Borrowing Mechanism Research Articles

Drivers of local government borrowing in China: Fiscal hunger and competition game under asymmetric decentralization

This paper contributes two mechanisms through which asymmetric fiscal decentralization drives local government borrowing: ‘fiscal hunger’ (borrowing to address budgetary fiscal gaps, leverage land resources, and pay off existing loans) and ‘competition game’ (borrowing to compete for bond issuance and state funds). Analyzing a dataset of 290 Chinese cities from 2006 to 2015, we find local government borrowing is driven by both fiscal hunger and inter-city competition. Borrowing is not confined to the growth-oriented purpose. Our Geographically Weighted Panel Regression uncovers the spatial patterns of two borrowing mechanisms, in which borrowing in less-developed regions is predominantly driven by fiscal hunger, while developed coastal regions actively engage in inter-city competition through borrowing. These dynamics may aggravate fiscal disparities among Chinese cities.

Importance of general systems theory for scientific training

The article investigates the possibility of formation of creative competencies of students within the framework of scientific personnel training. It is noted that the available training courses within the framework of general training of scientific personnel allow to prepare a specialist who is able to use existing knowledge, but such a specialist is not trained in creativity. For the formation of creative competences it is necessary to take a training course of the general theory of systems, the purpose of which is to create a universal methodology of reliable representation of models of objects, based on the similarity (isomorphism) of the forms and laws of the universe. A detailed argumentation of the connection between creativity and holistic representation of being, the empirical manifestation of which is isomorphism, is given. The mechanism of knowledge translation within the framework of the mechanism of multisystem integration of human being, the mechanism of knowledge borrowing by human being from sensually comprehended forms of reality is investigated. It is stated that in order to meet the set tasks of cognition, a version of the general theory of systems, extended by the metaphysical component, is required. Further, starting from the metaphysical description of the foundations of the phenomenon of isomorphism observed in the practice of cognition, it is possible to form complete collections of patterns – typical forms, templates of objects and their relations. At present, the work on such a version of the general theory of systems is being finalized. The article concludes with a discussion of the problematics of teaching general systems theory. It emphasizes two components: the issue of positioning the training course "General Theory of Systems" in relation to other courses, as well as taking into account the specifics of the subject area of students in different specialties (directions).

The Impact of English Lexical Categories on Modern Colloquial Sinhala Language With Special Reference to Neologism and Borrowing

This study was carried out with the main objective of investigating the impact of the English language lexeme on modern colloquial Sinhala and exploring the specific mechanisms of neologism and borrowing. Among the major findings, the impact of English on colloquial Sinhala has been identified in the processes of the acronym, coinage, alphabetic abbreviation, clipping, blending, generification, and borrowing as the dominant processes that come under the umbrella term of neologism. As borrowing mechanisms, loan words, loan shifts and loan blends followed by other subsequent mechanisms like loan translations, loan renditions and loan creations have been established with colloquial Sinhala. Participatory observation, chunk recordings and secondary data sources are methodological instruments of this research. The English-influenced lexical items in modern colloquial Sinhala have been critically analysed and categorized logically with the final concluding remark that the English language's influence on modern colloquial Sinhala is inordinate with special reference to lexical categories.

Bayesian Methods for Information Borrowing in Basket Trials: An Overview.

Basket trials allow simultaneous evaluation of a single therapy across multiple cancer types or subtypes of the same cancer. Since the same treatment is tested across all baskets, it may be desirable to borrow information across them to improve the statistical precision and power in estimating and detecting the treatment effects in different baskets. We review recent developments in Bayesian methods for the design and analysis of basket trials, focusing on the mechanism of information borrowing. We explain the common components of these methods, such as a prior model for the treatment effects that embodies an assumption of exchangeability. We also discuss the distinct features of these methods that lead to different degrees of borrowing. Through simulation studies, we demonstrate the impact of information borrowing on the operating characteristics of these methods and discuss its broader implications for drug development. Examples of basket trials are presented in both phase I and phase II settings.

