We systematically investigate the ground-state properties of self-bound droplets of quasi-two-dimensional binary Bose gases by using the Gaussian state theory. We find that quantum droplets consists two macroscopic squeezed phases and a macroscopic coherent phase. We map out the phase diagram and determine all phase boundaries via both numerical and nearly analytical methods. In particular, we find three easily accessible signatures for the quantum phases and the stablization mechanism of the self-bound droplets by precisely measuring their radial size. Our studies indicate that binary droplets represent an ideal platform for in-depth investigations of the quantum nature of the droplet state.