mycelial growth was greatly suppressed by all examined extracts. With a 90.54% inhibition at 10% concentration, garlic clove extract proved to be the most successful of the extracts. Other extracts that showed promise were neem leaf extract (87.83%), ginger (83.78%), eucalyptus (75.67%), bael (71.67%), onion bulb extract (68.67%), and ashwagandha (63.51%). On the other hand, with a mycelial growth of 35 mm and 52.70% inhibition, lantana proved to be the least successful. After seven days of incubation at 24°C, the chemical fungicide mancozeb proved to be the most effective overall, offering a 93.24% inhibition at a 0.25% dose. Chemicals pose health dangers even though farmers use them extensively to control tomato rot. This study provides useful information for farmers by highlighting appropriate plant extracts as less risky substitutes for treating tomato early blight.

A Review of the effects Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Ajwa dates on several of E. coli producing extended spectrum beta-lactam

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common disease after respiratory problems, it's also the most common infectious disease on a global scale in the field of health. The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli (E. coli) resistance has led to a significant increase in urinary tract infections (UTIs) globally, this has posed a significant challenge. As a result, numerous investigations have been conducted with the goal of exploring botanical approaches to addressing the effects of antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause diseases. Antibiotic resistance presents a formidable and pressing global challenge, requiring urgent and pivotal interventions to mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) produce fruits that are popular throughout the world and are a significant part of the dietary culture in the Middle East. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, dates have a significant role as a crop that's integral to the country's culture and heritage. The Ajwa date variety is distinguished by its elevated sugar content and large amount of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamines. Its unique chemical composition that exhibits the potential to address multiple microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics. Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah is renowned for its production of rare dates exclusive to the region. Among the most famous types of date fruits found in Al-Madinah are Ajwah, Amberah, Majdool, and Safawi. These varieties are highly sought after for their distinct flavors and exceptional quality, contributing to the city's reputation as a hub for premium date production. The purpose of this review was to Study the effect of extracts from Ajwa date seeds on Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase of E. coli strains.

Medicinal herbs in the management of Common Skin disease – Ethno Botanical Approach

The acceptance and appreciation of herbal medicine is rising day by day. One of the significant reasons in growing this significance is the alertness of normal remedies being additional efficient and less dangerous than synthetic drugs. Skin health is imperative aspect of primary health care among many communities, because of the enhance challenge of HIV-AIDS, skin conditions being among the common opportunistic diseases in immune-compromised individuals. India has a rich myths of therapeutic plant on healthcare. A huge number of formulations have been used in India for management of cuts, wounds, burns and various skin disorders. The present review attempts to investigate the ethno botanical information foundation for dealing of various skin diseases. The medicinal plants used in this review are arranged alphabetically followed by family name; parts used and explained the Siddha herbs completely used in the skin disease with references.

Population Trend of Onion Thrips and Its Botanical Approach to Sustainable Management

This research is about onion (Allium cepa L.) which is an important commonly grown vegetable in kitchen gardens and for commercial purposes throughout the globe its crucial. Plant phytochemicals are playing an important role in pest management, and when combined with synthetic pesticides, they increase toxicity due to a synergistic effect. The current study compares effectiveness of Lantana camera leaf extract and its combination with diamethoate 30EC against onion thrips were compared. It has r

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Osteoarthritis

Alternative and Complementary TherapiesVol. 26, No. 5 Free AccessNutritional and Botanical Approaches for OsteoarthritisKhara LuciusKhara LuciusKhara Lucius, ND, FABNO, is a naturopathic doctor at the Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.Search for more papers by this author

Macro and microscopic evaluation of Gmelina arborea Roxb. – A botanical pharmacognostic approach for quality control of raw drug material

Gmelina arborea Roxb. of family Verbenaceae, is one of the highly valued medicinal plant used in numerous traditional medical formulations. It belongs to the ‘Dasamoola’ group of ayurvedic medicinal plants and hence widely exploited. Pharmacognostic techniques involving macroscopic, microscopic and also dry powder analysis serve as botanical methods which help in the correct identification of the crude drug. Leaf constants such as stomatal number, stomatal index, vein islet number, vein termination number also have been determined. Better quality control practices in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries demand the correct identification of the dried plants or powdered drug thereby detects and prevents the adulterations, if any. The challenge ahead of this investigation is to validate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the plant following standard methodology.

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Cognitive Health—Part 2

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Cognitive Health—Part 2

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Cognitive Health—Part 1

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Cognitive Health—Part 1

Leaf Anatomy and 3-D Structure Mimic to Solar Cells with light trapping and 3-D arrayed submodule for Enhanced Electricity Production

Plant leaves are efficient light scavengers. We take a ‘botanical approach’ toward the creation of next-generation photovoltaic cells for urban environments. Our cells exhibit high energy conversion efficiency under indirect weak illumination. We used two features of leaves to improve dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Leaves feature a cuticle, a covering epidermis, and palisade and spongy cells. Leaves are also carefully arrayed within the plant crown. To mimic these features, we first created a light-trapping layer on top of the solar cells and microscale-patterned the photoanodes. Then we angled the three-dimensional DSSCs to create submodules. These simple mimics afforded a 50% enhancement of simulated daily electricity production. Our new design optimizes light distribution, the photoanode structure, and the DSSC array (by creating modules), greatly improving cell performance.