한국의 교육훈련 정책차용 메커니즘 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanism by which external apprenticeship policies are borrowed in Korea, and to identify the reasons why external policies are transformed into Korean style within this mechanism.
 To achieve this goal, this study conducted a qualitative case study by securing data through literature analysis and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted by selecting a total of 34 people involved in industry, academia, government, and research institute concurrently in consideration of the representativeness and balance of the sample.
 In this study, from the perspective of morphogenetic theory that explains the mechanism of social change by considering both the influence of the structure and agency, a new analysis framework was designed to supplement the existing education training policy borrowing analysis framework. Based on this analysis framework, Korea's apprenticeship policy borrowing mechanism was analyzed by dividing it into three stages: structural conditioning, actor interaction, and structural internalization. And how the external policy prototype was transformed into the Korean style by the structure and actors was discussed. Based on this, the meaning of the ‘Korean style’ transformation was reexamined and the direction for the Korean education training policy borrowing was suggested.
 The implications of this research is that first, by clarifying the mechanism of the Korean apprenticeship policy borrowing, it provides feedback to policy makers and researchers on ways to develop a truly Korean style apprenticeship policy by taking the Korean structure and agency into account. This research also suggests a new framework to analyze the education training policy borrowing mechanism by considering both the structure and the agency on equal terms.

Robust incorporation of historical information with known type I error rate inflation.

Bayesian clinical trials can benefit from available historical information through the specification of informative prior distributions. Concerns are however often raised about the potential for prior-data conflict and the impact of Bayes test decisions on frequentist operating characteristics, with particular attention being assigned to inflation of type I error (TIE) rates. This motivates the development of principled borrowing mechanisms, that strike a balance between frequentist and Bayesian decisions. Ideally, the trust assigned to historical information defines the degree of robustness to prior-data conflict one is willing to sacrifice. However, such relationship is often not directly available when explicitly considering inflation of TIE rates. We build on available literature relating frequentist and Bayesian test decisions, and investigate a rationale for inflation of TIE rate which explicitly and linearly relates the amount of borrowing and the amount of TIE rate inflation in one-arm studies. A novel dynamic borrowing mechanism tailored to hypothesis testing is additionally proposed. We show that, while dynamic borrowing prevents the possibility to obtain a simple closed-form TIE rate computation, an explicit upper bound can still be enforced. Connections with the robust mixture prior approach, particularly in relation to the choice of the mixture weight and robust component, are made. Simulations are performed to show the properties of the approach for normal and binomial outcomes, and an exemplary application is demonstrated in a casestudy.

Beyond emissions trading to a negative carbon economy: a proposed carbon removal obligation and its implementation

ABSTRACT According to most climate mitigation scenario assessments, limiting global warming to 1.5–2°C in the long run will not be possible without the extensive deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere. CDR is required for drawing down and achieving net-zero CO2 emissions by mid-century. Thereafter, CO2 removals will likely need to exceed residual CO2 emissions, resulting in net negative emissions. A policy framework based on ‘carbon removal obligations’ (CROs) has been proposed to respond to concerns about the financial and fiscal viability, the lack of incentives for CDR uptake, as well as the physical and technological risks associated with any climate mitigation scenario that relies on large scale CDR. Here we propose an updated and improved CRO policy framework, consisting of two core elements: the ‘principal CRO mechanism’ obliges emitters of a tonne of CO2 to remove a tonne of CO2 at the time of maturity of the CRO. On top of this obligation, CRO holders need to pay a fee for the temporary storage of CO2 in the atmosphere. This ‘CRO pricing instrument’ is used by regulators to steer the carbon emissions and removals pathways independently. Our update suggests that markets for CDR under the CRO framework should operate independently from markets for emission reductions. We propose a blueprint for legal implementation where CROs are integrated akin to private financial borrowing and debt mechanisms. By aligning CROs with established financial systems, we leverage familiar institutional roles, seamlessly integrating climate mitigation into the core economy.

Legal Regulation of the Issue of Digital Financial Assets

The article comprehensively examines the issues of legal regulation of the issue of digital financial assets. In the legal and economic doctrine, as well as in law enforcement practice, there is no uniform approach to the content of the concepts of “digital law”, “digital financial asset”, “utilitarian digital law”, which predetermined the topic of the study. The purpose of the article is to study insufficiently developed problems related to the procedure for issuing digital financial assets. The results of the study. Regulation of issues of digital financial assets consists of two levels: at the legislative level, the legal regime of digital financial assets is determined, the procedure for their issue, accounting and circulation, requirements for entities; at the local level, the operator approves the rules of the information system, coordinated with the Bank of Russia. The study of issued digital financial assets showed that, firstly, they are all related to monetary requirements, which means that digital financial assets are currently used in the money market as a borrowing mechanism. Secondly, despite the availability of digital financial assets declared by information system operators for various investors, a significant part of the issues that took place were intended not for a wide range of people, but for certain investors. This is due to the fact that, in general, all releases can be called “pilot”: operators check the working capacity of their information systems, trying to avoid negative consequences.