STUDY OF MEDICINAL HERBS AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY: A REVIEW

The beneficial medicinal effects of plant materials typically result from the secondary products present in the plant although, it is usually not attributed to a single compound but a combination of the metabolites. The medicinal actions of plants are unique to a particular plant species or group, consistent with the concept that the combination of secondary products in a particular plant is taxonomically distinct.The screening of plants usually involves several approach; ethno botanical approach is one of the common methods that are employed in choosing the plant for pharmacological study. In the present review paper, antimicrobial properties of various medicinal plants were reviewed. The present review deals with the antibacterial activity of various medicinal plants.
 Keywords: Antimicrobial, Herbal Drugs, WHO, Cup-plate Method, Anti-bacterial Activity.

L’abri du Pas de l’Échelle (Rovon, Isère) : évolution du couvert végétal d’après les analyses polliniques et anthracologiques

The Pas de l’Échelle (980 m a. s. l.) is a natural passage from the Isère valley to the Hauts-Plateaux of the Vercors massif. At this place a rock shelter has yielded an important Mesolithic and Neolithic sequence, well dated by artefacts and by a series of 14C datings. Pollen analysis was mainly performed on this sequence, and on the gravels at the base of the excavation (Dryas III), as well as on Neolithic layers. As for charcoal analysis it covers a larger chronological range, from Mesolithic to Early Middle Ages. It enables to describe the dynamics of the vegetation through several thousands of years under human influence. Therefore, these two botanical approaches are chronologically complementary. The vegetation dynamics is divided in three steps characterized for the first by pine and broadleaved oak forest, then by yew during the Neolithic, next by ash tree and by the fir-beech forest from Bronze Age onwards.

Roundoc Rx: Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Peripheral Neuropathy

Alternative and Complementary TherapiesVol. 21, No. 3 Roundoc Rx: Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Peripheral NeuropathyRobert RountreeRobert RountreeSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:4 Jun 2015https://doi.org/10.1089/act.2015.29007.rrAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 21Issue 3Jun 2015 Information© 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Robert Rountree.Roundoc Rx: Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Peripheral Neuropathy.Alternative and Complementary Therapies.Jun 2015.99-105.http://doi.org/10.1089/act.2015.29007.rrPublished in Volume: 21 Issue 3: June 4, 2015Online Ahead of Print:May 26, 2015PDF download

Late middle Eocene fossil wood of Myanmar: Implications for the landscape and the climate of the Eocene Bengal Bay

The late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar, has yielded a diversified assemblage of silicified wood including some of the earliest recorded Dipterocarpaceae. However, mid-Palaeogene fossil wood from Asia remains rarely described. We present here three additional species of fossil wood from the upper member of the Pondaung Formation, including a new species of Menispermoxylon (M. mowglii nov. spec.) with successive cambia and included phloem, and two specimens of the fossil genera Glutoxylon (G. burmense Chowdhury) and Heritieroxylon (H. arunachalensis Lakhanpal, Prakash et Awasthi). These three fossil species are related to modern taxa of mangrove and coastal forests in the Bengal Bay and complete the floral assemblage already identified in the Pondaung Formation. The late middle Eocene fossil woods of Myanmar followed a toposequence with mangroves along the seashore, riparian elements similar to those of modern Terai ecosystem in the upper delta plain, and dry dipterocarp forests in the upstream areas of the drainage basin. The latter two assemblages and their association in the landscape are typical of monsoonal areas with significant rainfall and a marked dry season, thus confirming recent studies showing that the Bengal Bay has experienced a significant monsoonal regime as early as 40Ma ago. The climatic parameters obtained by two quantitative botanical approaches on the Pondaung fossil wood, the coexistence and wood anatomical approaches, suggest similar-to-modern rainfall amount, marked dry season, and warmer annual temperature for the Eocene of Myanmar. They thus support the hypothesis that monsoonal rainfall at that time may have been favored by Eocene greenhouse conditions. However, despite the homogeneity of the Pondaung floral assemblage, several resulting climatic parameters, such as the mean annual temperature (for the coexistence approach) or the mean annual rainfall (for the wood anatomical approach), display large but incomplete uncertainty intervals or unlikely values (for the coexistence and wood anatomical approaches respectively). These limitations can be attributed to the lack of super-warm and super-seasonal stations in their modern databases. It thus indicates that results from both quantitative approaches should be interpreted with caution for palaeo-monsoon reconstruction.

The evolution of Roman urban environments through the archaeobotanical remains in Modena – Northern Italy

The paper reports on the urban archaeobotany of Modena, a town that lies on the southern Po Plain of the Emilia Romagna region, Northern Italy. Founded in 183 BC, it was an important Roman colony known as Mutina. The integrated study of micro- and macro-remains, the interdisciplinary archaeological and botanical approach, and the comparison of on-site/off-site records allow the reconstruction of an urban environment of the past. Pollen and macroremains from four archaeological sites located in and around the ancient walls, along with pollen from an off-site trench, were studied with an integrated approach, aimed at reconstructing the main floristic, vegetational and palaeoecological features of the town and its surroundings between the 6th century BC and the 10th century AD. During the Roman age, the natural plant landscape was characterised by wetlands, thinly scattered mixed oak woods, cereal fields, gardens and other human environments; during the Late Roman and Early Medieval age, the woodlands increased. Some currently rare, or locally extinct, species lived in the area. The fragmentation of the landscape has been evident since the Roman times because pieces of the natural environments have survived near lands strongly modified by inhabitants.

Botany and a changing world: Introduction to the Special Issue on Global Biological Change

The impacts of global change have heightened the need to understand how organisms respond to and influence these changes. Can we forecast how change at the global scale may lead to biological change? Can we identify systems, processes, and organisms that are most vulnerable to global changes? Can we use this understanding to enhance resilience to global changes? This special issue on global biological change emphasizes the integration of botanical information at different biological levels to gain perspective on the direct and indirect effects of global change. Contributions span a range of spatial scales and include both ecological and evolutionary timescales and highlight work across levels of organization, including cellular and physiological processes, individuals, populations, and ecosystems. Integrative botanical approaches to global change are critical for the ecological and evolutionary insights they provide and for the implications these studies have for species conservation and ecosystem management.

Species-based versus habitat-based evaluation for conservation status assessment of habitat types in the East Aegean islands (Greece)

This paper describes an integrated GIS-based methodology for conservation value assessment using the traditional species-based and a habitat-based multi-criteria evaluation. The methodology was applied to 49 small islands and islets in the East Aegean area, belonging to a SCI Natura 2000 site. The species-based (botanical approach) conservation status assessment attributes a specific weight to the parameter of endemism, while the multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) approach emphasises the criteria of diversity, rarity, naturalness, replaceability and threat on each habitat type in combination with the number of significant taxa. The conservation values attained from the two approaches are significantly correlated, but the multi-criteria approach is more effective as it includes all the habitat types within the study area in the 25% of the polygons with the highest conservation values. Furthermore, results from the multi-criteria analysis were more in line with subjective assessments of the conservation value of the habitat types than the ones obtained by the botanical approach.

Anticancer effects of Chinese red yeast rice versus monacolin K alone on colon cancer cells

Chinese red yeast rice (RYR) is a food herb made by fermenting Monascus purpureus Went yeast with white rice. RYR contains a mixture of monacolins, one of which — monacolin K (MK) — is identical to lovastatin (LV). Epidemiological studies show that individuals taking statins have a reduced risk of colon cancer. In the present study, LV decreased cellular proliferation ( P<.001) and induced apoptosis ( P<.05) in HCT-116 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. RYR inhibited both tumor cell growths ( P<.001) and enhanced apoptosis ( P<.05) in HCT-116 cells. Inhibition of proliferation was reversed by mevalonate (MV) in LV-treated cells, since LV is a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. However, RYR with MV did not reverse the observed inhibition of growth. MK-free RYR did not reverse the observed LV-mediated inhibition of cancer cell growth. These observations suggest that other components in RYR, including other monacolins, pigments or the combined matrix effects of multiple constituents, may affect intracellular signaling pathways differently from purified crystallized LV in colon cancer cells. RYR was purified into two fractions: pigment-rich fraction of Chinese red yeast rice (PF-RYR) and monacolin-rich fraction of Chinese red yeast rice (MF-RYR). The effect of MF-RYR was similar to that of LV, while the effect of PF-RYR was similar to the effect of the whole RYR extract on the proliferation, apoptosis and mRNA level of HMGCR and sterol response element binding protein-2. These results suggest that the matrix effects of RYR beyond MK alone may be active in inhibiting colon cancer growth. RYR with or without MK may be a botanical approach to colon cancer chemoprevention worthy of further investigation.

UV protective coatings: A botanical approach

Solar UV radiation is harmful to many biological systems, as well as all kind of technical applications. UV protective coatings are commonly utilised to shield many susceptible substances. In an attempt to learn from nature we demonstrate that for the Pinus mugo subsp. mugo (dwarf mountain pine) the cuticular wax layer provides UV protection. This biological coating contains chromophores that absorb UV radiation in such a way that it removes the most harmful UV-B and UV-A from the solar spectrum received by the plant and does not lower the received PAR (photosynthetically active radiation). In addition, the P. mugo grown at high elevations in the Alps has a cuticular wax coat that also contains fluorsphores, which convert the harmful solar UV into blue light. This additional blue light can be utilised for photosynthesis in low-light conditions, which gives the P. mugo ecological advantage over other Alpine species. The principle of turning useless or even harmful radiation into useful energy sets an example for new biological based coatings.