Water insecurity, water borrowing and psychosocial stress among Daasanach pastoralists in northern Kenya

ABSTRACT This article quantifies Daasanach water insecurity experiences in northern Kenya, examines how water insecurity is associated with water borrowing and psychosocial stress, and evaluates if water borrowing mitigates the stress from water insecurity. Of 133 households interviewed in seven communities, 94.0% were water insecure and 74.4% borrowed water three or more times in the prior month. Regression analyses demonstrate water-borrowing frequency moderates the relationship between water insecurity and psychosocial stress. Only those who rarely or never borrowed water reported greater stress with higher water insecurity. The coping mechanism of water borrowing may help blunt water insecurity-related stress.

Half-Sandwich Iridium Complexes with Hydrazone Ligands: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in N-Alkylation of Anilines or Nitroarenes with Alcohols via Hydrogen Autotransfer.

Here, we synthesize a series of hydrazone-based N,O-chelate half-sandwich iridium complexes through a facile route. All air-stable iridium complexes show high catalytic activity in N-alkylation of a broad scope of aniline derivatives and alcohols with liberating water as the sole byproduct. This reaction provides a smooth route to synthesize diverse monoalkylated amines in good to excellent yields at moderate temperature with a low catalyst loading. Moreover, the challenging N-alkylation process using nitroarene substrates as coupling partners is also carried out in this catalytic system. The mechanistic study shows that the present iridium catalysis process proceeds through a hydrogen borrowing mechanism. All iridium(III) complexes 1-4 are characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FUNDAMENTALS OF MUNICIPAL REFORM IN UKRAINE

The article examines the formation and development of local self-government of the Ukrainian state and their compliance with European legal standards of local democracy. It was revealed that at present the development of the Ukrainian state is impossible without the functioning of an effective institution of local self-government as an integral element of civil society and the rule of law. It has been established that the completion of the long- term reform of local self-government, taking into account the European legal standards of local self-government, will make it possible to speak about the establishment of a real civil society and a rule of law in Ukraine.
 It is noted that recently the constitutional principles of local self-government have begun to lag behind the real state of existence and functioning of this subsystem of public power. And this, in turn, leads to the inhibition of its further progressive development and improvement. Moreover, the current post-Soviet model of local self-government in Ukraine is characterized by internal contradictions: on the one hand, a combination of organizational and legal forms inherited from Soviet times with models formed during modern Ukrainian statehood; on the other hand, the latest models of public administration at the territorial level unsystematically combine borrowing from several, sometimes directly opposite, Western models of administrative structure.
 It is noted that the perception of foreign experience, especially in the field of rule- making and rule-making, is quite a difficult task, because here it is necessary to introduce into the legal system of one state, through appropriate borrowing mechanisms, the legal norms of another state. of these, will lead to legal and administrative conflicts. It is noted that the use of European legal standards for building local self-government in Ukraine should become the basis and standard for the practical implementation of a systemic set of reforms in the management system at the local and regional level.

Analysis on College Students’ Extracurricular Learning Interests Based on Their Book Borrowing Behaviours

Extracurricular reading can broaden the horizons of college students. Exploring the patterns of students’ extracurricular learning and analyzing the relationships between extracurricular learning interests and book borrowing behaviours and the intervention mechanism of book borrowing can provide scientific guidance and basis for the comprehensive development of college students. Most of the existing learning interest analysis models have ignored other feedbacks generated in learner’s behaviours, and there are very few studies on learning interests based on book borrowing behaviours. Therefore, this paper conducts an analysis of college students’ extracurricular learning interests based on book borrowing behaviours. Based on the data of college students’ book borrowing behaviours obtained from the service terminal of the library management system, an extracurricular learning interest model for learners was constructed, and the extracurricular learning interest degrees of college students were calculated based on the borrowing time and the number of borrowing times. A multi-layer interest model based on knowledge graph was also constructed to further improve the accuracy of the analysis results of learners’ extracurricular learning interests.

How can the cost and effectiveness of renewable portfolio standards be coordinated? Incentive mechanism design from the coevolution perspective

Renewable portfolio standards are essential means to promote the transition to low-carbon energy by encouraging obligated subjects to purchase tradable green certificates. However, the trade-off between Renewable portfolio standards' cost and effectiveness is a challenge for the government, because they want to support the development of renewable energy at the lowest cost. This paper constructs a coevolution model for a renewable energy system incorporating Renewable portfolio standards to explore how incentive mechanisms impact the cost and effectiveness of Renewable portfolio standards. The simulation results show that with the coevolution of the RE system, Renewable portfolio standards' effectiveness gradually rises; concurrently, its cost increases first before later decreasing. However, the path-dependence of the behavioural evolution of the tradable green certificate market players hinders further improvements in Renewable portfolio standards' cost-effectiveness. In addition, high quotas and price collars close to TGC value improve the cost-effectiveness, whilst the sloped penalty mechanisms, banking mechanisms with a valid period longer than one year, and borrowing mechanisms significantly reduce costs. On this basis, the government can design dynamic incentive mechanisms to guide the market players’ behavioural evolution and decrease costs whilst also ensuring effectiveness.

Probing vibronic coupling of a transiently charged state of a single molecule through subnanometer resolved electroluminescence imaging

The intramolecular vibronic coupling has a great effect on molecular electronic transitions and associated spectral characteristics, which is a central topic in the study of molecular spectroscopy. In this paper, we investigate the vibronic coupling of a transiently charged state within a single 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylicdianhydride (PTCDA) molecule in real space by imaging the spatial distribution of single-molecule electroluminescence via highly localized excitation of tunneling electrons in a plasmonic nanocavity. The electron injections from a scanning tunneling microscope tip into a PTCDA molecule on a silver-supported ultrathin salt layer produce a transient doubly charged molecular anion that emits vibrationally resolved fluorescence. The sub-molecular resolved spectroscopic imaging for the –2 valence transiently charged state shows a two-spot pattern along the molecular short axis for the purely electronic 0-0 transition. However, the observed two-spot orientation for certain anti-symmetric vibronic-state imaging is found to be evidently different from the purely electronic 0-0 transition, rotating 90°, which reflects the change in the transition dipole orientation from along the molecular short axis to the long axis. Such a change directly reveals the occurrence of strong vibronic coupling associated with a large Herzberg-Teller (HT) contribution, which goes beyond the conventional Franck-Condon (FC) picture. Combined with theoretical calculations, the anti-symmetric vibration is found to have a strong dynamic disturbance to the transition density of purely electronic transitions, especially those atoms with large transition densities, which induces a strong transition charge oscillation along the long axis of the molecule and thus leads to a transition dipole along the long axis of the molecule. On the other hand, for vibronic emissions associated with the totally symmetric molecular vibration (such as the v<sub>1</sub> (A<sub>g</sub>) mode described above), the observed two-spot orientation in the vibronic-state imaging pattern is found to be the same as the purely electronic 0-0 transition, which directly reveals its FC-dominated nature. Notably, the vibration-induced emission associated with HT-dominated contributions (such as the v<sub>2</sub> (B<sub>3g</sub>) mode) is often discussed in the literature by using an intensity borrowing mechanism via the state mixing with other high-lying eigenstates. In the present work, the v<sub>2</sub>-vibration with B<sub>3g</sub> symmetry is likely to modulate the zero-order electronic wavefunction of the S<sub>1</sub> state in a way to best resemble that of the S<sub>2</sub> state (<i>i.e.</i>, induce efficient mixing of the electronic excited state S<sub>1</sub> with the electronic excited state S<sub>2</sub>), so that the v<sub>2</sub>-vibration induced emission seems to borrow intensities from neighboring S<sub>2</sub>→S<sub>0</sub> transitions. Our results provide a new route for the real-space understanding of the microscopic picture for the vibronic coupling within a single molecule in a transiently charged state.

ВНУТРІШНІ ДЕРЖАВНІ ЗАПОЗИЧЕННЯ У ФІНАНСОВІЙ СИСТЕМІ УКРАЇНИ

The lack of a unified concept of debt policy in Ukraine has become a catalyst for exacerbating the contradictions in the stability of the financial system of the state. The situation in recent years, caused by significant budget deficits, pandemics, military conflict in the eastern Ukraine, dependence on energy imports, the need to increase foreign exchange reserves to ensure the stability of the national currency, the need for technical re-equipment and restructuring of the national economy which led to a significant increase in pressure on the state budget and a decrease in its investment component. Involving citizens in the capitalization of their money savings, through investments in government securities, not only activates the financial system of the state, but also increases the status of the state, creates conditions for consensus between government and citizens on the strategy of socio-economic development of Ukraine. Thus, the growing role of domestic government borrowing in financing the state budget deficit will reduce risks, as well as create economic preconditions for optimizing public debt. The balance of legal, institutional and economic components of the borrowing mechanism in the domestic market allows to combine the economic interests of all sides in this process while ensuring the dominant role of the state as the initiator and organizer of the domestic borrowing market. Systematic functioning of the domestic borrowing market is the main condition for the balance of the state budget and the stability of the financial system as a whole.

Effects of herding behavior of tradable green certificate market players on market efficiency: insights from heterogeneous agent model

Tradable green certificate (TGC) scheme promotes the development of renewable energy industry which currently has a dual effect on economy and environment. TGC market efficiency is reflected in stimulating renewable energy investment, but may be reduced by the herding behavior of market players. This paper proposes and simulates an artificial TGC market model which contains heterogeneous agents, communication structure, and regulatory rules to explore the characteristics of herding behavior and its effects on market efficiency. The results show that the evolution of herding behavior reduces information asymmetry and improves market efficiency, especially when the borrowing is allowed. In addition, the fundamental strategy is diffused by herding evolution, but TGC market efficiency may be remarkably reduced by herding with borrowing mechanism. Moreover, the herding behavior may evolve to an equilibrium where the revenue of market players is comparable, thus the fairness in TGC market is improved.

DFT and TD-DFT Investigation of a Charge Transfer Surface Resonance Raman Model of N3 Dye Bound to a Small TiO2 Nanoparticle

Raman spectroscopy is an important method for studying the configuration of Ru bipyridyl dyes on TiO2. We studied the [Ru(II)(4,4′-COOH-2,2′-bpy)2(NCS)2)] dye (N3) adsorbed on a (TiO2)5 nanoparticle using Density Functional Theory, DFT, to optimize the geometry of the complex and to simulate normal Raman scattering, NRS, for the isolated N3 and the N3–(TiO2)5 complex. Two configurations of N3 are found on the surface both anchored with a carboxylate bridging bidentate linkage but one with the two NCS ligands directed away from the surface and one with one NSC tilted away and the other NCS interacting with the surface. Both configurations also had another –COOH group hydrogen bonded to a Ti-O dangling bond. These configurations can be distinguished from each other by Raman bands at 2104 and 2165 cm−1. The former configuration has more intense Normal Raman Scattering, NRS, on TiO2 surfaces and was studied with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory, TD-DFT, frequency-dependent Raman simulations. Pre-resonance Raman spectra were simulated for a Metal to Ligand Charge Transfer, MLCT, excited state and for a long-distance CT transition from N3 directly to (TiO2)5. Enhancement factors for the MLCT and long-distance CT processes are around 1 × 103 and 2 × 102, respectively. A Herzberg–Teller intensity borrowing mechanism is implicated in the latter and provides a possible mechanism for the photo-injection of electrons to titania surfaces.

THE SARMATIAN MIRROR WITH TAMGAS FROM THE SETTLEMENT OF SEBEȘ - “PODUL PRIPOCULUI” (ALBA COUNTY, ROMANIA): 50 YEARS LATER

The article discusses the mirror discovered in 1967 following the archaeological excavations conducted in the Sebeș - “Podul Pripocului” settlement (Alba county/RO), dated to the 3rd – 4th century AD. The piece, singular in the intra-Carpathian area, belongs to the type of disc mirrors with rectangular side handle and decorated reverse. These are specific mainly to the Sarmatae world, yet are also found in the environment of other cultural identities. Although they emerge in the 1st century AD, they were broadly used in the 2nd century – first half of the 3rd century AD, being rare in the second half of the 3rd century AD. On the Romanian eastern and south-eastern territory, such toiletries appear sometime by mid 2nd century AD, originating especially from graves and features of the second half of the 2nd century – first half of the 3rd century AD, while in only a few cases the dating may also include the first part of the second half of the 3rd century AD. In the case of the specimens from the Romanian territory, these are small, thin in cross-section, exhibiting a slightly marked border on the rim, while the central disc convexity is lacking with most, these being features characteristic to the decorated mirrors of the second half of the 2nd century – first half of the 3rd century AD. The study of the ”Podul Pripocului” exemplar showed that on its reverse there are two identical tamgas set in the mirror, rendered erroneously in their previous publications, which explains the lack of any reported parallels. The author concludes that most close or very close parallels are specific to the region to the right of the Dnieper. As for the dating, these are specific to the period comprised between the second half of the 1st century AD – mid 3rd century AD. It is also noted that in the north-Pontic area, there are many tamgas with components similar to those on the Sebeș - “Podul Pripocului” mirror (in particular the volutes with the inward wavy loops), however these may not be deemed, according to the author, parallels. Owing to its significance, yet especially their function and their borrowing mechanism by the neighbouring populaces, the author concludes that the Sebeș - “Podul Pripocului” mirror did not reach the intra-Carpathian area by trade or exchange. On the basis of the existing finds, it is concluded that currently, it is impossible to say with certainty when the Sebeș - “Podul Pripocului” settlement started or ceased, but also that there was a most certain Barbarian presence, of which further details would be known only subsequent to future archaeological research. Given the role and function of the tamgas on the objects, their distribution manner in other cultural areas and borrowing mechanism by the neighbouring populations, the author concludes it is very likely that among the Barbarians who settled in the “Podul Pripocului” settlement also counted Sarmatians, to whom the presence of this mirror on in the intra-Carpathian area is due.

REGULATED SHORT SELLING IN BURSA MALAYSIA: EVALUATING THE USURY ISSUE

Regulated short selling transactions is an alternative that was introduced by the Syariah Advisory Council (SAC), which is attached to the Securities Commission Malaysia, to implement short selling in Malaysia. Short selling is not permitted because it involves various Shariah-related issues, including usury, uncertainty (ghārar), gambling, speculation etc. Since short selling has advantageous in terms of liquidity and opportunities for investors to reap profit when the value of securities fall, hence, regulated short selling activities should be restructured so that it can be implemented without transgressing the boundaries of syarak. This qualitative study used the content analysis approach to examine and determine whether the element of usury still exists in regulated short selling. Findings show that regulated short selling transactions adopted by Bursa Malaysia is combined with the Securities Borrowing and Lending (SBL) mechanism. Therefore, implementing regulated short selling in Bursa Malaysia can solve the usury issue when short selling transactions are combined with SBL, which uses the ijarah bi istihan principle.

Satellites of the resonance transitions of alkali atoms in mixtures with CF4

The absorption and luminescence excitation spectra of gas phase mixtures of alkali metals atoms A (A = K, Rb, Cs) with carbon tetrafluoride molecules CF4 are studied in the region of transitions from the ground state A(2S1/2) to the lowest resonance states A(2P1/2, 3/2). It is shown that these transitions have intense satellites corresponding to the simultaneous vibrational excitation of the carbon tetrafluoride molecule, A(2S1/2) + CF4(v3=0) + hv → A(2P1/2, 3/2) + CF4(v3=1), where v3 is the IR active mode of CF4 with a vibrational quantum energy of 1281 cm–1. The satellites are relatively narrow bands (FWHM ~ 30 cm–1) slightly (< 10 cm–1) shifted to the red from the energies corresponding to the asymptotes A(2PJ) + CF4(v3=1), J=1/2, 3/2. The spectral width and position of the satellites indicate that these transitions occur at relatively large atom-molecule distances. In contrast to the majority of the studied before pair excitation processes in the gas phase, the intensity borrowing mechanism responsible for the observed satellite bands cannot be explained by the dipole-dipole interaction. Possible alternative mechanisms are discussed. It is also established that mixtures with CF4 are chemically stable including at elevated temperatures up to at least 200°C and their optical excitation results in resonance luminescence of alkali atoms. As compared to Ar, collisions with CF4 provides a higher rate of the population transfer between the A(2P1/2) and A(2P3/2) states. These results indicate that CF4 may be used as a component of the active medium of diode pumped alkali lasers.